Fruit Crops Edition

Seasonal updates on diseases, insects, weeds impacting tree fruit and small fruit (blueberry, cranberry, and wine grape). Fruit Pest Alerts are also available via this category feed.
 
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May 8, 2026 , , , , , , , and

Managing Orchards Through a Season With Limited Yields 

The recent freeze event April 20-21, 2026, has had wide ranging impacts on fruit crops statewide, including but not limited to peaches, nectarines, cherries, apples, pears, and plums. Across the state, significant injury to blossoms and young fruit has been confirmed, with many orchards reporting substantial crop loss. The extent of damage remains highly variable by location, elevation, crop, cultivar, and ultimately phenological stage at the time of the freeze, with the most severe injury observed in low-lying areas and orchard blocks that were at full bloom or petal fall.  

Despite the reduced crop potential, continued pest monitoring and management remain important, particularly in blocks producing some fruit. Even where no fruit will be harvested, we need to adjust our approach to insect and disease management with a focus on maintaining healthy orchards for the next crop. Promoting tree health, maintaining low pest and disease inoculum, and supporting return bloom for the next season should be priorities for the remainder of this season. 

Orchard Tree Care 

Managing Crop Load in Apples 

  • If fruitlets are expanding, there is a good chance they will set fruit.   
  • Assessing internal browning of fruitlets shortly after a frost typically results in over estimation of damage; more time will be needed to determine both cropload and whether thinners will be warranted. 
  • If you saw damage to the fruitlets but they are holding on and growing you will likely have misshapen fruit. 
  • The most precise way to measure crop load THIS YEAR is to measure fruitlet diameter and input that data into the Cornell growth model (Malusim app). 
  • The best way to assess how many fruits you will have per tree is by using the fruit growth rate model (measuring diameters twice over a 5-day period). 
  • You should wait until fruits are 7mm before making the first measurement and then make a second measurement 5 days later and the model will predict what percentage of fruitlets are growing.   
  • When you make the first measurement, tag 15 spurs on each of 5 trees for a total of 75 spurs.   
  • When you enter the data in the Malusism app enter numbers for 5 fruits per spur even if the spur only has 1 or 2 fruits.  For the missing fruits enter a value of 0.1.   
  • The result after the second measurement will be a % fruit set.  To estimate how many actual fruits will be on the tree you need to do whole tree counts of flower clusters on 5 trees. 
  • If most of the spur flowers are killed and not growing, the bloom on one-year-wood should be preserved.  This is accomplished by waiting to apply thinners until the king fruit of those clusters is at least 12mm.  (By that time the fruits on spurs will be rather large, 16mm).  When the king fruits on the clusters from one-year-wood are 12mm, they are set well and will not thin off easily, but the lateral fruitlets on those clusters can still be thinned off.   
  • If by the time fruits are 16mm on spurs and 12mm on lateral bloom you determine that thinning is needed, you should thin according to the carbohydrate balance at that point in time.  Damaged fruits set with Promalin can be just as hard to thin off as undamaged fruits in a normal year. However, it is likely you will apply a reduced dose to make sure you do not overthin and then finish the thinning job with hand thinning in June and early July. 
  • There may be many fruits that have frost ring or russet or are misshapen.  These do not thin off easily. They can only be removed by hand thinning. 
  • Another Plant and Pest Advisory post with more in depth thinning and return bloom spray recommendations will be coming in the next few weeks so keep an eye out!  

Managing Foliar Growth in Trees with Little to no Crop Load 

  • If your crop was significantly damaged do not apply anymore nitrogen to your orchard this year. 
  • In a normal year a portion of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for fruit trees pre-bloom and a second portion applied post-bloom or after the level of fruit set is known 
  • The 2026 season is not a typical year.  With fruit set in some orchards ranging from a normal load or towards a near total fruit loss due to frost damage, growers should reassess on a case-by-case basis to apply the normal amount or a reduced amount of recommended nitrogen fertilizer. 
  • For orchards where some nitrogen fertilizer was already applied pre-bloom and where there has been a total crop fruit loss due to frost, no further nitrogen fertilizer is recommended for the 2026 growing season. 
  • For orchards with good fruit set, apply nitrogen fertilizer as one would in a normal growing season. 
  • Perform leaf tissue analysis in July to assess nutrient levels (specifically nitrogen status), though do not apply anymore until 2027. 
  • The information provided by the analysis will be useful for guiding nutrient applications in the 2027 fruit growing season.   
  • There is likely to be significant shoot vigor this growing season if there is little to no crop load.  
  •  In apples, Kudos/Apogee (Prohexadione-calcium) can be applied to suppress excessive shoot growth.  Beginning at 1-3 inches of growth apply 8 oz/100 gal once a week for three consecutive weeks. This can also help manage insects like aphids that feed on succulent new growth and diseases like the shoot blight phase of fire blight.  
  • In peaches, consider summer pruning this year to help maintain tree shape and prevent excessive growth.  

