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May 10, 2021

Tree Fruit IPM Report for 5/11/21

Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: First generation timings are updated below: Growers that have utilized mating disruption for OFM can focus on PC; GPA; and catfacing insect pests as described below. If you have not placed mating disruption dispensers yet they can still be deployed for later generations, but this generation must be treated with insecticides at the first generation timings.

 

OFM 1st Generation Timing
Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days by  5/10 base 45 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 384 1st – past

2nd – past

 1st – past

2nd – past
Hunterdon – Northern 307 1st – past

2nd – May 14-15

 1st – past

2nd – May 9-12

 

Plum Curculio (PC): PC activity usually peaks about mid-May and may linger into early June. Preferred materials that offer PC control now are Avaunt, and Imidan. If using high rates of a neonicotinoid (i.e. Actara, Belay, Assail), be aware that there is a synergistic effect when used in tank mixes with DMI materials (i.e. Rally) with regard to bee toxicity. Neonicotinoids should not be used if there are any flowering weeds in your orchard. Those flowering weeds will attract bees, which will be killed by the insecticide. The use of most of these products when bees are present is off label and therefore not legal. If pyrethroids are being used, then high rates are advisable, since low rates often do not control PC, especially in hot weather. Where PC is a problem, growers should rotate away from pyrethroid insecticides if possible. Actara and Belay will also control PC (and GPA), but not OFM.

Green Peach Aphids (GPA): Green Peach Aphid: GPA colonies remain at very low levels in southern counties, and are well below treatment thresholds. If aphids are at treatment level, you have and your ground cover is clean of blooming weeds, a good choice that will cover catfacing insects, aphids, and plum curculio is Thiamethoxam (Actara and in VoliamFlexi). Actara will not control OFM. Examine trees for the presence of colonies by standing back and looking at the entire tree. Clusters of curled leaves will define a single colony. Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold of 2 colonies/tree at petal fall to shuck split for peach, and 1 colony/tree for nectarine. If treating aphids alone then Movento @ 6 oz/A is a good non-neonicotinoid choice. Movento must be combined with a spreader/penetrant spray adjuvant. Used later during late May to early June this will also control scale. Movento will not control PC or catfacing insects. Lannate can also be used, but is not quite as effective and is a weak PC material. To date no aphids have been observed in southern county orchards.

Tarnished Plant Bugs and Other Catfacing Insects:  This is the other key insect complex at this time of year. Stink bugs have been found at low levels in beating tray samples. Tarnished plant bugs will become more of an issue as temperatures warm and mowing and other ground cover activities become more common. General spray timing at this time of year should still be targeted for Oriental Fruit Moth and/or Plum Curculio (PC). Most materials, except the diamides (Altacor, Belt, Tourismo) used for these pests will have some efficacy for plant bugs.

Lesser Peach Tree Borer and Peach Tree Borer: Growers that wish to use mating disruption for borer control should place them in the orchard before the lesser borer flight begins, which should be sometime very soon. 

Bacterial Spot: Maintain tight covers with antibiotics until pit hardening. Typical antibiotics used include various copper and oxytetracyclene formulations. Full covers with at least 100 gpa are recommended around wetting periods or severe weather. No bacterial spot cankers or leaf symptoms have been observed in southern county orchards as of yet.

Peach Scab: In addition to Rusty Spot and Bacterial Spot, peach scab requires protective applications starting at petal fall. Peach scab cankers begin to expand at bloom and by shuck split begin to shed spores during wetting periods. Topsin, Topsin/Captan combinations, Flint Extra, Inspire Super, and especially Quadris Top applied at petal fall are the best materials for blocks that had scab last year. Quadris Top, Flint Extra and Topsin should be used at the high rate to suppress overwintering lesions on the wood. Quadris Top contains azoxystrobin which is phytotoxic to many apple varieties. Phytotoxic residues can remain in the tank for long periods after an application is made, even if a tank cleaner is used. Do not use Quadris Top or Abound in the same sprayer used for apples. Bravo (chlorothalonil) is also a good protectant that may be applied no later than shuck split. Captan is also helpful in cover sprays after shuck split where scab was troublesome last year.

