Rutgers Cooperative Extension
Sweet Corn
European corn borer (ECB) moth catches have increased slightly in central counties but remain at low levels generally throughout the state. At this time, no feeding has been detected.
The highest nightly trap catches of ECB for the week ending 08/31/22 are as follows:
| Pennington 2 | Dayton 1 | Jones Island 1 |
| Allentown 1 | Downer 1 | Matawan 1 |
| Centerton 1 | East Vineland 1 | Oldwick 1 |
| Crosswicks 1 | Georgetown 1 | Princeton 1 |
It’s that time of year again! As we approach fall harvest, one of the busiest and most dangerous seasons of the year for many working in agriculture, we recognize National Farm Safety and Health Week (NFSHW). This year, NFSHW will take place during the week of September 18-24, 2022 with daily topics of interest, listed below. [Read more…]
On August 8th, 2022, The United States 2022 Detections of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Wild Birds reported multiple confirmations of dead black vultures in Sussex County, NJ. Today, August 29, 2022, the media has released information that a hundred dead vultures were found in the vicinity of the Sussex Branch Trail in Lafayette, NJ.
Back-yard producers in Sussex County should review their biosecurity measures to prevent avian influenza from wild birds coming in contact with their flocks.
For more information and who to contact in the NJ Department of Agriculture if you have a death in your poultry flock, see the following post https://plant-pest-advisory.rutgers.edu/poultry-alert-review-implement-biosecurity-measures/
For more information on who to contact in the NJDEP if If multiple birds are found dead in a small area over a short period of time, please contact either 1-877-WARNDEP or Dr. Nicole Lewis (nicole.lewis@dep.nj.gov) for assistance. https://www.nj.gov/dep/fgw/news/2022/04-19_avian_influenza.htm
Upcoming webinars and in person meetings for NJ producers (August 31 and September 26) https://plant-pest-advisory.rutgers.edu/upcoming-sessions-for-backyard-poultry-owners/
Information regarding driving into a quarantine zone in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania currently has a 10 km zone along the PA/NJ border related to this detection. https://plant-pest-advisory.rutgers.edu/driving-into-high-path-avian-influenza-quarantine-zones-in-pa-know-the-rules/
Large crabgrass can form robust root systems thanks to its numerous tillers and capacity to root at stem nodes, allowing it to out-compete crops for moisture and nutrients. Understanding the life cycle and biology of large crabgrass is key to figuring out the best options for its control on your farm. Learn more about non-herbicide life cycle disruptions that can be used in the development of a short and long term management plan through the large crabgrass decision tool fact sheet and an informational video. These resources are one of a five-part weed management series created by Extension Specialist Thierry Besancon and County Agricultural Agent Meredith Melendez, funded by USDA Specialty Crop Block Grant AM190100
. Provide feedback on these resources through an online survey.
Many landscapers are familiar with the larger beneficial insects such as lady beetles, praying mantids, lacewings, and flower flies. Although common, parasitic wasps/flies (parasitoids) are examples of landscape beneficials that are typically less recognized because of their small size, and that magnification is needed for best viewing. Also many parasitoids feed unseen on the interior organs within their hosts. Although the majority of parasitoids are found in the two orders mentioned above (Hymenoptera & Diptera), there are more than 50 families that have been identified. Many of these insects do not have distinctive differences in general appearance & therefore attempting to ID the specific species or even family is not practicable for the landscaper or nursery grower. Learning about & being aware of the activity of these less observed but exceptionally important biological control organisms are photographed & reviewed in this blog.
An apparent parasitoid wasp inadvertently captured on the edge of a yellow sticky trap. Most of these adult wasps are exceptionally small & will often have a constricted waist & beaded antennae. The vast majority of observed landscape parasitoids will be wasp or fly species. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)
Peach:
Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/11 in southern counties, and on 4/14 in northern counties. The third generation timings are are over in all regions. Additional treatments should be made if trap captures are over 6 moths per trap.
| Insecticide Type | |||
| County/Region | Degree Days by 7/28 base 45 | Conventional
2000-2100 2350-2450 |
Diamide
2025–2150 2375-2450 |
| Gloucester – Southern | 2437 | 1st –past
2nd –Past |
1st –past
2nd –past |
| Middlesex – Northern | 2394 | 1st –past
2nd –past |
1st –past
2nd –past |
Apples and Pears:
Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs: Brown Marmorated Stink bugs are present at low to moderate levels in orchards statewide, However Activity is incresing form both Native and Invasive species. BMSB nymphs have also been seen in some orchards. See the NJ Tree Fruit Production guide for effective materials. In addition to the apple materials listed in the guide, Venerate has a +++ rating for stink bugs and a 0 day PHI.
Codling Moth (CM): Timings for the second generation are updated below. A biofix was set for CM on April 25th in southern counties, and May 6 in Northern counties (Middlesex County). Second generation treatments according to the degree day model are now over. Additional treatments should be made if trap captures are over 5 moths/trap. Some orchards have had continuing trap captures above threshold.
| Codling Moth Degree Day Timing | ||||||
| Application and Insecticide Type | ||||||
| County Area | Biofix | Intrepid; Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes:
1150-1200 + 1450-1500 DD
|
Cyd-X, Madex
1250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR) |
Standard Insecticides – Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids
1250 DD + 1550-1600 DD
|
||
| DD | 1150-1200 | 1450-1500 | 1250 | 1250 | 1550-1600 | |
| Southern | April 25 | Past | Past | Past | Past | Past |
| Northern | May 6 | Past | past | Past | Past | Past |
Lesser Appleworm: Some orchards in southern counties have had internal worm damage that we think is Lesser Apple Worm. This sporadic pest sometimes shows up in late summer and fall. The damage is similar to codling moth. Larvae complete their life cycle quickly and often by the time damage is seen the larvae is already gone. Typically LAW will feed in the fruit calyx and not go into the flesh, however they may also feed on fruit flesh excavating a small hole under the skin and occasionally tunneling into the fruit. Control options are the same as for codling moth.