Orchard Disease Management 

  • As development continues into petal fall and early fruit set, this remains a critical period for disease management, particularly for diseases like fire blight, bacterial spot, scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust. 
  • Diseases that negatively impact and damage fruit, including rusty spot, brown rot, white rot, sooty blotch and flyspeck should not be a priority this season. However, diseases that can cause severe defoliation still need to be managed effectively. Orchards with low to no crop can use conservative spray programs with focus on using broad spectrum fungicides. 
  • For fire blight, infection can still occur through blossoms even if they are freeze damaged. 
    • Keep an eye on disease prediction models and apply antibiotics prior to infection periods when bloom is present
    • Actigard and Apogee/Kudos can be included for additional defense against shoot blight, especially in young blocks    
  • For bacterial spot, maintain coverage with low levels of copper to reduce inoculum building up on leaves and reduce the risk for infections for the following season.
    • Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days.
    • Refer to this guide published by Dr. Norm Lalancette for copper applications in early covers. 
  • Apple scab infections can persist on leaves in the orchards even without fruit, so it could be a good opportunity to knock down inoculum
    • To manage apple scab continue applications of Manzate at 6 lb/A or Microthiol Disperss at 10 lb/A prior to predicted infection periods to lower inoculum for the next season
    • If both powdery mildew and cedar apple rust are a concern, Manzate at 3 lb/A should be tank mixed with Microthiol Disperss at 10 lb/A. Manzate is effective on apple scab and cedar apple rust but not powdery mildew. Microthiol Disperss is effective on apple scab and powdery mildew but not cedar apple rust.
  • Peach scab should not be a concern unless there is a history of high disease pressure – lesions can form on this year’s fruiting shoots which will provide a source of inoculum next season. In this situation management is necessary, and Captan should be applied before a heavy rainfall event at 2.5 lb/A.
    • Management of fungal diseases is still needed to prevent a buildup of rot and leaf pathogens for next season.
  • Pear Scab and Fabraea Leaf Spot should be managed through applications of Manzate or Ziram through may and early summer to prevent defoliation and inoculum build up. Severe infections can weaken trees and impact return bloom.
  • Marssonina Blotch, Glomerella Leaf Spot, and Frogeye Leaf Spot should be managed as these diseases will cause defoliation and provide a source of inoculum for black rot and bitter rot next season.  Maintain coverage of Captan, Manzate, or Ziram prior to rain events through the growing season according to the cover spray rule of applications every 2” of rain or 14 days, whichever comes first.
  • Cedar apple rust and powdery mildew should be managed in orchards with a history of disease as severe infestations can cause stunted growth and stress.
    • For cedar apple rust, continue applying Manzate at 6 lb/A until the end of May
    • If conditions are optimal for cedar apple rust and powdery mildew, apply Manzate at 3 lb/A and Microthiol Disperss at 10 lb/A through July 
    • The pathogen causing powdery mildew of apple also causes rusty spot on peaches so it is especially important to control this disease to keep inoculum levels down for next year if apples are grown next to peaches