Rusty Spot: Rusty spot infections are ongoing until pit hardening. If you are using Flint Extra, Inspire Super, or Quadris Top for scab, these materials will also control rusty spot. After petal fall, maintain coverage with effective materials such as Rally, Rhyme, or potassium bicarbonate products.

Apple:

Codling Moth (CM): Biofixes for Codling moth have been set. See the chart below. Timings for codling moth treatments by chemistry are listed below.

 

Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later

 Cyd-X, Carpovirusine

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern May 2 May 6 May 13 May 16 Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off
Northern April 28 May 4 May 8 May 17 Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off

European Apple Sawfly (EAS): This insect is active through bloom and into petal fall and first cover. Adult females lay eggs just under the skin of freshly set fruit, and the young larvae mine just under the skin. Where this insect is active, it is a primary target at petal fall. In orchards of mixed variety plantings, the petal fall spray for the entire planting is prolonged. This enables EAS to start damaging the first varieties where petals fell earlier before a petal fall spray could be applied to the entire block.

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix was set statewide on May 3. Predictions for insecticides timings are too far out at this time. More on this in later reports.

Diseases: Apple Scab, Powdery Mildew, Cedar Apple Rust, are diseases of concern at this time. The NEWA scab models are predicting about 100% ascospore maturity during this period in southern NJ. Primary apple scab spores are released during any substantial wetting and infection period, and since all ascospores are predicted to be mature primary scab season is nearing the end in southern counties. Growers should continue to manage for primary scab through May since microclimates may affect spore maturity and because it has been dry the next significant wetting may still result in a primary scab infection. Ascopore maturity will be slightly less in northern counties. Cedar apple rust infections can occur anytime between pink and 3rd cover.

Fire Blight: Continue rotations of Streptomycin, Mycoshield or Firewall through 1st cover for shoot blight. If using apogee or Kudos for shoot blight suppression follow label instructions.

Grapes:

Diseases: Grape diseases active at this growth stage are phomopsis, powdery mildew and black rot. Disease infection periods can be monitored using the NEWA models. Choose the weather station closest to your vineyard.

Insects: At this growth stage monitor for climbing cutworms and grape flea beetle. Both of these are considered minor pests. Leafhoppers have been seen in a few spots. This complex is generally not of concern. Potato leafhoppers, which arrive sometime in June, can cause some minor damage.

Scouting Calendar Tree Fruit Southern Counties

The following table is intended as an aid for orchard scouting. I t should not be used to time pesticide applications. Median dates for pest events and crop phenology are displayed. These dates are compiled from observations made since 1995 in Gloucester County. Events in northern New Jersey should occur 7-10 days later.

 

Pest Event or Growth Stage

 Approximate Date 2019 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven) March 23 +/- 15 Days March 29

1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious

 March 31 +/- 13 Days March 27

Pink Peach (Redhaven)

 April 4 +/- 15 Days April 4

Tight Cluster Red Delicious

 April 9 +/- 13 Days April 6

Oriental Fruit Moth Biofix

 April 9 +/- 13 Days April 8

Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)

 April 9 +/- 14 Days April 10

Pink Apple (Red Delicious)

 April 14 +/- 12 Days April 11

Codling Moth Biofix

 April 27 +/- 13 Days May 2

Green Peach Aphid Observed

 April 16 +/- 16 Days April 26

Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)

 April 22 +/- 11 Days April 20

Petal Fall (Redhaven)

 April 22 +/- 10 Days April 24

Petal Fall (Red Delicious)

 April 27 +/- 14 Days May 7

Shuck Split (Redhaven)

 April 30+/- 11 Days April 29

First PC Oviposition Scars Observed

 May 3 +/- 18 Days April 29

Tufted Apple Bud Moth Biofix

 May 4 +/- 10 Days May 3

San Jose Scale Crawlers

 June 2 +/- 8 Days Not yet observed

White Peach Scale Crawlers

 May 26 +/- 11 days Not yet observed

Pit Hardening Peach

 June 16 +/- 8 Days Not yet observed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

