Archives for July 2022

July 14, 2022

July Pest Scouting Nursery, Landscape, and Christmas Trees – Key borer and scale insect control timings

Pest Scouting – Please refer to these documents for a full listing of insects pests for your area corresponding to growing degree-days (GDDs). 

Quick look guides for July (Borers and Scales) and (All other) 

Contact if seeing insects at different times: twaller@njaes.rutgers.edu (or call the Cumberland County Extension Office – 856-451-2800)

The following key groups of pests will be active, vulnerable, or otherwise treatable during the next month throughout most of NJ. Here, scale insects and borers with key life stage events during the 1000-2500 GDD timeframe are discussed. Note there are many other insect pests present this time of year so please view the pest scouting guides above for your particular needs.

Projected GDD50 Accumulation as of July 13 2022 Note: Growing degree-day values utilize daily average air temperatures with a minimum temperature threshold (a.k.a. ‘base’) of 50F = GDD50 (max. temp. threshold set at 95F). These values are accumulated from a biofix date, such as January or March 1st in the NE USA. Provided GDD50 are scouting ranges and should be truthed.
Region Location Station 13-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep
South Upper Deerfield NJ50 1598 2115 2905
Central Howell / Freehold NJ10 1383 1871 2594
North High Point NJ59 1132 1541 2138
Forecast: NOAA NCEP Coupled Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) forecast system (3.5 months) (USPEST.ORG)

Refer to this post “Obtaining your local growing degree-days” for additional information 

BORER Insect Activity for 1000-2500 GDD (~ July)
Crop type Common Name Scientific Name GDD Min (50F) GDD Max (95F) Reference Developmental / Target Stage
Many Roundheaded appletree borer Saperda candida 802 1129 RU Adults
Ash Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis 1000 1200 4 Peak adult activity
Many Roundheaded apple tree borer Saperda candida 1514 1798 5 Typical treatment window
Conifer Nantucket tip moth Rhyacionia frustrana 1514 1917 RU Adults 2nd generation
Maple Sugar maple borer Glycobius speciosus 2032 2375 5 Typical treatment window
Locust Locust borer Magacyllene robiniae 2271 2805 5 Typical treatment window
Poplar and Willow Poplar and willow borer Crytorhynchus lapathi 2271 2806 5 Typical treatment window

Click here – “Identifying Clearwing Moth Borers in Pheromone Traps” or “Differentiating the Common Wood Borers of Ash Trees”

SCALE Insect Activity for 1000 – 2500 GDD (~ July)
Crop type Common Name Scientific Name GDD Min (50F) GDD Max (95F) Reference Developmental / Target Stage
Conifer Cryptomeria scale Aspidiotus cryptomeriae 600 800 3 First crawler emergence
Many White prunicola scale Psedaulacaspis prunicola 707 1151 RU Crawlers (1st generation)
Conifer Juniper scale Carulaspis juniperi 707 1260 RU Crawlers (1st generation)
Many Calico scale Eulecanium cerasorum 714 – 6 Crawlers (1st generation)
Conifer Striped pine scale Toumeyella pini 750 800 4 Egg hatch
Oak, hickory, birch, many Oak leacanium scale Parthenolecanium quercifex 789 – 6 Crawlers (1st generation)
Acer Cottony maple leaf scale Pulvinaria acericola 802 1265 5 Crawlers (1st generation)
Many, shadetrees Cottony maple scale Pulvinaria innumerabilis 802 1265 RU Crawlers (1st generation) – control target
Oaks Golden oak scale Asterolecanium variolosum 802 1266 5 Egg hatch
Maples Japanese maple scale Lopholeucaspis japonica 829 – 6 Crawlers (1st generation)
Elm European elm scale Gossyparia spuria 831 1388 6,2 Crawlers (1st generation)
Shade trees European fruit lecanium scale Parthenolecanium corni 932 1645 6,RU Crawlers  – control target
Conifer Pine tortoise scale Toumeyella parvicornis 1000 1200 4 Egg hatch ends, last of crawlers
Yew, many conifers Fletcher Scale (Yew) Parthenolecanium fletcheri 1029 1388 RU Crawlers (1st generation) – control target
Many Indian wax scale Ceroplastes ceriferus 1145 – 6 Crawlers (1st generation)
Euonymus Euonymus Scale Unaspis euonymil 1150 1388 5 2nd generation targeted treatments
Shade trees European fruit lecanium scale Parthenolecanium corni 1266 1645 5 Crawlers
Conifer Pine Needle Scale Chionaspis pinifoliae 1290 1917 3 Crawlers emerge (2nd generation) – control target
Conifer Hemlock scale Abgrallaspis ithacae 1388 2154 5 Typical treatment window
Malus, Prunus, many Peachtree borer Synanthedon sp. 1500 1800 RU Larvae Treatment
Many White prunicola scale Pseudaulacaspis prunicola 1637 – 6 Egg hatch / crawler (2nd generation)
Euonymus Euonymus Scale Unaspis euonymil 1700 – RU Continued 2nd generation treatments
Conifer Cryptomeria scale Aspidiotus cryptomeriae 1750 2130 RU, 4 Crawlers emerge (2nd generation)
Many Obscure scale Melanaspis obscura 1774 – 6 Egg hatch / crawler
Conifer Maskell scale lepidosaphes pallia 2035 – 6 Egg hatch / crawler (2nd generation)
Mainly Tulip Tulip tree scale Toumeyella liriodendri 2037 2629 RU Crawlers (1st generation)
Mainly Magnolia Magnolia scale Neolecanium cornuparvum 2155 2800 RU Crawlers (1st generation)
Maple Japanese maple scale Lopholeucaspis japonica 2508 – 6 Egg hatch / crawler (2nd generation)
Conifer Elongate hemlock scale Fiorinia externa 2515 2625 RU Typical treatment window – fall activity
Yew, many conifers Fletcher Scale (Yew) Parthenolecanium fletcheri 2515 2800 RU Fall control of overwintering stage