Orchard Insect Management 

  • Any fruit remaining on trees will attract insects which will cause damage and continue to maintain populations in the orchards. 
  • Due to the reduced crop load, there may be more insects competing for individual fruit to complete their lifecycle so there may be more damage on a fruit by fruit basis 
  • If you are planning to retain a crop, you must continue to intensively manage insect pests as you would in a normal season  
  • In the event you choose not to harvest fruit this season, there are several insects that will only be targeting the developing fruit and therefore do not need to be managed including plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, brown marmorated stinkbug, native stink bugs, tufted apple bud moth, oblique banded leafroller, and thrips. 
  • Aphids, leafhoppers, and mites can feed extensively on foliage and terminals, causing leaf curling and stunting. This can impact next year’s fruit that will be set in this season. Without fruit, the trees may tolerate a higher threshold of these pests, but they should still be managed.
    • Beneficial insects may help reduce populations of these pests this season, making insecticides targeting them unnecessary.  
  • Pear Psylla can feed extensively on foliage and terminals causing defoliation. In heavy infestations this pest can cause stunting of the tree referred to as “psylla shock” which can reduce next season’s fruit set.
    • Intensive management should be continued in orchards with a history of this pest.  
  • Scale insects are generally controlled with a dormant oil or delayed dormant application; however, in severe infestations you can monitor using double-sided sticky tape on trunks and apply Esteem or Centaur at the crawler stage.
    • Beneficial insects including lady beetles and parasitoid wasps may control pest populations better in reduced spray programs.
  • Oriental fruit moth larvae do not require fruit to cause damage and should be managed in orchards without a crop. The first- and second-generation moths will lay their eggs in terminals and as the larvae develop, they will cause noticeable “flagging” damage.  This “flagging” damage can be particularly detrimental in young orchards.
    • This pest can be managed via mating disruption or well-timed insecticides for the first and second generations to knock populations down particularly in young blocks if there are high trap counts. If you have a history of high OFM pressure, mating disruption may be a more cost-effective option at ~$100/A versus a rotational insecticide program for the first- and second-generation degree day timings averaging ~$150-$200/A. If your orchard typically has low OFM pressure and you have not applied your mating disruption dispensers, it may be more cost effective to save your mating disruption in the freezer for next year and monitor populations. If your populations become higher than normal, one well timed insecticide application to target this pest can range from ~$8-$50/A.
    • Refer to this Plant & Pest Advisory post from Dr. Anne Nielsen on targeted pest management considerations for OFM and other key pests.
  • Codling moth require fruit to complete their lifecycle so it is possible that a season without fruit may be detrimental to their populations. However, this pest may be able to find fruit in the surrounding woodlot and then move back into the orchard the following season.
    • It will be important to monitor this pest via pheromone traps and apply a well-timed insecticide if populations are getting higher than usual.
    • If you have had trouble with this pest in the past, it may be a good year to reduce populations via mating disruption.
  • Borers such as dogwood borer (DWB), lesser peach tree borer (LPTB), greater peach tree borer (GPTB), and ambrosia beetle are indirect pests of tree fruit and will attack the tree regardless of the fruit load.
    • Continue monitoring with pheromone traps to determine if populations are present and time applications around peak flight activity.
    • Mating disruption is an effective strategy for managing DWB, LPTB, and GPTB.
    • Trunk sprays can be applied at well-timed intervals throughout the year.  

Orchard Weed Management During a Low Crop Year

Low crop production years in tree fruit present a different set of weed management priorities compared to typical seasons. While reduced yield may lessen immediate concerns about weed–crop competition, these seasons offer an important opportunity to reset weed pressure and improve long-term orchard floor management. 

Shift in Management Objectives 

In a low crop year, the focus should shift from protecting current yield to reducing weed populations and preventing future infestations. With fewer fruit sinks, trees often allocate more resources to vegetative growth, which can influence both competitive dynamics with weeds and crop sensitivity to herbicide injury. This is also an ideal time to scout and map weed populations across the orchard, documenting dominant species and problem areas. These records directly inform preemergence (PRE)  herbicide selection and placement in the following season. 

Strengthening Residual Programs 

PRE herbicides should play a central role in weed management during low production years. Maintaining a clean herbicide strip beneath the tree canopy throughout the season helps reduce weed seed production, limits early-season competition, and improves control consistency going into the following year. Where appropriate, consider using full labeled rates and tank mixtures of PRE herbicides with different sites of action to extend residual activity and manage resistance. Always read and follow the full label before use. 

Postemergence Applications and Crop Safety 

Timely postemergence (POST) applications remain important to prevent escapes and seed production, even in low crop years. Registered POST options include glyphosate and glufosinate for directed applications, and clethodim for grass control. However, caution is warranted: 

  • Trees may exhibit altered physiological responses due to reduced crop load 
  • Stone fruits (peach, sweet cherry, tart cherry) are generally more sensitive to herbicide contact and root uptake of certain residuals than pome fruits (apple, pear) 
  • Young plantings and thin-barked trees are at greater risk of injury from bark contact 
  • Directed or shielded applications are strongly recommended to minimize contact with trunks, scaffold branches, and foliage 

Resistance Management 

Herbicide-resistant weed populations are an increasing concern in Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern orchards. Glyphosate- and paraquat-resistant horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) is well-documented in the region, and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) has shown reduced sensitivity to certain herbicide classes. To reduce selection pressure, rotate herbicide sites of action across seasons, not only within a single season, and avoid exclusive reliance on any single POST chemistry for escapes and patch control. 

Opportunities for Targeting Perennial Weeds 

Perennial species should be prioritized during low crop years. With reduced concern about fruit loss, growers can target optimal application timing for systemic postemergence herbicides when weeds are actively growing and most susceptible. Key perennial species of concern in NJ and NY orchards include: 

  • Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) 
  • Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) 
  • Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) 
  • Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) 
  • Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) 
  • Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) 
  • Goldenrod (Solidago spp.) 
  • Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) 

Sequential applications or integration with mechanical tactics may be necessary to effectively reduce belowground reserves. Note that many of these species may require multi-year management programs and, in some cases, mechanical removal prior to herbicide application. 

Managing Tree Vigor 

Reduced crop load commonly results in increased vegetative growth. A clean orchard floor combined with reduced weed competition can further enhance vigor, which is not always desirable. Excessive shoot growth can complicate canopy management and increase disease pressure. Growers should monitor nitrogen inputs carefully, adjust irrigation to avoid overstimulating growth, and manage watersprouts and excessive shoot development through summer pruning as needed. Competitive cover crops in the alleyway can serve a dual role: suppressing weeds while moderating overall tree vigor through resource competition. 