 

Weekending STLM TABM-A CM AM OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/17/21 7 0 8 1
4/24/21 12 0 34 2
5/1/21 7 0 11 1 0 0
Filed Under: Fruit, Tree Fruit, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , , , , , , ,
May 5, 2021

Nursery and Conifer Pest Scouting Guide: 250-600 GDD & Boxwood Blight Information & Request for Collaborators

Please print or download these resources (click on them): 

General Nursery Scouting (contains conifer information within range) 

Conifer / Christmas Tree Specific Pest Scouting Guides

To determine your local growing degree-days, please review this post “Obtaining your local growing degree-day information”

Projected GDD50 accumulation as of 5/5/2021
Region Location 5-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep
Southern Upper Deerfield (NJ50) 308 665 1342 2184 2970
Central Howell / Freehold (NJ10) 208 511 1132 1926 2660
Northern High Point (NJ59) 127 315 767 1373 1928
Forecast: NOAA NCEP Coupled Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) forecast system (3.5 months) (USPEST.ORG)

 

Pest Scouting – Growing Degree-day Ranges (240-600 GDD50)
CROP TYPE Common Name Scientific Name GDD Min (50F) GDD Max (95F) Reference Developmental / Target Stage
Many Redheaded flea beetle Systena frontalis 242 600 Unv. Del First control target – egg hatch / larval activity
Conifer Arborvitae leafminer Argyresthia thuiella 245 360 RU Larvae Treatments (1st generation)
Prunus American plum borer Euzophera semifuneralis 245 440 5 Adult flight, egg laying
Boxwood Boxwood mites Eurytetranychus buxi 245 600 RU All Stages
Lilac Lilac leafminer Caloptilia syringella 246 363 5 Larvae Treatments
Holly Holly leafminer Phytomyza ilicis 246 448 RU Larvae Treatment
Yew Taxus mealybug Dysmicoccus wistariae 246 618 RU Adults/Crawlers
Conifer Pine sawflies (Red-headed) Neodiprion lecontei 246 1388 RU Larvae (1st generation)
Boxwood Boxwood leafminer Monarthropalpusi flavus 249 – 6 Adult emergence
Conifer Eastern spruce gall adelgid Adelges abietis 250 310 5 Egg hatch, galls begin forming (not a control target)
Birch Birch Leafminer Fenusa pusilla 275 375 4 Adults laying eggs
Boxwood Boxwood Psyllid Cacopsylla busi 290 440 RU Nymphs
Conifer Pine Needle Scale Chionaspis pinifoliae 298 448 RU Crawlers (1st generation) – control target
Locust Locust leafminer Odontota dorsalis 298 533 5 Typical treatment window
Conifer Pine eriophyid mites Eriophyidae 298 533 5 Typical treatment window
Malus Redbanded leafroller Argyrotaenia velutinana 298 618 5 Typical treatment window
Privet Privet Rust Mites Aculus ligustri 298 802 RU All stages
Oaks Kermes oak scale Allokermes spp. 298 912 5 Typical treatment window
Conifer Pine root collar weevil Hylobius radicis 300 350 4 1st adults active
Conifer Turpentine beetle Dendroctonus terebrans 300 350 4 Parent beetles colonizing brood material
Spirea Spirea aphid Aphis spiraecola 326 – 6 Adults/nymphs
Conifer Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Adelges tsugae 350 350 RU Eggs and 50% hatch
Malus, Prunus, many Lesser peach tree borer Synanthedon pictipes 350 375 4 Adult flight, egg laying
Rhododendron Azalea Lacebug Stephanitis pyrioides 350 646 RU Adults (1st generation)
Dogwood, apple, pecan, elm, hickory, willow Dogwood borer Synanthedon scitula 350 850 4 adults, eggs, caterpillars
Conifer Elongate Hemlock Scale Fiorinia externa 360 700 RU Crawlers (1st generation)
Elm Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola 363 530 RU Larvae treatment (1st generation)
Conifer Larch casebearer Coleophora laricella 363 618 2,4 Nymphs active – typical treatment window
Many Oystershell Scale Lepidosaphes ulmi 363 707 RU Crawlers
