Archives for May 2022

May 17, 2022

Management Recommendations SLF nymphs in 2022

By Katarzyna Madalinska and Anne Nielsen

New Jersey is currently in its 5th year of invasion from spotted lanternfly. Populations are now widespread throughout the state and have established in almost every county in NJ. SLF pressure is variable throughout NJ’s counties, and we do not currently have a threshold for management of nymphs.

1st instar SLF in NJ vineyard – photo by K. Madalinska

SLF nymphs are hatching throughout the state and will continue to do so in the coming weeks. Despite seeing nymphs within the vineyard, we do not recommend immediate treatment at this time. Hatch will occur over a multiple week period depending on the site of egg masses and exposure. The early instars feed on new growth, particularly the underside of leaves and shoots. At this point there is no evidence that early instar feeding results in plant injury or yield loss. Peak abundance of SLF nymphs in vineyards is during their 1st to 2nd instars approximately and 2-3 weeks after the first hatch. Management during their 2nd instar will target the highest number of individuals and prevent additional treatments against nymphs. This timing typically coincides with other key pests within the vineyard, such as grape berry moth and Japanese beetle. Many broad-spectrum insecticide options for grape berry moth or Japanese beetle will also effectively kill SLF nymphs (see table) and insecticides against SLF will not be needed until the adult stage.

Trade name Active ingredient Class Rate per acre Seasonal Allowance SLF* GBM JB
Brigade 2EC bifenthrin Pyrethroid 3.2-6.4 oz 6.4 oz E* E
Actara thiamethoxam Neonicotinoid 3.5 oz 7.0 oz E* G
Assail 30SG acetamiprid Neonicotinoid 2.5-5.3 oz 2 times G G F
Carbaryl 4L carbaryl Carbamate 1-2 qt 10 qt E G G
Avaunt indoxicarb Oxadiazine 6 oz 12 oz. E* G G
Danitol 2.4EC fenpropathrin Pyrethroid 16-21.33 oz 42.66 oz E* E E
Belay clothianidin Neonicotinoid 2.0–6.0 oz. 12 oz. G G G
BaythroidXL cyfluthrin Pyrethroid 1.6-3.2 oz 12.8 oz E E

Always consult the label for further instructions.

*2(ee) approved for SLF in NJ grapes

E = excellent control
G = good control
F = fair control

Filed Under: Uncategorized, Wine Grape Tagged With: ,
May 13, 2022

Pest Scouting 200-500 GDD – Get sprayers ready for Borers, Scale Crawlers, and other important pests

It’s that time of year again, many scale crawlers and borers will be active over the next few weeks throughout NJ. Be prepared to target specific pest life-stages for the highest level of efficacy per material cost and get those problem insects in check. Application of contact insecticides during specific activity windows for these pests should be coupled with systemic applications now to help protect woody plants later on.

Borers attack stressed plants. If you recently dug then heeled-in trees, transplanted seedlings, or otherwise seriously stressed a tree, please consider taking immediate action to protect them from both adult flights (contact trunk sprays) and future infestations (systemics)   

Please Download these resources: (The scouting guide is for you to print and keep on hand…these are just updates)

Nursery and Landscape Pest Scouting Guide 2022 PDF (note this contains conifer pests as well)

Conifer Pest Scouting Guide 2022 PDF

Contact if seeing insects at different times: twaller@njaes.rutgers.edu (or call the Cumberland County Extension Office – 856-451-2800)

Projected GDD50 accumulation as of 5/13/2022 Note: Growing degree-day values utilize daily average air temperatures with a minimum temperature threshold (a.k.a. ‘base’) of 50F = GDD50 (max. temp. threshold set at 95F). These values are accumulated from a biofix date, such as January or March 1st in the NE USA. Provided GDD50 are scouting ranges and should be truthed.
Region Location Station 13-May 1-Jun 1-Jul
South Upper Deerfield NJ50 297 603 1323
Central Howell / Freehold NJ10 242 508 1160
North High Point NJ59 135 345 867
Forecast: NOAA NCEP Coupled Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) forecast system (3.5 months) (USPEST.ORG)

Refer to this post “Obtaining your local growing degree-days” for additional information 

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Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Turf Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , ,
May 13, 2022

Ideal conditions for wheat quality. What does this mean?