Environmental and Regulatory Considerations 

Applicators should be familiar with required buffer zones and consult the NJDEP Pesticide Control Program  as well as Registrant database for current restrictions and state-specific requirements. Herbicide applications should always be timed to avoid bloom periods when pollinators are active in the orchard. 

Looking Ahead 

Effective weed management during a low crop year can significantly improve conditions for the following season. Reducing the weed seedbank, targeting difficult perennial species, and scouting to map problem areas positions growers to enter the next production cycle with lower pressure and potentially reduced input needs. 

Bottom line: Low production years should be viewed as an opportunity—not a setback—for improving weed management. Strategic use of residual herbicides, targeted control of perennial species, integration of alternative tactics, and thorough scouting can provide lasting benefits for orchard productivity and long-term sustainability. 

Always read and follow pesticide label directions. The label is the law. Herbicide registrations are subject to change; verify current registration status in New Jersey and New York before use. 

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Fruit, Tree Fruit, Uncategorized Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
May 6, 2026

North Jersey Wine Grape Twilight Meeting

North Jersey Wine Grape Twilight Meeting

Supported by
The New Jersey Horticultural Society

May 21, 2026
4:30 PM – 7:30 PM
Meadowbrook Winery
18 King St. Oldwick, NJ 08858

 

4:30 PM – Registration

4:45 PM – Overview of Latest Changes to New Jersey Pesticide Use Regulations

Nancy Sharma PhD, Extension Specialist in Fruit Pathology, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

 

5:15 PM – Emerging Pests in the Vineyard and their Management

Anne Nielsen PhD, Extension Specialist in Entomology, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

 

5:45 PM – Nutrient and Crop Load Management in the Vineyard

Cain Hickey PhD, Assistant Teaching Professor of Viticulture, Penn State University

 

6:45 PM – Personal Protective Equipment, Best Practices for Grape Growers Applying Pesticides

Kate Brown, Somerset County Agricultural Agent, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

 

7:15 PM – Demonstration of the Applications for Drone use in Vineyards

Nathan Graham, UAV/Drone Specialist, Hoober Inc. PA

 

RSVP: Please call or E-mail to Kim Crommelin at 908-788-1338 or kfrey@co.hunterdon.nj.us by May 18, 2026.

 

Light dinner fare will be provided.

The following pesticide recertification credits will be awarded

1 CORE   2 CAT10   2 CAT 1A   2 PP2

Filed Under: Fruit, Wine Grape
May 4, 2026 , , and

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 4/27/2026

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit development across New Jersey continued to progress over the past week, and the impacts of the recent freeze event are now becoming more clearly defined. Across much of the state, significant injury to blossoms and young fruit has been confirmed, with many orchards reporting substantial crop loss. The extent of damage remains highly variable by location, elevation, variety, and phenological stage at the time of the freeze, with the most severe injury observed in low-lying areas and blocks that were at full bloom or petal fall.

At this stage, surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify, although some additional drop is still expected over the coming week. Growers are encouraged to continue evaluating blocks carefully before making final management decisions, as crop potential may continue to change.

In apples, early varieties such as ‘Pink Lady’ sustained significant injury in many locations. However, some later-developing blooms appear to have escaped the freeze, and limited fruit set is being observed from these later flowers. While this provides some promise in select blocks, overall yield potential remains extremely low across most orchards. Variability remains high even within individual blocks.

In pears, most varieties across the state were at or just past bloom during the freeze, and widespread crop loss has now been confirmed. In many orchards, little to no viable fruit remains, though isolated pockets of surviving fruit may still be present depending on site conditions.

Peach and nectarine varieties in southern counties, which were at petal fall to early shuck split during the freeze, experienced extensive crop loss in many orchards. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing at the time of the freeze, damage remains variable but is often substantial in more exposed locations.

Despite reduced crop potential, continued monitoring and management remain important, particularly in blocks with surviving fruit or where maintaining tree health and supporting return bloom for the 2027 season are priorities.

Apples
Apple Phenology Update

Apple phenology continued to progress across New Jersey over the past week, with most blocks now moving through bloom into petal fall. The impacts of the recent freeze event are now becoming more apparent, with significant injury observed in many orchards statewide. Early varieties in southern counties, such as ‘Pink Lady,’ sustained substantial damage where they were at full bloom during the freeze.

Later varieties and more northern regions show variable levels of injury depending on bloom stage and site conditions. In some blocks, later-developing blooms appear to have escaped damage and are setting limited fruit. Surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify, although some additional drop may still occur over the coming week.