Walnut Walnut blister mite Eriophyes erinea 363 707 5 Typical treatment window
Beech Woolly beech aphids Grylloprociphilus imbricator & Phyllaphis fagi 363 7070 5 Typical treatment window
Conifer Striped pine scale Toumeyella sp. 400 500 3 Crawlers (1st generation)
Conifer Pine needle midge  Thecodiplosis brachynteroides 400 500 7 Adults (1st generation)
Conifer Pine tortoise scale Toumeyella parvicornis 400 1000 4 Crawlers
Yews, Rhododendrons, many Black Vine Weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus 400 2800 RU Adults treatment
Basswood Basswood lacebug Gargaphia tiliae 415 – 6 Adults/nymphs
MANY Fourlined plant bug Poecilocapsus lineatus 435 – 6 Egg hatch / early instars
Many Two-Spotted Mite Tetranychus urticae 437 997 RU Adults (build-up activity)
Birch Bronze Birch Borer Agrilus anxius 440 880 RU Adults (egg laying)
Boxwood Boxwood Leafminer Monarthropalpusi flavus 448 700 RU Larvae treatment
Rhododendron Azalea whitefly Pealius azaleae 448 700 5 Adults/nymphs
Oak Oak skeletonizer Bucculatrix ainsliella 448 707 5 Typical treatment window
Conifer Hemlock looper Lambdina fiscellaria 448 707 5 Typical treatment window
Conifer Pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda 450 500 4 Adults emerge; begin shoot feeding – control target
Conifer Pine Chafer (Anomela Beetle) Anomala oblivia 450 600 7 Adults (1st generation)
Many Gypsy moth Lymanttria dispar 450 900 4 Caterpillar to pupation – control target missed
Juniper Maskell scale Lepidosaphes pallida 470 – 6 Crawlers (1st generation)
Conifer European pine shoot moth Rhyacionia buoliana 480 710 5 Larvae Treatment
Malus, Prunus, many Peach Tree Borer Synanthedon sp. 500 600 RU Adults – emerge (1st treatment both types)
Rhododendron Rhododendron Borer Synanthedon rhododendri 509 696 RU Adults emerge
Many White prunicola scale Psedaulacaspis prunicola 513 – 6 Crawlers (1st generation)
Many Redheaded flea beetle Systena frontalis 517 1028 Unv. Del Adults – feeding / laying eggs
Many Cottony camellia / taxus scale Pulvinaria floccifera 520 – 6 Crawlers (1st generation)
Birch Birch Leafminer Fenusa pusilla 530 700 RU Larvae (2nd generation)
Conifer Arborvitae Leafminer Argyresthia thuiella 533 700 RU Adults (egg laying) – larvae treatments
Euonymus Euonymus Scale Unaspis euonymil 533 820 RU Crawlers (1st generation)
Oak Oak blotch leafminers Cameraria spp. ; Tisheria spp. 533 912 5 Typical treatment window
Maple Greenstriped mapleworm Dryocampa rubicunda 533 1645 5 Control target
Conifer Balsam gall midge Paradiplosis tumifex 550 700 4 Galls apparent
Conifer Juniper scale Carulaspis juniperi 550 700 7 Egg hatch
Malus, Prunus, many Greater peach tree borer Synanthedon exitiosa 575 710 4 Adult emergence
Conifer Cryptomeria scale Aspidiotus cryptomeriae 600 800 3 First crawler emergence
Conifer Bagworm Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis 600 900 RU Larvae (early instars) – ONLY CONTROL WINDOW
Conifer Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 600 1000 7 Nymphs active – Douglas fir (control target)
RU Rutgers Cooperative Extension – Landscape IPM Notes
2 http://ccetompkins.org/resources/using-growing-degree-days-for-insect-management
3 https://extension.psu.edu/ipm-basics-for-christmas-trees#section-2
4 https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/agriculture/christmas_trees/gdd_of_conifer_insects
5 https://www.agriculture.nh.gov/publications-forms/documents/landscape-pests.pdf
6 https://extension.umd.edu/ipm/pest-predictive-calendar-landscapenursery
7 https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/agriculture/christmas_trees/gdd_of_landscape_insects
Unv. Del. Coorespondance with Dr. Kunkel (University of Delaware)