Since last week, the critical period of fifteen to eighteen days for wheat crop grain quality and quantity has been underway in much of south-central New Jersey and Pennsylvania. This period occurs when heads begin to emerge from the flag leaf (flowering) followed by pollination through to dough stage. While we can’t rule out bacterial and pest damage going forward, we can anticipate how fungal pathogens might impair wheat yields by looking back at the weather since the flag leaf emerged and this week’s coming forecast as pollination completes.

Current predictions for the fungal grain pathogen of wheat known as fusariums as of May 13th are low for much of the region with just a few areas along the Delmarva Penninsula considered at high risk. The Fusarium Risk Tool developed by researchers at Ohio State, Penn State, and Kansas States can be found at https://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/

Fusarium’s are naturally occuring fungi in soil that can infect small grain seed heads when conditions are ideal for infection. For high yielding wheat, ideal weather includes humidity in the range of 50 to 60%. Ideal conditions for fusarium risk are when humidity levels rise to 100% and stay there during this critical period of grain development. While they may sporulate at lower temperatures and humidity levels, they rarely mature until humidity climbs above 85%.

Let’s take a look back and see how the weather has favored the winter wheat crop in our area using local conditions for Woodstown, NJ.

Weather May 1 to May 10. Coming into head emergence, the low humidity periods on May 1 (below 40%) for six hours, three hours on May 3 and five hours on May 5 were offset by the number of hours and days above 68% humidity but mostly below 89% humidity except for a high of 93% on May 4. Chances for diseases to sporulate were highest on May 6 through May 8, but humidity levels did not rise above 90% and temperatures were below 60F degrees even dropping into the low 40’s. Yellow rust Puccinia striiformis in particular if present might have sporulated under these conditions. Powdery mildew could also have sporulated as these conditions were in the lower end of it’s ideal range. The key consideration is that sporulating conditions did not remain so for a long period of time on May 9 and May 10 when humidity dropped into the mid to low 20% range and temperatures hovered in the low 70’s, less than ideal for most fungal pathogen development of concern.

To learn more about specific wheat diseases see USDA’s Guide to Wheat Diseases and Pests at https://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/wheatpests.html

Weather May 11 to May 13. Most fields in Salem County are nearly fully headed and shedding pollen with little signs of flag leaf disorders. Other than uneven canopy heights on some poorly drained heavy clay soils, much of the sandier loam fields are sporting a good rating at this time. The critical period for any required fungicide applications is now through the next few days. Humidity levels stayed well below 80% until 11 pm on the 12th but have remained above or near 90% for the last twelve hours.

What’s in store? Today with overcast skies and a steady light rainfall this morning in Woodstown, NJ, the humidity rose into the low 80’s and temperatures hovering around 75F degrees. The forecast for Saturday has humidity at 80 to 88% then dropping on Sunday to below 83% and below 76% on Monday, and below 54% for the rest of the week. All things considered, a good forecast this next week going into a critical period of wheat quality and grain fill.

Keep in mind these observations are under natural conditions and non-irrigated. Those who rely on irrigation and have been using irrigation on winter wheat during flag leaf development must pay particular attention to humidity levels in the wheat canopy, especially when cloud cover and higher air temperature persist for long periods of time.

 

Filed Under: Field, Forage & Livestock, Uncategorized, Vegetable Crops
May 12, 2022

Spring (and Summer) Leaf Spot Diseases in Lawns and Sports Turf.

Spring and early summer bring leaf spot diseases to cool-season grasses in home lawns, parks and grounds, on sports fields, and occasionally on golf courses. These diseases are caused by several fungi in the genera Curvularia, Bipolaris and Drechslera. Every cool-season turfgrass species has at least one leaf spot disease associated with it, but the most common and well researched of the spring leaf spot diseases is Leaf Spot and Melting Out of Kentucky Bluegrass, so it gets the most attention here.

Symptoms and Signs

The causal fungi initially penetrate and infect leaf tissues producing small brown spots. These spots on infected leaves expand and develop dark purplish or reddish-brown oval borders with tan centers. The spots are often described as “football” shaped (Photo 1). Infected leaves yellow as the disease progresses and senesce prematurely. This process can thin turf stands, but most modern turfgrass varieties can tolerate minor infections and the loss of a few leaves, so the thinning is generally minimal (Photo 2).