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Turf, Uncategorized Tagged With: , , , , , , , ,
July 14, 2022

Diagnosing important diseases in Pepper – Reference Guide

Phytophthora blight causing plants to wilt and die Phytophthora blight – crown rot Phytophthora crown rot. Note the blackish-brown necrotic tissue at base of the stem
Phytophthora sporulating on infected bell pepper fruit. Phytophthora fruit rot (L) and Pythium blight (R) Symptoms of Phytophthora blight on infected leaves. Under ideal conditions leaf infections can occur.
Anthracnose fruit rot Anthracnose fruit rot. Note the salmon colored spores being produced in the lesion of the lesion. Sunscald on pepper fruit (L) and Anthracnose fruit rot (R)
Bacterial leaf spot on leaves Bacterial leaf spot. Note the infected leaves falling off of plant. Bacterial leaf spot infection of pepper fruit. Note the irregular raised scabby spots on fruit.
Southern blight on infected stem. Note the numerous small fruiting bodies (sclerotia) developing on the stem White mold infecting pepper stem. Infected stems come brittle and hollow White mold sclerotia present on inside of infected stem
Blossom end rot Cucumber Mosaic Virus Cyclamen mite feeding injury. Symptoms resemble virus infection
Others:
Mefenoxam injury on a young pepper transplant Sunscald on stems of pepper recently transplanted into black plastic mulch. Cyclamen mite damage on immature pepper fruit
“Silvering” on mature bell pepper fruit. “Silvering” on the right and thrips feeding injury on the Left Edema on pepper fruit

Andy Wyenandt, Wesley Kline, and Kris Holmstrom

Filed Under: Vegetable Crops Tagged With:
July 13, 2022

Vegetable IPM Update 07/13/22

Sweet Corn

European corn borer (ECB) moth catches continue to be extremely low around the state.   We are in between adult generations at this time.  ECB population maps will resume if second flight catches rise to high enough numbers.

The highest nightly trap catches of ECB for the week ending 07/13/22 are as follows:

Hillsborough   1 Port Murray   1
Milford   1 Sergeantsville   1
Milltown   1 South Branch   1
Oldwick   1

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Organic Production, Vegetable Crops
July 13, 2022

Collar Rot and Alternaria Stem Rot of Tomato

Collar rot (Alternaria linariae) or Alternaria stem rot (Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici) of tomato are common in young tomato plants. Either can be particularly troublesome in seedlings that have been held in transplant flats for an extended period of time before transplanting in hot, humid greenhouses. Collar rot infections often start where a leaflet branch has been broken or pruned which allows a point of infection. Symptoms of Alternaria stem rot include brown circular to irregular lesions on stems with definitive concentric black rings (very similar to Early blight on infected leaves). Symptoms of Collar rot are similar and may or may not produce concentric black rings. Infections that start in the greenhouse may lead to losses in the field as stems become girdled causing the plant or branches to wilt and die. Most commercial tomato varieties have resistance to Alternaria stem rot. While resistance is lacking to Collar rot, growers should chose varieties with Early blight resistance. Fungicides used to control Early blight are also effective against Collar rot.

Symptoms of Collar rot in young tomato

 

 

Filed Under: Vegetable Crops Tagged With: ,
July 12, 2022

Diagnosing leaf diseases in sweet (and field) corn in the mid-Atlantic region

Dr. Alyssa Koehler, Field Crops Pathologist from the University of Delaware, recently posted a great diagnostic guide for important fungal leaf diseases in corn. Click here for more information. If you want to follow what is going on in Delaware you can sign up for their Weekly Crop Update by clicking here.

 

Filed Under: Vegetable Crops Tagged With: ,
July 11, 2022

Vegetable Disease Update: 07-11-22

  • White mold has been reported in tomato and Southern blight in pepper in southern new Jersey this past week. Click here for more information.
  • Early blight is being reported in tomato.
  • Rhizoctonia root rot has been reported in summer squash. Click here for more information.
  • Powdery mildew has been reported in cucurbit crops. For more information on the control of CPM please click here.
  • Cucurbit downy mildew has been reported on cucumber in southern and central New Jersey and Eastern PA. For more information on CDM control please click here.
  • Bacterial leaf spot has been reported in pepper. More more information on BLS control please click here.
  • Bacterial canker has been reported in tomato. For more information on diagnosing important tomato diseases please click here.
  • Early blight has been reported on potato.
  • Phytophthora blight has been reported on pepper. For more information please click here.
  • Dickeya dianthicola has been reported in potato in Virginia and Massachusetts.
  • The 2022/2023 Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations Guide is available for free online or for sale in hardcopy form at many County offices.
  • For a quick review on managing fungicide resistance development using tank mixes and fungicide rotations, and information on FRAC group 4, FRAC group 7, and FRAC group 3 and FRAC group 11 fungicides please click on hyperlinks.
Filed Under: Vegetable Crops Tagged With: , , ,