 

Boxwood Blight risk-model information, considerations, and links:

Boxwood Blight Risk Assessment as of 5/5/2021
Region Location CODE 4-May 5-May 6-May 7-May 8-May 9-May
Southern Upper Deerfield NJ50 Infection Risk Infection Risk Very Low  Very Low  Very Low  Very Low 
Central Howell / Freehold NJ10 Low  Low  Very Low  Very Low  Very Low  Very Low 
Northern High Point NJ59 Very Low  Very Low  Very Low  Very Low  Very Low  Very Low 
Please check your local boxwood blight risk here (click here and type in your area code – select closest station)

 

Wednesday 5/4/21 -PPA Post regarding boxwood blight activity (click here)

  • These advisories are general in nature and change rapidly so someone from your business should be using this risk model (CLICK HERE) daily if boxwood is important to your financial stability – In 30 seconds you can have a better idea of boxwood blight (and other pathogen) activity in your immediate area!
    • (click on the link – input area code – select closest weather station – check 7-14 prediction – click on graph / table) 

 

Phytophthora sampling and Redheaded Flea Beetle survey requests (5-minutes to take both)

Please answer a few questions if you would like to be included in a statewide Phytophthora in Conifer Nurseries sampling project 

Please fill out this brief survey if you are experiencing damages due to Redheaded flea beetle (RHFB)

Contact – Timothy J. Waller – twaller@njaes.rutgers.edu for more information

Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Turf Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , ,
May 4, 2021

Tree Fruit IPM Report for 5/4/21

Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: First generation timings are updated below: Growers that have utilized mating disruption for OFM can focus on PC; GPA; and catfacing insect pests as described below. If you have not placed mating disruption dispensers yet they can still be deployed for later generations, but this generation must be treated with insecticides at the first generation timings.

 

OFM 1st Generation Timing
Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days by  5/4 base 45 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 312 1st – past

2nd – May 7-9

 1st – past

2nd – May 4-7
Hunterdon – Northern 261 1st – past

2nd – May 12-14

 1st – past

2nd – May 9-12

 

Plum Curculio (PC): PC adults usually begin egg laying once the fruit is out of the shuck. Preferred materials that offer PC control now are Avaunt, and Imidan. If using high rates of a neonicotinoid (i.e. Actara, Belay, Assail), be aware that there is a synergistic effect when used in tank mixes with DMI materials (i.e. Rally) with regard to bee toxicity. Neonicotinoids should not be used if there are any flowering weeds in your orchard. Those flowering weeds will attract bees, which will be killed by the insecticide. The use of most of these products when bees are present is off label and therefore not legal. If pyrethroids are being used, then high rates are advisable, since low rates often do not control PC, especially in hot weather. Where PC is a problem, growers should rotate away from pyrethroid insecticides if possible. Actara and Belay will also control PC (and GPA), but not OFM.

Green Peach Aphids (GPA): Green Peach Aphid: GPA colonies typically begin forming at bloom, however in southern counties aphids are present at very low levels, and well below treatment thresholds. If aphids are at treatment level, you have and your ground cover is clean of blooming weeds, a good choice that will cover catfacing insects, aphids, and plum curculio is Thiamethoxam (Actara and in VoliamFlexi). Actara will not control OFM. Examine trees for the presence of colonies by standing back and looking at the entire tree. Clusters of curled leaves will define a single colony. Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold of 2 colonies/tree at petal fall to shuck split for peach, and 1 colony/tree for nectarine. If treating aphids alone then Movento @ 6 oz/A is a good non-neonicotinoid choice. Movento must be combined with a spreader/penetrant spray adjuvant. Used later during late May to early June this will also control scale. Movento will not control PC or catfacing insects. Lannate can also be used, but is not quite as effective and is a weak PC material. To date no aphids have been observed in southern county orchards.