Photo 1: “Football” shaped leaf lesions on Kentucky bluegrass caused by Drechslera poae. Photo: Sabrina Tirpak, Rutgers PDL

Under ideal conditions for disease development, or with very susceptible cultivars, the crowns and roots of infected plants also become diseased, which results in a brown or black rot of the crown tissue. Once the crown becomes dysfunctional, individual plants begin to fail as temperatures rise and the evapotranspiration demand on the grass increases into the summer months. This usually results in severe thinning of the turf stand and is known as the “melting-out” phase of the disease (Photo 4).

Photo 2: Yellowing and thinning Kentucky bluegrass by Drechslera poae. Photo: Richard J. Buckley, Rutgers PDL

Conidia (asexual spores) produced by the these fungi grow on stalks (conidiophores), are olivaceous (dark), and are shaped like cigars (Photo 3). They are only visible with the aid of a microscope or a high-magnification hand-lens. Trained diagnosticians can determine the genus and species of each leaf spot fungus based on spore germination characteristics as well as the size and shape of the spores.

Photo 3: Conidia of Drechslera siccans on a conidiophore. Photo: Richard J. Buckley, Rutgers PDL

Disease Cycle

The causal fungus of Leaf Spot and Melting Out of Kentucky Bluegrass, Drechslera poae, survives the winter in crowns and roots of infected turfgrass plants and/or on turf debris (thatch). This fungus begins to grow and reproduce during cool, wet weather in late-winter and early-spring beginning in March. Conidia produced by the fungus are splashed by rain or irrigation water to newly emerging grass leaves causing leaf spots. Successive generations of spores and leaf spot symptoms are produced during mid-to-late spring with the highest concentrations of conidia found on leaf litter during May at temperatures between 50 and 65oF. Research suggests that conidial production ceases at temperatures over 68oF. If conditions are favorable for disease development in late-spring, infections of the crowns result in the melting-out phase of the disease by summer. Melting-out causes large areas of previously thinning turfgrass to fail.

Be aware that not all of these closely related pathogens follow the same disease-cycle. Differences among the various causal fungi are generally related to host and the temperature range necessary for disease activity. Table 1. outlines the group.

Disease Typical Host Pathogen Environment
Leaf Spot and Melting Out Kentucky bluegrass Drechslera poae Cool, wet weather in spring
Net Blotch Fescues Drechslera dictyoides Cool, wet weather of late-spring
Brown Blight Perennial ryegrass Drechlsera siccans Cool, wet weather of spring and fall
Red Leaf Spot Bentgrass Drechslera erythrospila Warm, wet weather of summer
Melting Out All cool-season grass Bipolaris sorokiniana Warm, wet weather of summer
Fading Out All cool-season grass Curvularia spp. Warm, wet weather of summer

Cultural Conditions that Favor Disease

Cultural conditions favoring leaf spot disease include: mowing at low cutting heights, light and frequent irrigation cycles, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer applications in early spring. These diseases can also be severe on turfgrasses with nitrogen deficiencies. There is evidence that turf stands (KBG) with excessive thatch accumulations can have more severe disease outcomes. Although many improved cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass have a high degree of leaf spot resistance, other older cultivars—often found in inexpensive seed mixtures or as components in tall fescue sod—are susceptible (Photo 4). These cultivars can sustain severe damage and will suffer recurring disease outbreaks in a single season and over multiple years.

Management

Genetics is everything with leaf spot diseases. The single, most effective cultural practice for preventing severe damage is to plant leaf spot-resistant turfgrass cultivars whenever possible. Lists of leaf spot-resistant grasses can be found on the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program website (NTEP.org). Another important cultural practice is to apply only moderate amounts of nitrogen fertilizer at a time (0.5 lb. nitrogen/1,000 sq. ft.), particularly in the early spring. If higher rates are necessary, using products that are formulated with at least 50% of the available nitrogen in a slow release form are desired to avoid succulent and over-stimulated foliage. Mowing lawns at cutting heights above 2.5 inches during spring may help to reduce the severity of leaf spot and melting-out. If irrigation is required, watering inputs should be made to prevent drought stress and sustain growth, without creating an overly wet canopy. Thatch accumulations should be mechanically removed.

