Additional resource: SLF EGG MASS GUIDE – USE FOR TRAINING (click here to download)
We have compiled the GDD resources into one single document – please download and print multiple copies of this for yourself and employees in efforts to best scout for these insect pests. These guides do not dictate when to spray, rather they inform scouting ranges for insect pests, vulnerable life-stages, and overlapping timeframes for multiple troublesome pests.
Please Download these resources:
Nursery and Landscape Pest Scouting Guide 2022 PDF (note this contains conifer pests as well)
Conifer Pest Scouting Guide 2022 PDF
Refer to this post “Obtaining your local growing degree-days” for additional information
We will be making regular announcements throughout the season, however we wanted you to have this beta-version of the compiled growing-degree day information. This will be updated and modified throughout the season – PLEASE let me know what difference you are seeing in the field so we can continue to make this resource better for all of us.
Contact: twaller@njaes.rutgers.edu (or call the Cumberland County Extension Office – 856-451-2800)
Growing degree-days as of writing this 3/22/22 (using USPEST.org weather station codes):
- Southern (NJ50): 74
- Central (NJ10): 72
- Northeastern (Greater NYC Metro area (D6302): 41
- Northwestern (NJ59): 21
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Crop type Common Name Scientific Name GDD Min (50F) GDD Max (95F) Reference Developmental / Target Stage Conifer Zimmerman pine moth Dioryctria zimmermani 25 100 3 1st larvae Conifer Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 25 120 3 Spring control of overwintering stage Conifer Eastern spruce gall adelgid Adelges abietis 25 100 3 Spring control of overwintering stage Conifer Northern pine weevil Pissodes approximatus 25 100 4 1st adults active Conifer Zimmerman pine moth Dioryctria zimmermani 25 100 3 1st larvae active Conifer Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 25 120 3 Spring control of overwintering stage Conifer White pine weevil Pissodes strobi 25 220 4 1st adults active Shade trees European fruit lecanium Parthenolecanium corni 35 145 2 Spring control of overwintering stage Many, evergreen Euonymus scale Unaspis euonymi 35 120 2 Spring control of overwintering stage Conifer European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer 35 145 1 Hatched larvae Conifer Fletcher scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri 35 148 2 Spring control of overwintering stage Conifer European pine shoot moth / borer Rhyacionia buoiana 50 220 4 1st larvae active Maples Maple bladdergall mite Vasates quadripedes 58 148 2 Spring control of overwintering stage Honeylocust Honeylocust plant bug Diaphnocoris chlorionis 58 246 2 Nympths / adults active Conifer Pine tortoise scale Toumeyela parvicornis 58 148 2 Cralwer activity Conifer Pine bark adelgid Pineus strobi 58 618 2 Spring control of overwintering stage Conifer Balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus 60 100 4 Egg hatch Many Southern red mite Oligonychus ilicis 69 157 RU Spring hatch Conifer Eastern pine shoot borer Eucosma gloriola 75 200 4 1st adults active Malus, Prunus, many Eastern tent caterpillar Malacosoma americanum 90 190 2 Larvae treatment before tents apparent Many Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar 90 448 RU Larvae treatment (early instars) Conifer Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 90 180 4 1st adults active – Douglas fir Malus, Prunus, many Eastern tent caterpillar Malacosoma americanum 90 190 2 Larvae treatment before tents apparent (near 150-GDD50) Malus, Prunus, many Eastern tent caterpillar Malacosoma americanum 90 190 2 Larvae treatment before tents apparent (near 150-GDD50) Conifer Balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus 100 150 4 Stem mothers present (control target) Conifer Pine engraver (Ips bark beetle) Ips spp. 100 150 4 1st adults active Conifer European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer 100 195 4 1st larvae active Pieris Andromeda lace bug Stephanitis takeyai 115 279 RU Nymphs (1st generation) Azalea Azalea lace bug Stephanitis pyrioides 118 372 RU Nymphs (1st generation) Conifer Larch casebearer Coleophora laricella 120 150 4 Egg hatch Elm, Service berry Woolly elm aphid Eriosoma americana 121 246 2 (6) Control target Elm, Service berry Woolly elm aphid Eriosoma americana 121 246 2 (6) Control target Birch Birch leafminer Fenusa pusilla 123 290 RU Adults – egg laying Many Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar 145 200 4 Egg hatch, 1st larvae Holly Holly leaf miner Phytomyza ilicis 147 265 RU Adults – egg laying Many Cankerworms, inch-worms, loopers (many) 148 290 2 Larvae treatment Lilac, ash, privet, many Lilac / Ash Borer Podosesia syringae 148 299 2 Adult flight Yews, Rhododendrons, many Black Vine Weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus 148 400 2 Pupation / Adult emergence Dogwood, many Dogwood Borer Synanthedon scitula 148 700 2 Adult activity Conifer Spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis 150 175 4 1st egg hatch Conifer Spruce needleminer Endothenia albolineana 150 200 4 1st larvae active Conifer Balsam gall midge Paradiplosis tumifex 150 300 4 Adults laying eggs Conifer Hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae 150 150 RU Eggs and 10% hatch Conifer Spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis 150 175 4 1st egg hatch Conifer Spruce needleminer Endothenia albolineana 150 200 4 1st larvae active Conifer Balsam gall midge Paradiplosis tumifex 150 300 4 Adults laying eggs Conifer Hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae 150 150 RU Eggs and 10% hatch Conifer Spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis 150 175 4 1st egg hatch Conifer Spruce needleminer Endothenia albolineana 150 200 4 1st larvae active Conifer Balsam gall midge Paradiplosis tumifex 150 300 4 Adults laying eggs
References:
RU | Rutgers Cooperative Extension – Landscape IPM Notes |
2 | http://ccetompkins.org/resources/using-growing-degree-days-for-insect-management |
3 | https://extension.psu.edu/ipm-basics-for-christmas-trees#section-2 |
4 | https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/agriculture/christmas_trees/gdd_of_conifer_insects |
5 | https://www.agriculture.nh.gov/publications-forms/documents/landscape-pests.pdf |
6 | https://extension.umd.edu/ipm/pest-predictive-calendar-landscapenursery |
7 | https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/agriculture/christmas_trees/gdd_of_landscape_insects |
Unv. Del. | Coorespondance with Dr. Kunkel (University of Delaware)-evolving GDD ranges |
Compiled by – Timothy J. Waller, Ph.D. – Rutgers Cooperative Extension, Cumberland County Nursery Crops – twaller@njaes.rutgers.edu |