Tarnished Plant Bugs and Other Catfacing Insects:  This is the other key insect complex at this time of year. Stink bugs have been found at low levels in beating tray samples. Tarnished plant bugs will become more of an issue as temperatures warm and mowing and other ground cover activities become more common. General spray timing at this time of year should still be targeted for Oriental Fruit Moth and/or Plum Curculio (PC). Most materials, except the diamides (Altacor, Belt, Tourismo) used for these pests will have some efficacy for plant bugs.

 

Lesser Peach Tree Borer and Peach Tree Borer: Growers that wish to use mating disruption for borer control should place them in the orchard before the lesser borer flight begins, which should be sometime in the next few weeks.

 

Bacterial Spot: Maintain tight covers with antibiotics until pit hardening. Typical antibiotics used include various copper and oxytetracyclene formulations. Full covers with at least 100 gpa are recommended around wetting periods or severe weather. No bacterial spot cankers or leaf symptoms have been observed in southern county orchards as of yet.

Peach Scab: In addition to Rusty Spot and Bacterial Spot, peach scab requires protective applications starting at petal fall. Peach scab cankers begin to expand at bloom and by shuck split begin to shed spores during wetting periods. Topsin, Topsin/Captan combinations, Flint Extra, Inspire Super, and especially Quadris Top applied at petal fall are the best materials for blocks that had scab last year. Quadris Top, Flint Extra and Topsin should be used at the high rate to suppress overwintering lesions on the wood. Quadris Top contains azoxystrobin which is phytotoxic to many apple varieties. Phytotoxic residues can remain in the tank for long periods after an application is made, even if a tank cleaner is used. Do not use Quadris Top or Abound in the same sprayer used for apples. Bravo (chlorothalonil) is also a good protectant that may be applied no later than shuck split. Captan is also helpful in cover sprays after shuck split where scab was troublesome last year.

Rusty Spot: Rusty spot infections are ongoing until pit hardening. If you are using Flint Extra, Inspire Super, or Quadris Top for scab, these materials will also control rusty spot. After petal fall, maintain coverage with effective materials such as Rally, Rhyme, or potassium bicarbonate products.

Apple:

Codling Moth (CM): Biofixes for Codling moth have been set. See the chart below. Timings for codling moth treatments by chemistry are listed below.

 

Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later

 Cyd-X, Carpovirusine

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern May 2 May 6 May 9 May 14 Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off
Northern April 28 May 4 May 8 May 13 Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off

 

Spotted Tentiform Leafminer (STLM): Adults are flying, but are not considered a pest target at this time. This is one of the most highly parasitized insects in the orchard. We have not seen economic damage from this pest in recent years. However in recent summers we have observed a slight increase in trap counts and injury in a few orchards in southern counties. Monitor your orchard for damage.

European Apple Sawfly (EAS): This insect is active through bloom and into petal fall and first cover. Adult females lay eggs just under the skin of freshly set fruit, and the young larvae mine just under the skin. Where this insect is active, it is a primary target at petal fall. In orchards of mixed variety plantings, the petal fall spray for the entire planting is prolonged. This enables EAS to start damaging the first varieties where petals fell earlier before a petal fall spray could be applied to the entire block.

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix was set statewide on May 3. Predictions for insecticides timings are too far out at this time. More on this in later reports.

Diseases: Apple Scab, Powdery Mildew, Cedar Apple Rust, are diseases of concern at this time. The NEWA scab models are predicting about 100% ascospore maturity during this period in southern NJ. Primary apple scab spores are released during any substantial wetting and infection period, and since all ascospores are predicted to be mature primary scab season is nearing the end in southern counties. Growers should continue to manage for primary scab through May since microclimates may affect spore maturity and because it has been dry the next significant wetting may still result in a primary scab infection. Ascopore maturity will be slightly less in northern counties. Cedar apple rust infections can occur anytime between pink and 3rd cover.