Photo 4: Melting out of Kentucky bluegrass due to Drechslera poae. Note the damage to the older cultivar compared to the improved cultivar. Photo: unknown

Chemical Control

Many fungicides are labeled and efficacious for the control of leaf spot diseases. Timing matters for disease outcomes and preventative fungicide applications provide the best results. Make applications to susceptible grasses in April at the first evidence of leaf infection. Products containing iprodione, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, fluazinam, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, or penthiopyrad have demonstrated good control of leaf spot diseases in University Trials. Be aware that some research trials have shown enhanced leaf spot disease activity with thiophanate-methyl products, even though they are labeled for leaf spot control. For a complete list of labeled materials and their efficacy, see University of Kentucky’s information bulletin:

Chemical Control of Turfgrass Diseases 2020. Bruce B. Clarke, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University; Paul Vincelli, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky; Paul Koch, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Gregg Munshaw, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky.

Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Plant Diagnostic Lab, Turf
May 11, 2022

IPM Update 5/11/22

Sweet Corn

IPM Program personnel are finished deploying black light traps and nearing completion of the corn earworm (CEW) pheromone trap network in New Jersey.    Limited collections from traps thus far have captured one corn earworm (CEW) from Chester in Morris County.  We anticipate only limited CEW and  European corn borer (ECB) moths for the near term, and as numbers increase, look for population maps of ECB, CEW, brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB).  The resulting full-state maps will include interpretive information.

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Filed Under: Organic Production, Vegetable Crops
May 10, 2022

Tree Fruit IPM Report for May 10, 2022

Peach:

Pest Management for blocks with no crop: NJ experienced two periods of cold temperatures in April that adversely affected cropping in tree fruits. We are still evaluating the extent of the losses but as of this writing most growers in the state appear to have a peach crop. Peach blocks that have been found to have no fruit should focus on OFM, borers, and peach scab. The good news is if your orchard is under mating disruption for OFM and/or borers no further management for these pests is needed. If you haven’t utilized mating disruption there is still time to do so, especially for borers. It’s too late to place OFM mating disruption for the first generation, but it still may be useful if the first generation is controlled with insecticides and the ties placed before the second flight begins which should be sometime in June. If no MD is to be used the first and second generation should be treated with the degree day model. Captan should be applied on a 10-14 day schedule through June to suppress peach scab for next season. Apple programs should continue for primary scab and powdery mildew, and iInsecticides should be maintained for plum curculio, european apple sawfly, and first generation codling moth until the crop can be evaluated in June. Pear management is similar to apple except for pear psylla which should be scouted for and treated as needed through the summer. Cherry management will be driven by leaf spot control using effective materials as one would after harvest.

Bacterial Spot: Generally we recommend starting at 0.5 ozs metallic copper and gradually lowering the rate as the season progresses. The rate applied will depend on the formulation. Dr. Lalancette published a chart listing common copper formulations and rates for peach and nectarine applications. Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days. Also avoid acidic spray solutions when applying copper. Dr. Lalancette has published a handy guide for copper applications in early covers. Antibiotics such as Mycoshield or Fireline may also be used and may offer slightly more residual activity during long wetting periods. We have not seen any bacterial spot symptoms statewide as of this writing.

Peach Scab: In addition to Rusty Spot and Bacterial Spot, Peach Scab requires protective applications starting at petal fall. Peach scab cankers (Fig. 2) begin to expand at bloom and by shuck split begin to shed spores during wetting periods. Topsin, Topsin/Captan combinations, Flint Extra, Inspire Super, and especially Quadris Top applied at petal fall are the best materials for blocks that had scab last year. Quadris Top, Flint Extra or Topsin should be used at the high rate to suppress overwintering lesions on the wood. Quadris Top contains azoxystrobin which is phytotoxic to many apple varieties. Phytotoxic residues can remain in the tank for long periods after an application is made, even if a tank cleaner is used. Do not use Quadris Top or Abound in the same sprayer used for apples. Bravo (chlorothalonil) is also a good protectant that may be applied no later than shuck split. Captan is also helpful in cover sprays after shuck split where scab was troublesome last year.

Fig. 2 Peach Scab lesions on peach twig.