As development continues into petal fall and early fruit set, this remains a critical period for disease management, particularly for fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust. Even in blocks with reduced crop, maintaining protection of foliage and any surviving fruit is essential for overall tree health and to support return bloom next season. Monitoring for early-season insect pests should also continue, with management decisions adjusted based on crop presence and block-specific conditions.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County Green Tip Tight Cluster Pink Bud Bloom Petal Fall
Cumberland 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8 4/17
Gloucester 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8 4/17
Burlington 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13 4/22
Mercer 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13 4/22
Middlesex 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/22
Monmouth 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/22
Hunterdon 3/22 4/1 4/10 4/17 4/24
Morris 3/26 4/4 4/11 4/17 4/24
Warren 3/30 4/4 4/13 4/17 4/24
Sussex 3/31 4/10 4/14 4/18 4/24
Bergen 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/24
Apple Scab
Apple scab season is approaching the end of primary ascospore release, with most ascospores now matured and a large proportion already discharged. We are transitioning out of peak primary infection risk; however, recent infection events and any established lesions can continue to drive secondary spread if not controlled.Recent wetting events earlier this week resulted in infection periods, but the upcoming forecast is relatively dry, which should limit additional infection risk in the short term. Growers should continue to monitor conditions closely and maintain coverage, particularly where primary infections may have already occurred. Models are available through NEWA and RIMpro
Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station
  • ~91–94% ascospore maturity as of April 29–May 1
  • ~62–63% cumulative ascospore discharge to date
  • Forecasted to reach ~95–98% maturity by May 2–6
  • Cumulative ascospore discharge forecasted to increase to ~73% by May 2–6
  • Infection events occurred April 29–30 under sufficient wetting and favorable temperatures
  • Limited infection risk is forecast over the next several days due to dry conditions

While primary scab season is nearing completion, remaining ascospores and recent infection events mean that protection should be maintained until discharge is complete and orchards are scouted for lesions.

Management Considerations

Fungicide programs should be maintained through petal fall and early fruit set, particularly in blocks where infection events occurred this week. However, as primary scab season nears completion and ascospore maturity approaches full discharge, growers should begin planning to wind down intensive scab programs.

One additional well-timed fungicide application over the next week may be sufficient to protect against any remaining ascospore release and recent infection events. Following this, programs can be adjusted based on scouting and the presence or absence of lesions.

Despite widespread freeze injury, protecting foliage remains critical for tree health and return bloom. Programs should continue to prioritize apple scab until primary season is complete, along with powdery mildew and cedar apple rust. Fire blight protection should continue where bloom or trauma blight risk remains.

Recommended Programs

  • Final primary scab spray (next 5–7 days):
    • Mancozeb or Captan + single-site fungicide (use reduced rate when tank mixing)
    • Time this application ahead of any remaining wetting events to protect against final ascospore discharge
  • Primary scab season is nearing completion — begin transitioning out of intensive spray programs
  • One final fungicide application over the next week should be sufficient in most blocks to cover remaining ascospore discharge
  • Recent infection events occurred April 29–30 — ensure coverage was adequate and consider follow-up where needed
  • After this final application, shift to scouting for primary lesions and adjust programs accordingly
  • Do not fully relax programs where foliage health is still a priority, especially in blocks with any remaining crop
  • Powdery mildew remains active under dry conditions
  • Do not tank mix Captan with oil due to phytotoxicity risk

Fireblight

Models

Fire blight risk remains present as we move through the end of bloom and into early post-bloom, particularly in blocks with open blossoms or where freeze injury may have created additional infection sites. Recent conditions included wetting events on April 29–30; however, risk has been relatively low over the past few days.

Forecasts indicate increasing risk heading into early next week, with Cougarblight values rising and infection potential (EIP) expected to increase by May 5–6 under warmer conditions. These conditions may support infection if bloom remains or if trauma events occur.

Given the current outlook, one to two additional bactericide applications may be warranted, particularly in blocks with a history of fire blight, open bloom, or high-value varieties. Applications should be timed ahead of forecasted rain events where possible.

Management Considerations

  • Consider 1–2 additional sprays.
    • Particularly important in blocks with open bloom, recent freeze injury, or known fire blight history
    • Time applications ahead of forecasted wetting events
  • Rotate bactericides.
    • Streptomycin, Kasugamycin, and Oxytetracycline should be rotated to reduce resistance risk
    • Kasumin is labeled through bloom/petal fall only
    • Streptomycin and oxytetracycline may be used post-bloom (FireLine 45 allows only one post-bloom application)
  • Monitor models closely.
    • Use Cougarblight and EIP tools to guide timing
    • Enter your last streptomycin application date to improve model accuracy
  • Be aware of trauma blight risk.
    • Freeze injury, wind, or hail can create entry points for infection even after bloom
  • Plan for aggressive sanitation this season.
    • With reduced crop in many blocks, this is an ideal year to focus on removing infected wood
    • Prune out blighted shoots and cankers during dry conditions to reduce inoculum for future seasons

Monitor:

    • NEWA models
    • Weather/wetting events
    • Phenology
Insect Update

Insect management programs should be adjusted this season based on reduced crop load in many orchards. In blocks with little to no fruit, many early-season insect pests will not require treatment; however, monitoring should continue, and management should be maintained where pests threaten tree health or next year’s crop.

  • Ambrosia Beetle
    • No new significant flight activity has been observed in recent days
    • Peak flight period appears to have passed, though low-level activity may still occur
    • Continue monitoring traps, particularly in stressed, freeze-damaged, declining, or newly planted blocks
    • Freeze-injured trees may remain attractive, so risk is not fully eliminated
    • No additional insecticide applications are needed in most blocks at this time unless activity resumes or trees are under stress
  • Codling Moth (CM)
    • Biofix has been set for southern New Jersey as of April 20, 2026
    • In blocks with little to no crop, CM management programs can often be reduced or delayed, as the risk of economic injury is low; however, monitoring should continue.
    • Mating disruption should remain in place where already deployed; do not remove dispensers, as they will continue to suppress populations
    • Where Mating Disruption has been employed or there is a reduced insecticide program, supplemental Madex applications can be made at the timings listed below if threshold exceeds 5 or more moths per trap per week.
Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)

 Madex

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern April 20 5/4 5/5 5/11 Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off
Northern  NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
  • Other Apple Insects
    • In blocks with little to no crop, many early-season fruit-feeding insects will not require treatment at this time. Continue monitoring, and focus management on pests that impact tree health, terminal growth, or future crop potential.
  • Plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, stink bugs, BMSB, TABM, and OBLR:
    • In most blocks, treatment is not necessary where little to no fruit is present
  • Mites:
    • Continue to use standard thresholds through June
    • Maintaining healthy foliage is important for return bloom next season
  •  Rosy apple aphid:
    • Manage only in cases of severe infestation to avoid excessive leaf curling and shoot distortion
  • Dogwood borer:
    • Manage as needed in blocks with a history of infestation
Summary
  • The recent freeze has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many orchards, with damage now becoming more clearly defined at the block level
  • Some late-developing apple blooms have escaped injury and are setting limited fruit
  • Apple scab season is nearing completion, with most ascospores matured and a large portion already discharged; one final well-timed fungicide application should be sufficient in most blocks
  • Fire blight risk remains in blocks with open bloom or recent injury; 1–2 additional bactericide applications may be warranted based on model predictions and weather conditions
  • Insect management programs can be reduced in many blocks due to low crop, but monitoring should continue and management maintained for pests that impact tree health
  • Maintaining healthy foliage and overall tree vigor remains critical to support return bloom and production for the 2027 season

Pears
Pear Phenology Update

Pear development continued to progress across New Jersey over the past week, and the impacts of the recent freeze event are now becoming more clearly defined. Significant injury to blossoms and young fruit has been confirmed across much of the state, with many orchards reporting substantial crop loss.

Most European pear varieties were at full bloom to early petal fall during the freeze and have sustained widespread damage, particularly in low-lying or frost-prone areas. In many blocks, little to no viable fruit remains, though isolated pockets of surviving fruit may still be present depending on site conditions.

Asian pear varieties, which were generally more advanced at the time of the freeze, appear to have experienced even greater levels of injury in some locations. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage remains variable but is often still substantial in exposed sites.

At this stage, surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify (Figure 2), although some additional drop may still occur over the coming week. Growers should continue to assess blocks carefully before making final management decisions.

Pear fruitlets cut to assess freeze injury—internal tissue appears viable; however, additional drop may occur. Salem County, NJ.

Figure 1. Pear fruitlets cut to assess freeze injury—internal tissue appears viable; however, additional drop may occur. Salem County, NJ.

Despite reduced crop potential, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important, particularly to support return bloom and long-term productivity.

Pear Psylla
  • Pear psylla activity remains low across much of southern New Jersey, with limited observations to date
  • Some variability exists by block, though overall pressure remains light at this time
  • Freeze-damaged orchards may be more susceptible to colonization as stressed trees can favor psylla buildup

Regional Observations:

  • Gloucester County: None observed
  • Salem County: Newly emerged Adults observed
  • Burlington County: No activity observed to date
  • Mercer County: No activity observed to date

As orchards move through petal fall and temperatures warm, psylla populations may increase gradually, particularly in blocks where adults are present. However, given the widespread crop loss this season, economic risk is reduced in many orchards.