Grape
Bunch Rots: Disease management continues to focus on downy and powdery mildew and also turns to bunch rot management. Refer to the NJ Commercial Grape Production Guide as well as the linked presentation from Dr. Nita in Virginia. Additional information can be found in this linked presentation from Dr. Bryan Hed at Penn Sate.
Grape Berry Moth: The timing for the third generation is past. In some hot summers a fourth generation may occur, however no further treatments should be needed, especially where insecticides are being applied for SLF and SWD.
Drosophilds and Sour Rot: SWD adults are being caught in and around commercial vineyards. As the sugars start to increase in early verities like Chardonnay, be aware of Spotted Wing Drosophila combined with native fruit fly species. These populations increase at this time of year and help spread sour rot. Sour rot will only be present when you also have injured fruit. Fruit splits and various insects can help cause that initial injury. It is thought that the spotted wing drosophila (SWD), because of its saw-like ovipositor, can help cause this initial injury, helping to make the fruit more attractive to native drosophilid species. After injury the fruit serves as a food source for ethanol-producing yeasts and acetic acid producing bacteria, the causal agents of sour rot. This in turn attracts more fruit flies to lay more eggs and spread the decay. Good canopy management for air circulation is useful to reduce sour rot incidence. However, this must be combined with insecticides and antimicrobials. A treatment regime that consists of weekly applications of an insecticide (Mustang Maxx (or other pyrethroid), Malathion, Delegate/Entrust, Verdepryn). Add Oxidate 2.0 if fruit cracking from rain or other causes is observed. Since it is important to rotate insecticide classes when treating this often, growers should use no pyrethroid or other insecticide class more that 2 times in a row. These treatments should be started before the onset of visible sour rot and fruit fly presence.
Spotted Lantern Fly: Spotted lantern fly adults are now appearing in vineyards. At this stage border treatments with effective materials should be adequate since most adults will be found on vineyard edges and populations will be low. As we move into September adult migration will increase and at that point growers should apply materials with long residual efficacy (refer to the table from Penn Sate below. *Chlorpyrifos is no longer labeled for food use.) More information on biology and control can be found from Penn State.
Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties
| Weekending | STLM | TABM-A | CM | BMSB | OFM-A | DWB | OFM-P | TABM-P | LPTB | PTB |
| 4/9/2022 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| 4/16/2022 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
| 4/23/2022 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 4/30/2022 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 31 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5/7/2022 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5/14/2022 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5/21/2022 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 2 | 7 | 3 | |||
| 5/28/2022 | 0 | 19 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 11 | 36 | |||
| 6/4/2022 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 13 | 49 | 0 | ||
| 6/11/2022 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 36 | 0 | 8 | 47 | 3 | |
| 6/18/2022 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 1 | |
| 6/25/2022 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4 |
| 7/2/2022 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4 |
| 7/9/2022 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 15 | 6 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 3 |
| 7/16/2022 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 |
| 7/23/2022 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2 |
| 7/31/2022 | 16 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 3 |
| 8/6/2022 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 31 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 4 |
| 8/13/2022 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 2 | 0 | 41 | 7 |
| 8/20/2022 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 56 | 2 | 2 | 21 | 6 |
Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties
| Weekending | STLM | TABM-A | CM | BMSB | OFM-A | DWB | OFM-P | TABM-P | LPTB | PTB |
| 4/9/2022 | ||||||||||
| 4/16/2022 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||||
| 4/23/2022 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||||
| 4/30/2022 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | ||||||
| 5/7/2022 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | ||||||
| 5/14/2022 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5/21/2022 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 27 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 0 | |
| 5/28/2022 | 34 | 19 | 3 | 6 | 13 | 1 | 23 | 15 | 0 | |
| 6/4/2022 | 17 | 21 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 1 | 27 | 17 | 0 | |
| 6/11/2022 | 22 | 25 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 30 | 9 | 0 | |
| 6/18/2022 | 66 | 20 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 27 | 7 | 0 |
| 6/25/2022 | 58 | 21 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 22 | 4 | 0 |
| 7/2/2022 | 55 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 1 |
| 7/9/2022 | 60 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 20 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| 7/16/2022 | 64 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| 7/23/2022 | 97 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| 7/31/2022 | 46 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 22 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 8/6/2022 | 26 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| 8/13/2022 | 26 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 29 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| 17 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 23 | 28 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
| Pest Event or Growth Stage | Approximate Date | 2022 Observed Date |
| Bud Swell (Redhaven) | March 23 +/- 15 Days | March 20 |
| 1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious | March 31 +/- 13 Days | March 21 |
| Pink Peach (Redhaven) | April 4 +/- 15 Days | March 31 |
| Tight Cluster Red Delicious | April 9 +/- 13 Days | March 31 |
| Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven) | April 9 +/- 14 Days | April 10 |
| Pink Apple (Red Delicious) | April 14 +/- 12 Days | April 14 |
| Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) | April 22 +/- 11 Days | April 21 |
| Petal Fall (Redhaven) | April 22 +/- 10 Days | April 14 |
| Petal Fall (Red Delicious) | April 27 +/- 13 Days | May 3 |
| Shuck Split (Redhaven) | April 30 +/- 11 Days | April 26 |
| Pit Hardening | June 15 +/- 9 Days | June 10 |
