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April 26, 2021

Landscape Pest Notes: Some Mid-Spring Insects/Mites

As we enter the last week of April, many of our mid-spring landscape insect/mite pests continue to awaken & cause feeding symptoms on our ornamentals. This blog only talks over some of the typical mid-spring pests that plague our landscapes. Those discussed within include: Southern Red Spider Mites; Gypsy Moths; Evergreen Lace Bugs (e.g., rhododendron, azalea, & andromeda lace bugs); Nantucket Pine Tip Moth; Birch Leaf Miner; Hemlock Woolly Adelgid; Plant Leaf Galls (eriophyid mites).

Mid-Spring weeks have arrived & shade trees like this green ash have begun leaf expansion. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Plant Diagnostic Lab
April 26, 2021

Tree Fruit IPM Report for 4/27/21

Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: First generation timings are updated below: Growers that have utilized mating disruption for OFM can focus on PC; GPA; and catfacing insect pests as described below. If you have not placed mating disruption dispensers yet they can still be deployed for later generations, but this generation must be treated with insecticides at the first generation timings. [Read more…]

Filed Under: Fruit, Tree Fruit Tagged With: , , , , , , , ,
March 22, 2021

Nursery Pest Scouting Guide: 25-60 Growing Degree-days (Southern NJ will hit approx. 45 GDD by Friday)

Please print or download the two resources of this post (click on them): 

The information provided in the downloads gives early season scouting ranges (in growing degree days, base 50F) for specific insect pests harming nursery crop production and maintenance. Additionally, forecasting predictions (GDD50 accumulation) for calendar dates of multiple regions of New Jersey (S,N,C) are provided.

To determine your local growing degree-days, please review this post “Obtaining your local growing degree-day information”

Scouting Ranges:

  • This document supports scouting, it does not replace it. Keeping good notes on pest development will help dial in scouting and treatment efforts at your local level.
  • It is important to note that these GDD50 are not exact, rather provide a range of GDD and subsequent calendar dates that can be used to scout for, and treat for, insect pests.
  • The pests listed here will be listed again in future scouting range announcements as they undergo further developmental life stages or are vulnerable to management options.
  • If you need more information, OR you are regularly seeing specific pest development stages at growing degree-days different than those listed here, please contact Tim Waller at twaller@njaes.rutgers.edu

 

Projected GDD50 accumulation as of
NJ – Region Location March 1st April 1st May 1st June 1st July 1st
Southern Upper Deerfield (NJ50) 0 48 157 564 1241
Central Howell / Freehold (NJ10) 0 26 107 455 1076
Northern High Point (NJ59) 0 5 11 224 676
Forecast: NOAA NCEP Coupled Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) forecast system (3.5 months) (USPEST.ORG)

 

Pest Scouting – Growing Degree-day Ranges  (25-60 GDD50) 
CROP TYPE Common Name Scientific Name GDD Min (50F) GDD Max (95F) Reference Developmental / Target Stage
Conifer Eastern spruce gall adelgid Adelges abietis 25 100 3 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer Northern pine weevil Pissodes approximatus 25 100 4 1st adults active
Conifer Zimmerman pine moth Dioryctria zimmermani 25 100 3 1st larvae active
Conifer Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 25 120 3 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer White pine weevil Pissodes strobi 25 220 4 1st adults active
Shade trees European fruit lecanium Parthenolecanium corni 35 145 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Many, evergreen Euonymus scale Unaspis euonymi 35 120 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer 35 145 1 Hatched larvae
Conifer Fletcher scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri 35 148 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer European pine shoot moth / borer Rhyacionia buoiana 50 220 4 1st larvae active
Maples Maple bladdergall mite Vasates quadripedes 58 148 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Honeylocust Honeylocust plant bug Diaphnocoris chlorionis 58 246 2 Nympths / adults active
Conifer Pine tortoise scale Toumeyela parvicornis 58 148 2 Cralwer activity
Conifer Pine bark adelgid Pineus strobi 58 618 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer Balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus 60 100 4 Egg hatch
References RU Rutgers Cooperative Extension – IPM Notes
2 http://ccetompkins.org/resources/using-growing-degree-days-for-insect-management
3 https://extension.psu.edu/ipm-basics-for-christmas-trees#section-2
4 https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/agriculture/christmas_trees/gdd_of_conifer_insects
5 https://www.agriculture.nh.gov/publications-forms/documents/landscape-pests.pdf
6 https://extension.umd.edu/ipm/pest-predictive-calendar-landscapenursery

 

(Please note: we will be providing pest GDD ranges regularly throughout the season for our green industries)

 

Important notes about growing degree-day models:

  1. These models do not replace scouting. They should guide scouting efforts and pest management programs, once the vulnerable life stage or economic threshold of a pest is recorded. Observations at a local level for specific pests is critical to IPM efforts and further refinement of degree-day-based predictions.
  2. GDD50 values for pest development are not exact, rather they should be viewed as a range. 
  3. The growing degree-day model (GDD50) is general by design. Some insect pests have specific formulas for their growth and development (some examples here). However, the GDD50 model is useful for many pests and plant species.
  4. Many GDD50 target values were developed in other parts of the country and should be ‘ground truthed’ at a local level. Blind applications of pesticides, without truthing pest development, may not deliver desired outcomes.
Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Turf
March 18, 2021

Early Season Conifer and Christmas Tree Pest Scouting List Using Growing Degree-days (base 50F)

Please print or download the two resources of this post (click on them): 

The information provided in the downloads gives early season scouting ranges (in growing degree days, base 50F) for specific insect pests harming conifer and Christmas tree production and maintenance. Additionally, forecasting predictions (GDD50 accumulation) for calendar dates of multiple regions of New Jersey (S,N,C) are provided.

To determine your local growing degree-days, please review this post “Obtaining your local growing degree-day information”

Scouting Ranges:

  • This document supports scouting, it does not replace it. Keeping good notes on pest development will help dial in scouting and treatment efforts at your local level.
  • It is important to note that these GDD50 are not exact, rather provide a range of GDD and subsequent calendar dates that can be used to scout for, and treat for, insect pests.
  • The pests listed here will be listed again in future scouting range announcements as they undergo further developmental life stages or are vulnerable to management options.
  • If you need more information, OR you are regularly seeing specific pest development stages at growing degree-days different than those listed here, please contact Tim Waller at twaller@njaes.rutgers.edu

 

Projected GDD50 accumulation as of
NJ Region Location March 1st April 1st May 1st June 1st July 1st
Southern Upper Deerfield (NJ50) 0 24 133 540 1217
Central Howell / Freehold (NJ10) 0 14 95 443 1064
Northern High Point (NJ59) 0 1 7 220 672
Forecast: NOAA NCEP Coupled Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) forecast system (3.5 months) (USPEST.ORG)

 