 

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/11 in southern counties, and on 4/14 in northern counties. The first insecticides for first generation Oriental Fruit Moth control should be applied at 170-200 degree days base 45 after biofix. This timing generally coincides with petal fall in peaches. Currently we have accumulated 87 Degree days from the biofix. The timing for the first insecticides for OFM are updated below. Growers can use the degree day calculator at NEWA to fine tune these timings. Use the biofix dates above as the start date and base 45 for the degree day model.

OFM 1st Generation Timing
Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days by  4/27 base 45 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 283 1st – past

2nd –5/14-5/15

 1st – past

2nd –5/12-5/14
Middlesex – Northern 231 1st – past

2nd – 5/16-18

 1st – past

2nd –5/14-16

 

Green Peach Aphid: GPA colonies begin forming sometime during bloom. Examine trees for the presence of colonies from pink to shuck split. Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold of 2 colonies/tree at petal fall for peach, and 1 colony/tree for nectarine. The best way to scout for aphids during bloom is with a beating tray. Blossoms may also be collected, opened, and examined for the presence of aphids using a hand lens. This is particularly important for nectarine blocks. Check 10 trees per block with the beating tray. Collect 50 blossoms per block and examine for the presence of aphids. If more than 1 colony of aphids are found in nectarines, or 2-3 colonies are found in peaches, an insecticide for aphids will be needed when all petals are off. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for recommended materials and rates. Aphid colonies are now visible in southern county orchards.

Plum Curculio; Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Plum Curculio start to move into orchards at about 88-100 degree days base 50 after January 1. Applications for PC should be initiated once all petals are off, with a second application made with ovicidal materials at 379-402 DD. Growers can monitor degree day development at their site by finding the nearest weather station and using the degree day development tool at NEWA. Catfacing insects are starting activity but cause little damage at this time of the year. Catfacing insects will become more of an issue as temperatures warm and mowing and other ground cover activities become more common after bloom. Insecticides for catfacing insects are not recommended until after all petals are off. PC damage was seen for the first time this week in southern counties.

Scale Insects: White peach scale (WPS) crawlers are close to emergence in southern counties, probably in about a week to 10 days. No crawlers have been seen as of this writing. San Jose scale (SJS) crawlers usually begin emergence about a week or ten days later, usually late May/Early June. If you have scale infestations on your trees, it is important to note if crawlers are present, even if you treated with oil in the early spring. If crawlers are present then treatment options include Esteem, Movento, Centaur, Venerate, and Diazinon. Esteem, Centaur, Venerate and Movento should be applied at the beginning of crawler emergence. Movento requires a penetrant as per the label. Venerate should be be applied at the low rate of 1 qt/A and may need more than one application. Diazinon is labeled for only one post bloom or foliar application on stone fruit (Rec = max. of 2 lb/acre of the 50W). The apple label allows up to 2 foliar applications per year as long as a prebloom application was not made. Foliar applications may cause russet on apples, but has worked in the field for scale crawlers as long as applications are made 1-2 weeks after the start of crawler emergence and again 2 weeks later. Belay and Assail are also effective against scale crawlers but may need more than one application during the emergence which typically lasts about 4 weeks for WPS and 6 weeks for SJS.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Fire Blight, Apple Scab, Rust diseases, and Powdery Mildew are the main targets at this stage. The NEWA apple scab model is estimating about Primary Scab is over in southern NJ with 100% of cumulative ascospores discharged. Northern counties will have less ascospore maturity. Growers can estimate primary scab development using the NEWA scab tool. Remember to enter your green tip date! Primary apple scab spores are released during any substantial infection period. More information can be found in this blogpost from Penn State. Between tight cluster and first cover include products effective  for powdery mildew and cedar apple rust. To manage Fire Blight in both apples and pears, consider using Kasumin at bloom. Kasumin is an antibiotic like Streptomycin and Oxytetratracycline. It contains Kasugamycin which is a different chemistry. Kasumin is only labeled for bloom and petal fall applications while strep and oxytet are labeled for post bloom use. Using 3 different chemistries in rotation allows for resistance management while extending the protection into the post bloom period when late blossoms typically appear which ever material you use, the addition of Actigard or other plant defense elicitors may improve control.