Management Considerations

  • In most blocks, immediate treatment is not necessary at this time
  • Continue monitoring for adults, eggs, and early nymphs, especially in historically infested blocks
  • Where management is needed, target newly hatched nymphs, which are the most susceptible stage
  • Focus treatments on blocks with high historical pressure, active populations, or significant freeze stress
  • Even with little to no crop, psylla should be managed where populations build to levels that may impact tree health, vigor, or lead to honeydew and sooty mold accumulation

Recommended Options

  • Movento (IRAC 23) – excellent systemic control of psylla, scale, and aphids (apply with a spreading/penetrating adjuvant for best performance)
  • Actara, Assail, Belay (IRAC 4A) – effective options for psylla control
  • Centaur (IRAC 16) – targets immature stages
  • Sivanto Prime (IRAC 4D) – effective, softer option with good activity
  • Agri-Mek (IRAC 6) – strong option when applied with oil/adjuvant, especially for nymph control

With little to no fruit in many blocks, psylla management should be highly targeted rather than routine. Focus on monitoring and only treat where populations threaten tree health or where there is a history of significant infestation.

Pear Diseases
Fire Blight and Early Season Management

As pear orchards move through petal fall and into early post-bloom, the primary bloom infection period is largely complete. However, fire blight remains a concern, particularly in blocks with freeze injury, where damaged tissue and rapid regrowth increase susceptibility.

The recent freeze has created additional risk for trauma blight, as injured blossoms and developing shoots provide entry points for infection during periods of warm temperatures, wind, or rain. At the same time, widespread crop loss reduces the need for fruit-focused disease programs, shifting management emphasis toward protecting tree health and controlling shoot blight.

At Petal Fall and Post-Bloom:

  • Continue monitoring forecasts using NEWA for fire blight risk, especially following storms or warm periods
  • Discontinue streptomycin after petal fall (not labeled beyond this stage)
  • Kasumin may be used up to petal fall only; do not apply afterward
  • Focus on protecting actively growing shoots, particularly during warm, wet, or stormy conditions
  • In high-risk situations, oxytetracycline (e.g., Mycoshield, FireLine) may be used post-bloom for shoot blight suppression

Management Considerations:

  • Monitor closely for trauma events (hail, wind, heavy rain), which can trigger shoot blight infections
  • Maintain heightened awareness in blocks with a history of fire blight or significant freeze injury
  • Rapid shoot growth under warm conditions increases susceptibility—vigorous orchards are at higher risk
  • With little to no crop in many blocks, focus management on tree health and reducing inoculum for future seasons

Fungicide Considerations (Post-Bloom)

  • Maintain protectant fungicides (e.g., Mancozeb, Ziram) for pear scab and Fabraea leaf spot to protect foliage
  • Use FRAC 3, 7, and premix fungicides (e.g., Inspire Super, Merivon, Luna products) where needed for foliar disease control
  • Rotate FRAC groups to manage resistance and maintain program efficacy
  • In blocks with little to no fruit, fungicide programs can often be reduced and focused on maintaining healthy foliage rather than fruit protection
Summary
  • The recent freeze has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many New Jersey pear orchards, with damage now more clearly defined at the block level.
  • Most orchards are now at petal fall to early post-bloom in southern counties, while northern counties have largely progressed through bloom with variable levels of injury.
  • Asian pear varieties, which were more advanced at the time of the freeze, experienced greater levels of injury in many locations; in most blocks, little to no viable fruit remains.
  • Pear psylla pressure remains low at this time; while populations may increase with warmer temperatures, most blocks do not require immediate treatment, though monitoring should continue—particularly in freeze-stressed or historically infested orchards.
  • Insecticide applications can be reduced in many blocks due to low crop; where needed, target early nymph stages and focus on blocks with active populations or a history of pressure.
  • Pear scab risk peaked during the April 25–27 infection period; current risk is declining, and one additional fungicide application is likely sufficient in most blocks to cover remaining primary infection.
  • Fire blight risk remains a concern in blocks with freeze injury and actively growing shoots; 1–2 additional bactericide applications may be warranted depending on conditions and model predictions.
  • With little to no crop in many orchards, management should shift toward maintaining healthy foliage, reducing inoculum, and supporting return bloom and productivity for the 2027 season.
  • Continued scouting and monitoring of weather conditions, pest activity, and tree response will remain important over the next 7–10 days.

Peaches
Peach Phenology

Peach and nectarine development continued to progress across New Jersey over the past week, and the impacts of the recent freeze event are now becoming more clearly defined. Significant injury to blossoms and young fruit has been confirmed in many orchards, particularly in southern counties.

Most varieties in southern New Jersey were at shuck split during the freeze, a highly sensitive stage, and have sustained substantial crop loss, especially in low-lying or frost-prone areas. In many blocks, little to no viable fruit remains, though isolated pockets of surviving fruit may still be present depending on site conditions.

In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing at the time of the freeze, damage remains variable but is often still significant in more exposed locations. Some blocks may retain limited crop depending on bloom stage and site protection.