Early Season Conifer Pest Scouting – Growing Degree-day Ranges Starting (0-300 GDD50)
Common Name Scientific Name GDD Min (50F) GDD Max (95F) Reference Developmental / Target Stage
Conifer rust mites Eriophyidae 7 22 4 Overwintering eggs hatch
Eastern pine weevil Pissodes nemorensis 7 58 RU Overwintering adults become active / prevent egg laying
Taxus mealybug Dysmicoccus wistariae 7 91 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Cottony taxus scale Pulvinaria floccifera 7 91 6 Spring control of overwintering stage
Elongate hemlock scale Fiorinia externa 7 120 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis 7 121 RU Overwintering eggs hatch
Pales weevil Hylobius pales 7 121 RU Overwintering adults become active / prevent egg laying
White pine aphid Cinara strobi 22 91 RU Spring control of overwintering stage
Pine bark adelgid Pineus strobi 22 58 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Spruce bud scale Physokermes piceae 22 120 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Juniper scale Carulaspis juniperi 22 148 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Eastern spruce gall adelgid Adelges abietis 25 100 3 spring control of overwintering stage
Northern pine weevil Pissodes approximatus 25 100 4 1st adults active
Zimmerman pine moth Dioryctria zimmermani 25 100 3 1st larvae active
Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 25 120 3 Spring control of overwintering stage
White pine weevil Pissodes strobi 25 220 4 1st adults active
European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer 35 145 1 Spring control of overwintering stage
Fletcher scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri 35 148 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
European pine shoot moth / borer Rhyacionia buoiana 50 220 4 1st larvae active
Pine tortoise scale Toumeyela parvicornis 58 148 2 Cralwer activity
Pine bark adelgid Pineus strobi 58 618 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus 60 100 4 Egg hatch
Eastern pine shoot borer Eucosma gloriola 75 200 4 1st adults active
Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 90 180 4 1st adults active – Douglas fir
Balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus 100 150 4 Stem mothers present (control target)
Pine engraver (Ips bark beetle) Ips spp. 100 150 4 1st adults active
European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer 100 195 4 1st larvae active
Larch casebearer Coleophora laricella 120 150 4 Egg hatch
Nantucket pine tip moth Rhyacionia frustrana 121 448 RU 1st generation egg hatch
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar 145 200 4 Egg hatch, 1st larvae
Spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis 150 175 4 1st egg hatch
Spruce needleminer Endothenia albolineana 150 200 4 1st larvae active
Balsam gall midge Paradiplosis tumifex 150 300 4 Adults laying eggs
Spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana 200 300 4 1st larvae active
Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 200 310 4 1st galls visible – Spruce
Arborvitae leafminer Argyresthia thuiella 245 360 4 Larvae in mines; 1st generation
Eastern spruce gall adelgid Adelges abietis 250 310 4 Egg hatch, galls begin forming
Pine needle scale Chionaspis pinifoliae 298 448 4 1st generation egg hatch
Pine root collar weevil Hylobius radicis 300 350 4 1st adults active
Turpentine beetle Dendroctonus terebrans 300 350 4 Parent beetles colonizing brood material
References RU Rutgers Cooperative Extension – IPM Notes
2 http://ccetompkins.org/resources/using-growing-degree-days-for-insect-management
3 https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/agriculture/christmas_trees/gdd_of_conifer_insects
4 https://extension.psu.edu/ipm-basics-for-christmas-trees#section-2
5 https://www.agriculture.nh.gov/publications-forms/documents/landscape-pests.pdf
6 https://extension.umd.edu/ipm/pest-predictive-calendar-landscapenursery

(Please note: we will be providing pest GDD ranges regularly throughout the season for our green industries)

 

Important notes about growing degree-day models:

  1. These models do not replace scouting. They should guide scouting efforts and pest management programs, once the vulnerable life stage or economic threshold of a pest is recorded. Observations at a local level for specific pests is critical to IPM efforts and further refinement of degree-day-based predictions.
  2. GDD50 values for pest development are not exact, rather they should be viewed as a range. 
  3. The growing degree-day model (GDD50) is general by design. Some insect pests have specific formulas for their growth and development (some examples here). However, the GDD50 model is useful for many pests and plant species.
  4. Many GDD50 target values were developed in other parts of the country and should be ‘ground truthed’ at a local level. Blind applications of pesticides, without truthing pest development, may not deliver desired outcomes.

 

Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Turf Tagged With: , , , , , ,
March 15, 2021

Accurately Timing Scouting by Using Plant Phenological Indicators

Challenges of Pest Controls

Accurately timing a control tactic against the most vulnerable stage of an insect’s development allows for the use of biorational pesticides as well as less use of traditional pesticides. Unfortunately, accurately timing controls is difficult because of the complex array of landscape plants and pests that can be present on any one site. IPM methods require knowledge of the pest’s life cycle stages and when the vulnerable stage occurs for each pest. It requires knowledge of what pesticides will suppress the pest as well as their relative toxicities. This extensive amount of information can become overwhelming, especially to the less experienced landscaper or arborist.

Some landscape managers often resign to the easy, yet environmentally unsound practice of using four or more preventative cover sprays of pesticides each year. Studies have shown that typically only 2% of a blanket spray actually hits a targeted pest, with the remaining 98% contaminating the surrounding environment. Is there another way that pesticides can be applied more intelligently?

Infected white oak tree

Farmers know that when White Oak leaves are the size of a squirrel’s ear, THEN…. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)

Sowing corn in a field

….THEN, =It is time to Sow Corn into the planting fields. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Plant Diagnostic Lab
September 1, 2020

Fruit IPM for September 2, 2020

Peach:

Peachtree Borers: The peachtree borer flight has peaked and most of the eggs have been laid and larvae emerged. [Read more…]

Filed Under: Blueberry, Fruit, Tree Fruit, Wine Grape