Rust Diseases: The two most common rust diseases that affect pome fruit are Quince Rust and Cedar Apple Rust. In some years these diseases can be troublesome in commercial orchards. Most disease control programs for scab will also control rust. In organically managed blocks in the east options are limited for approved materials that are effective for rust. Potassium Bicarbonate products have shown good efficacy for rust diseases in trials performed in Virginia. Organic growers should seek out and plant rust resistant cultivars. Cultural controls are not practicable due to the widespread presence of alternate host Junipers both wild and cultivated. Rust disease development on junipers should now be producing large spore releases during wetting periods. See this link for pictures of rust on pome fruit and juniper.

Codling Moth (CM): The first codling moth flight has started. A biofix was set for CM on April 25th in southern counties, and May 6 in Northern counties (Middlesex County). No biofix has yet been set for northern counties.

Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later

 Cyd-X, Madex

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern April 25 5/7 5/12 5/15 Too far off 5/20 5/20 Too far off
Northern May 6 5/14 5/16 5/18 Too far off 5/23 5/23

Rosy Apple Aphid:  If a pre-bloom application was not made, monitor for colonies during bloom and use a treatment threshold of 1 colony/tree at petal fall. Some orchards have colonies that require treatment in southern counties.

Pear Psylla:  Dormant oil applications should have already been started to deter psylla egg laying. At the green cluster stage a pyrethroid is generally included with oil to knock down adults migrating into the orchard.  In lieu of oil, Surround may also be applied starting at swollen bud and continued through petal fall. If using Surround through the bloom period stop at petal fall and switch to applications of 1% summer oil @ 1gal/ac in no less than 150 gals/ac. these should be made at no more than 2 week intervals. At petal fall insecticide options for Psylla control include Actara, Assail, Belay, Movento, Sivanto Prime, and Agri-mek. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for recommended materials and rates.

Pear Diseases:  Include effective materials such as Ziram or EBDC formulations for Pear Scab and Rust diseases beginning at the cluster bud stage. At white bud use products effective for pear scab, rusts, and fabrea leaf spot. For both apples and pears, consider using Kasumin at bloom. Kasumin is an antibiotic like Streptomycin and Oxytetratracycline. It contains Kasugamycin which is a different chemistry. Kasumin is only labeled for bloom and petal fall applications while strep and oxytet are labeled for post bloom use. Using 3 different chemistries in rotation allows for resistance management while extending the protection into the post bloom period when late blossoms typically appear. which ever material you use, the addition of Actigard or other plant defense elicitors may improve control.

Grapes: At the 1″-3″ stage of development the most important diseases to manage are Phomopsis and Powdery Mildew. At 3″ growth start managing for Black Rot and Downy Mildew also. Insect pests to monitor are Grape Flea Beetle, and Climbing Cutworms. Controls for these insects are rarely needed. If control is determined to be necessary, use one of the materials recommended in the New Jersey Commercial Grape Production Guide. Remember that Lorsban has lost all food tolerances and should not be used. SLF nymphs starting hatching in LAte April in southern county vineyards. Nymphs are not a target in the vineyard since they do little damage and will leave sometime in the summer, however growers may wish to control nymphs at the grape berry moth timing by using materials effective for both.

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

Weekending STLM TABM-A CM AM OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/9/2022 2 0 0
4/16/2022 0 2 3
4/23/2022 11 0 0 28 5 0 0
4/30/2022 5 0 1 31 4 0 0
5/7/2022 5 1 3 50 4 0 0

 

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties

Weekending STLM TABM-A CM AM OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/9/2022
4/16/2022 0 0 1
4/23/2022 0 0 2 0
4/30/2022 0 0 2.5 0
5/7/2022 0 1 4 0

 

Pest Event or Growth Stage Approximate Date 2022 Observed Date
 Bud Swell (Redhaven)  March 23 +/- 15 Days March 20
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious March 31 +/- 13 Days March 21
Pink Peach (Redhaven) April 4 +/- 15 Days March 31
Tight Cluster Red Delicious April 9 +/- 13 Days March 31
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven) April 9 +/- 14 Days April 10
Pink Apple (Red Delicious) April 14 +/- 12 Days April 14
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) April 22 +/- 11 Days April 21
Petal Fall (Redhaven) April 22 +/- 10 Days April 14
Petal Fall (Red Delicious) April 27 +/- 13 Days May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven) April 30 +/- 11 Days April 26
Pit Hardening June 15 +/- 9 Days

 

Filed Under: Tree Fruit, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , , , , , , , ,