Basil downy mildew has been confirmed in field grown basil in southern New Jersey. This is the first confirmed report of BDM in the state this growing season. To date, there have been very few reports of BDM in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions this growing season. The extremely, hot dry weather these past three to four weeks have not been ideal for its development. However, all basil growers are encouraged to scout their fields or greenhouses on a daily basis and should consider initiating a preventative fungicide program. [Read more…]
Archives for July 2022
July 29, 2022 Andy Wyenandt
Vegetable Disease Update: 07-29-22
- Basil downy mildew has been confirmed in New Jersey. All basil growers are encouraged to scout on a daily basis. To track and report BDM occurrence please click here. For information on the control of BDM in the greenhouse or the field please click on the hyperlinks.
- Cucurbit downy mildew has been reported ONLY on cucumber in southern, central, and northern New Jersey. For more information on CDM control please click here. To follow the progress of CDM in the US please click here.
- Bacterial leaf spot has been reported in pepper. More more information on BLS control please click here.
- Phomopsis leaf blight has been reported in annual strawberry. For more information please see this Extension publication by Louws et al. at NCSU.
- Collar rot has been reported in tomato. Please click here for more information.
- There have been no reports of Late blight in potato or tomato in the region to date. To follow the progress of Late blight in the US please click here.
- Rhizoctonia root rot has been reported in summer squash. Click here for more information.
- White mold has been reported in tomato and Southern blight in pepper in southern new Jersey this past week. Click here for more information.
- Powdery mildew has been reported in cucurbit crops. For more information on the control of CPM please click here.
- Bacterial canker has been reported in tomato. For more information on diagnosing important tomato diseases please click here.
- Phytophthora blight has been reported on pepper. For more information please click here.
- The 2022/2023 Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations Guide is available for free online or for sale in hardcopy form at many County offices.
- For a quick review on managing fungicide resistance development using tank mixes and fungicide rotations, and information on FRAC group 4, FRAC group 7, and FRAC group 3 and FRAC group 11 fungicides please click on hyperlinks.
July 28, 2022 Kris Holmstrom and Joe Ingerson-Mahar
Special IPM Update – Fall Armyworm Alert
Sweet Corn – Fall Armyworm
As of Wednesday (7/27) evening, significant fall armyworm (FAW) infestations were found in whorl stage sweet corn in Cape May County. These infestations were nearing 50% of plants infested, and are an indication that all sweet corn growers in southern NJ should be checking fields regularly for signs of FAW feeding. This pest often hits earliest and hardest in coastal areas, and new infestations have been detected up the coast to Monmouth County. Northern infestations have been much lower, and very recent.
Look for extensive foliar feeding in sweet corn ranging from seedling to pre-tassel stage. FAW create large volumes of droppings that often cover larvae while feeding in the whorl. Untreated infestations can result in severely stunted plants. Consider treating when FAW feeding alone, or in combination with European corn borer exceeds 12%. Insecticides in the IRAC 28 class (diamides) and IRAC 5 class (spinosyns) work well against FAW.
July 27, 2022 Kris Holmstrom and Joe Ingerson-Mahar
Vegetable IPM Update 07/27/22
Sweet Corn
European corn borer (ECB) moth catches continue to be extremely low around the state, although there has been some increase in adults in southern traps. ECB population maps will resume if second flight catches rise to high enough numbers.
The highest nightly trap catches of ECB for the week ending 07/27/22 are as follows:
| Allentown 1 | Jones Island 1 | Oldwick 1 |
| Eldora 1 | Medford 1 | Tabernacle 1 |
| Elm 1 | Milltown 1 | |
| Georgetown 1 | New Egypt 1 |
July 27, 2022 Dave Schmitt
Tree Fruit IPM Report for July 28, 2022
Peach:
Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/11 in southern counties, and on 4/14 in northern counties. The third generation timings are updated below.
| Insecticide Type | |||
| County/Region | Degree Days by 7/28 base 45 | Conventional
2000-2100 2350-2450 |
Diamide
2025–2150 2375-2450 |
| Gloucester – Southern | 2437 | 1st –past
2nd –7/26-7/28 |
1st –past
2nd –7/26-7/28 |
| Middlesex – Northern | 2394 | 1st –past
2nd –7/27-7/30 |
1st –past
2nd –7/27-7/30 |
Japanese Beetles: Japanese beetles have emerged and have been observed in some orchards. Products containing imidacloprid (Admire Pro, Leverage, etc.) are effective and have a short preharvest interval. Danitol is also very effective. and See the Tree Fruit Production guide for more information.
Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Catfacing insect activity is increasing with the arrival of hot weather and is present at moderate to high levels in some orchards.
Scale Insects: Second generation crawler emergence has started for both San Jose and White Peach scale and will last well into August. White Peach scale has a third generation in September and San Jose scale may have a third generation in October. Esteem and Centaur are both good scale materials. Esteem and Centaur should be applied at the start of crawler emergence. These materials should only need one application. Other options include: Assail, Belay, Actara (Group 4A): Closer (Group 4C); Sivanto (Group 4D) and the bioinsecticide Venerate. These products may need more than one application, typically 2 applications bracketing peak crawler emergence which should occur between the first and third week of August. Only Venerate has a 0 day PHI, making it useful for blocks near or at harvest. Diazinon is also still labelled for peach and apple: for San Jose Scale, it is labeled at a rate of 1#/100 with a 21 day PHI for both peach and apple; for White Peach Scale it is labeled at a rate of 1.5-2#/100 for post-harvest application only. The label requires 14 days between applications. These products may need more than one application, typically 2 applications bracketing peak crawler emergence which should occur between the first and third week of August.
Apples and Pears:
Diseases: Summer scab, rots and sooty blotch and fly speck are the main targets at this stage. Where scab is present rely primarily on protectant fungicides. Last year Captan plus a phosphorous acid like Prophyt was observed to slow scab development as well as provide good summer disease control. Bitter Rot symptoms are now appearing in susceptible varieties.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs: Brown Marmorated Stink bugs are present at low to moderate levels in orchards statewide. See the NJ Tree Fruit Production guide for effective materials.
Codling Moth (CM): Timings for the second generation are updated below. A biofix was set for CM on April 25th in southern counties, and May 6 in Northern counties (Middlesex County). Estimated timings for the second generation are updated below.
| Codling Moth Degree Day Timing | ||||||
| Application and Insecticide Type | ||||||
| County Area | Biofix | Intrepid; Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes:
1150-1200 + 1450-1500 DD
|
Cyd-X, Madex
1250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR) |
Standard Insecticides – Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids
1250 DD + 1550-1600 DD
|
||
| DD | 1150-1200 | 1450-1500 | 1250 | 1250 | 1550-1600 | |
| Southern | April 25 | Past | Past | Past | Past | Past |
| Northern | May 6 | Past | past | Past | Past | Past |
Scale Insects: For San Jose scale see the peach section above.
Grape
Bunch Rots: Grapes are beginning veraison in southern counties. Disease management continues to focus on downy and powdery mildew and and now also turns to bunch rot management. Refer to the NJ Commercial Grape Production Guide as well as the linked presentation from Dr. Nita in Virginia.
Grape Berry Moth: The next timing for Grape Berry Moth will be on or about 7/24 for Intrpeid or Diamides, or a few days later for other insecticides.
Japanese Beetles: Japanese beetle pressure is high compared to other years. Many insecticides are effective for JB. See the NJ Commercial Grape Production Guide for more information.
Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties
| Weekending | STLM | TABM-A | CM | BMSB | OFM-A | DWB | OFM-P | TABM-P | LPTB | PTB |
| 4/9/2022 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| 4/16/2022 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
| 4/23/2022 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 4/30/2022 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 31 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5/7/2022 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5/14/2022 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5/21/2022 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 2 | 7 | 3 | |||
| 5/28/2022 | 0 | 19 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 11 | 36 | |||
| 6/4/2022 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 13 | 49 | 0 | ||
| 6/11/2022 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 36 | 0 | 8 | 47 | 3 | |
| 6/18/2022 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 1 | |
| 6/25/2022 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4 |
| 7/2/2022 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4 |
| 7/9/2022 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 15 | 6 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 3 |
| 7/16/2022 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 |
| 7/23/2022 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2 |
Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties
| Weekending | STLM | TABM-A | CM | BMSB | OFM-A | DWB | OFM-P | TABM-P | LPTB | PTB |
| 4/9/2022 | ||||||||||
| 4/16/2022 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |||||||
| 4/23/2022 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||||
| 4/30/2022 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | ||||||
| 5/7/2022 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | ||||||
| 5/14/2022 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 5/21/2022 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 27 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 0 | |
| 5/28/2022 | 34 | 19 | 3 | 6 | 13 | 1 | 23 | 15 | 0 | |
| 6/4/2022 | 17 | 21 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 1 | 27 | 17 | 0 | |
| 6/11/2022 | 22 | 25 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 30 | 9 | 0 | |
| 6/18/2022 | 66 | 20 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 27 | 7 | 0 |
| 6/25/2022 | 58 | 21 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 22 | 4 | 0 |
| 7/2/2022 | 55 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 1 |
| 7/9/2022 | 60 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 20 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| 7/16/2022 | 64 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 19 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| 7/23/2022 | 97 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Pest Event or Growth Stage | Approximate Date | 2022 Observed Date |
| Bud Swell (Redhaven) | March 23 +/- 15 Days | March 20 |
| 1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious | March 31 +/- 13 Days | March 21 |
| Pink Peach (Redhaven) | April 4 +/- 15 Days | March 31 |
| Tight Cluster Red Delicious | April 9 +/- 13 Days | March 31 |
| Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven) | April 9 +/- 14 Days | April 10 |
| Pink Apple (Red Delicious) | April 14 +/- 12 Days | April 14 |
| Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) | April 22 +/- 11 Days | April 21 |
| Petal Fall (Redhaven) | April 22 +/- 10 Days | April 14 |
| Petal Fall (Red Delicious) | April 27 +/- 13 Days | May 3 |
| Shuck Split (Redhaven) | April 30 +/- 11 Days | April 26 |
| Pit Hardening | June 15 +/- 9 Days | June 10 |
July 27, 2022 Melissa Bravo
Drought driven cow culling. Opportunity for replacement heifers in 2023?
The July 1, 2022, beef cow inventory compiled by USDA NASS indicates the national beef replacement heifer inventory is below 5 million head. Unprecedented cow culling is occurring in the southwest due to the ongoing drought conditions. To put that in perspective, the United States has not seen numbers this low since 1972 and 1973 when the national beef replacement heifer inventory hovered around 7 million head. Even in 1965, beef cattle replacement heifer inventories were above 5 million head nationally.
New Jersey reported 5,000 head of beef cattle replacements in 1973 and only 2,500 head in 2019. With all cattle and calve numbers in 2020 reported at 28,000 head down 2,000 head from 2019, it is probable that state raised beef heifer replacement numbers are below 5,000 head going into the fall of 2022.
What is more contrasting compared to 1973 is the difference in calf crops. In 1973, the national calf crop was estimated at 50 million head. Going into summer of 2022 the calf crop is estimated at 25 million head. With an estimated 5,000 of these 500 lb calves or less in weight coming from New Jersey and only half assumed to be heifers, these heifers have considerable value beyond the feedlot, if they have brood cow qualities. Maintaining those selected for replacement herd purposes requires considerable attention to body conditioning to grow a weaned heifer to be bred at 15 months to meet industry replacement standards.
To learn more about raising replacement heifers contact Melissa Bravo for a copy of ‘A Checklist For Calving Success. A first-time heifer is a long-term investment.’
What are replacement heifers worth? The USDA AMS Show-Me-Select Special – Carthage, MO Livestock, Poultry, & Grain May 2022 report is a good example of the criteria that brings $1450.00 to $3,100 bred replacement heifer sale prices. Remember, these heifers were born, weaned, and fed through 15 months of age on 2019 (conception), 2020 (birth year), 2021 (breeding year) feed prices.
- All met minimum standards for reproductive soundness, pelvic size, body condition and weight.
- All immunized including Brucellosis calf-hood vaccination and tested negative for PI BVD.
- Heifers bred to bulls meeting strict calving ease or birth weight EPD’s.
- Many were synchronized and artificially bred.
- Projected calving dates were given.
- All heifers pregnancy checked within 30 days of sale.
- Sale animals screened for blemishes, muscle, frame and body condition score, and disposition.
- Heifers sorted and sold according to calving dates and similar body types.
- The average price per head was $1913.00. The highest selling lot brought $3100.00 per head.
- The A.I. bred heifers brought $141.00 more than natural bred heifers.
- About 40% of the heifers were black, 30% black, white-face, and 30% red.
Salem County Producers: If you would like to host a calf crop evaluation pasture walk for replacement heifer qualities, contact Melissa Bravo at the Salem County Extension Office.