Fire Blight: Continue rotations of Streptomycin, Mycoshield or Firewall through 1st cover for shoot blight. If using apogee or Kudos for shoot blight suppression follow label instructions.

Grapes:

Diseases: Grape diseases active at this growth stage are phomopsis, powdery mildew and black rot. Disease infection periods can be monitored using the NEWA models. Choose the weather station closest to your vineyard.

Insects: At this growth stage monitor for climbing cutworms and grape flea beetle. Both of these are considered minor pests.

Scouting Calendar Tree Fruit Southern Counties

The following table is intended as an aid for orchard scouting. I t should not be used to time pesticide applications. Median dates for pest events and crop phenology are displayed. These dates are compiled from observations made since 1995 in Gloucester County. Events in northern New Jersey should occur 7-10 days later.

 

Pest Event or Growth Stage

 Approximate Date 2019 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven) March 23 +/- 15 Days March 29

1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious

 March 31 +/- 13 Days March 27

Pink Peach (Redhaven)

 April 4 +/- 15 Days April 4

Tight Cluster Red Delicious

 April 9 +/- 13 Days April 6

Oriental Fruit Moth Biofix

 April 9 +/- 13 Days April 8

Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)

 April 9 +/- 14 Days April 10

Pink Apple (Red Delicious)

 April 14 +/- 12 Days April 11

Codling Moth Biofix

 April 27 +/- 13 Days May 2

Green Peach Aphid Observed

 April 16 +/- 16 Days April 26

Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)

 April 22 +/- 11 Days April 20

Petal Fall (Redhaven)

 April 22 +/- 10 Days April 24

Petal Fall (Red Delicious)

 April 27 +/- 14 Days Not yet observed

Shuck Split (Redhaven)

 April 30+/- 11 Days April 29

First PC Oviposition Scars Observed

 May 3 +/- 18 Days Not yet observed

Tufted Apple Bud Moth Biofix

 May 4 +/- 10 Days May 3

San Jose Scale Crawlers

 June 2 +/- 8 Days Not yet observed

Pit Hardening Peach

 June 16 +/- 8 Days Not yet observed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

 

Weekending STLM TABM-A CM AM OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/17/21 7 0 8 1
4/24/21 12 0 34 2
5/1/21 7 0 11 1 0 0

 

Filed Under: Fruit, Tree Fruit, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , , , , , , ,
April 26, 2021

Landscape Pest Notes: Some Mid-Spring Insects/Mites

As we enter the last week of April, many of our mid-spring landscape insect/mite pests continue to awaken & cause feeding symptoms on our ornamentals. This blog only talks over some of the typical mid-spring pests that plague our landscapes. Those discussed within include: Southern Red Spider Mites; Gypsy Moths; Evergreen Lace Bugs (e.g., rhododendron, azalea, & andromeda lace bugs); Nantucket Pine Tip Moth; Birch Leaf Miner; Hemlock Woolly Adelgid; Plant Leaf Galls (eriophyid mites).

Mid-Spring weeks have arrived & shade trees like this green ash have begun leaf expansion. (Photo Credit: Steven K. Rettke, Rutgers Coop. Ext.)

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Plant Diagnostic Lab
April 26, 2021

Tree Fruit IPM Report for 4/27/21

Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: First generation timings are updated below: Growers that have utilized mating disruption for OFM can focus on PC; GPA; and catfacing insect pests as described below. If you have not placed mating disruption dispensers yet they can still be deployed for later generations, but this generation must be treated with insecticides at the first generation timings. [Read more…]

Filed Under: Fruit, Tree Fruit Tagged With: , , , , , , , ,
March 22, 2021

Nursery Pest Scouting Guide: 25-60 Growing Degree-days (Southern NJ will hit approx. 45 GDD by Friday)

Please print or download the two resources of this post (click on them): 

The information provided in the downloads gives early season scouting ranges (in growing degree days, base 50F) for specific insect pests harming nursery crop production and maintenance. Additionally, forecasting predictions (GDD50 accumulation) for calendar dates of multiple regions of New Jersey (S,N,C) are provided.

To determine your local growing degree-days, please review this post “Obtaining your local growing degree-day information”

Scouting Ranges:

  • This document supports scouting, it does not replace it. Keeping good notes on pest development will help dial in scouting and treatment efforts at your local level.
  • It is important to note that these GDD50 are not exact, rather provide a range of GDD and subsequent calendar dates that can be used to scout for, and treat for, insect pests.
  • The pests listed here will be listed again in future scouting range announcements as they undergo further developmental life stages or are vulnerable to management options.
  • If you need more information, OR you are regularly seeing specific pest development stages at growing degree-days different than those listed here, please contact Tim Waller at twaller@njaes.rutgers.edu

 

Projected GDD50 accumulation as of
NJ – Region Location March 1st April 1st May 1st June 1st July 1st
Southern Upper Deerfield (NJ50) 0 48 157 564 1241
Central Howell / Freehold (NJ10) 0 26 107 455 1076
Northern High Point (NJ59) 0 5 11 224 676
Forecast: NOAA NCEP Coupled Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) forecast system (3.5 months) (USPEST.ORG)

 

Pest Scouting – Growing Degree-day Ranges  (25-60 GDD50) 
CROP TYPE Common Name Scientific Name GDD Min (50F) GDD Max (95F) Reference Developmental / Target Stage
Conifer Eastern spruce gall adelgid Adelges abietis 25 100 3 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer Northern pine weevil Pissodes approximatus 25 100 4 1st adults active
Conifer Zimmerman pine moth Dioryctria zimmermani 25 100 3 1st larvae active
Conifer Cooley spruce gall adelgid Adelges cooleyi 25 120 3 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer White pine weevil Pissodes strobi 25 220 4 1st adults active
Shade trees European fruit lecanium Parthenolecanium corni 35 145 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Many, evergreen Euonymus scale Unaspis euonymi 35 120 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer 35 145 1 Hatched larvae
Conifer Fletcher scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri 35 148 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer European pine shoot moth / borer Rhyacionia buoiana 50 220 4 1st larvae active
Maples Maple bladdergall mite Vasates quadripedes 58 148 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Honeylocust Honeylocust plant bug Diaphnocoris chlorionis 58 246 2 Nympths / adults active
Conifer Pine tortoise scale Toumeyela parvicornis 58 148 2 Cralwer activity
Conifer Pine bark adelgid Pineus strobi 58 618 2 Spring control of overwintering stage
Conifer Balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus 60 100 4 Egg hatch
References RU Rutgers Cooperative Extension – IPM Notes
2 http://ccetompkins.org/resources/using-growing-degree-days-for-insect-management
3 https://extension.psu.edu/ipm-basics-for-christmas-trees#section-2
4 https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/agriculture/christmas_trees/gdd_of_conifer_insects
5 https://www.agriculture.nh.gov/publications-forms/documents/landscape-pests.pdf
6 https://extension.umd.edu/ipm/pest-predictive-calendar-landscapenursery

 

(Please note: we will be providing pest GDD ranges regularly throughout the season for our green industries)

 

Important notes about growing degree-day models:

  1. These models do not replace scouting. They should guide scouting efforts and pest management programs, once the vulnerable life stage or economic threshold of a pest is recorded. Observations at a local level for specific pests is critical to IPM efforts and further refinement of degree-day-based predictions.
  2. GDD50 values for pest development are not exact, rather they should be viewed as a range. 
  3. The growing degree-day model (GDD50) is general by design. Some insect pests have specific formulas for their growth and development (some examples here). However, the GDD50 model is useful for many pests and plant species.
  4. Many GDD50 target values were developed in other parts of the country and should be ‘ground truthed’ at a local level. Blind applications of pesticides, without truthing pest development, may not deliver desired outcomes.
Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Turf