At this stage, surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify, although additional drop may still occur over the coming week. Growers should continue to assess crop viability at the block level before making final management decisions.

Despite reduced crop potential, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important to support return bloom and long-term productivity for the 2027 season.

Petal Fall / Early Cover Disease Programs

Given the widespread crop loss in many orchards, disease management programs should be adjusted accordingly. With little to no fruit present in most blocks, emphasis should shift away from fruit protection and toward maintaining tree health and reducing inoculum for next season.

  • Peach scab:
    • In orchards without a history of high disease pressure, scab is generally not a concern in the absence of fruit
    • In blocks with a history of scab, lesions can still develop on current-season shoots and serve as inoculum for next year
    • In these situations, a reduced program may be warranted, with Captan applications timed ahead of significant rainfall events (e.g., ~2.5 lb/A)
  • Bacterial spot:
    • Maintain low-rate copper programs to protect foliage and reduce inoculum for future seasons
    • Particularly important in blocks with a history of bacterial spot or under warm, wet conditions
    • Avoid combining copper with captan, especially following extended cloudy or slow-drying conditions
  • Rusty spot and brown rot:
    • Not a concern in blocks with little to no fruit
    • Fungicide applications targeting these diseases can be eliminated in most orchards this season.
Insect Update

Insect management programs in peaches and nectarines should be adjusted this season based on reduced crop load. In blocks with little to no fruit, many fruit-feeding pests will not require treatment; however, monitoring should continue, and management should focus on pests that impact tree health or future production.

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)

  • OFM biofix has been set for April 7 in southern New Jersey and April 15 in northern counties
  • Degree-day accumulations should continue to be tracked from biofix to time first-generation management
  • In blocks with little to no fruit, OFM pressure will have limited economic impact; however, a well-timed application may still be beneficial to reduce populations, particularly in young blocks or orchards with historically high pressure
  • Where treatment is warranted, first-generation control should be timed around 170–200 DD (base 45°F) after biofix
  • A second treatment can be timed 10-14 days after petal fall where traps capture moths above threshold (>10) at 300-350 DD.
  • Mating disruption should remain in place where already deployed; do not remove dispensers
OFM 1st Generation Timing
  Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days

by 5/3 base 45

 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 288 1st –past

2nd – 5/7-5/9

 1st –past

2nd – 5/4-5/7
Middlesex – Northern 206 1st –4/30-5/2

2nd –

  1st – past

2nd –

Scale

  • Beneficial insects may help suppress populations in many blocks
  • In orchards with a history of infestation, plan to target the crawler stage later in the season
  • In severe infestations, materials such as Esteem or Centaur may be used
  • Where scale is a recurring problem, an application of Centaur at petal fall or Movento between petal fall and shuck split should “clean up” problem blocks. Centaur is recommended at 34.5 ozs./ac and Movento should be applied at 6-9 ozs./ac. A penetrant must be included to Movento as per the product label. Movento will also control green peach aphid when used at this time.
  • Continue monitoring historically infested blocks and planning for crawler management later in the season if populations persist.

Green Peach Aphid

  • Continue scouting as terminals expand and colonies begin to establish
  • Manage populations to prevent leaf curling and shoot distortion
  • Treatment thresholds remain:
    • Nectarines: 1 colony per tree
    • Peaches: 2–3 colonies per tree

Lesser and Greater Peach Tree Borers

  • Growers using mating disruption for borer control can begin placing dispensers around the end of April and should have them in place by mid-May.
  • Even in orchards with little fruit, borers will need to be managed to maintain healthy tree stands for the next season. If this has been a historical pest in your orchard, mating disruption is recommended.
  • Continue monitoring and manage as usual in problem blocks

Other Insects

  • Plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, stink bugs, BMSB, Japanese beetle, TABM, and thrips: In most blocks with little to no fruit, treatment is not necessary

Recommended Options

  • OFM / Leafrollers:
    • Altacor, Asana, Delegate, Besiege, Voliam Flexi
  • Lesser and Greater Peach Tree Borers
    • Asana XL, Pounce 25WG
  • Green Peach Aphid:
    • Assail, Actara, Admire Pro
Summary
  • The recent freeze has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many peach and nectarine orchards, with damage now clearly defined at the block level
  • Most southern New Jersey orchards have little to no viable fruit remaining, while northern orchards show variable but often significant injury depending on bloom stage and site conditions
  • Surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify, though additional drop may still occur over the coming week
  • With minimal crop present, disease management programs can be significantly reduced, with emphasis shifting to maintaining foliage health and reducing inoculum for next season
  • Fruit diseases such as brown rot and rusty spot are not a concern in most blocks this season
  • Insect management programs can also be reduced; most fruit-feeding pests will not require treatment in blocks without crop
  • Oriental fruit moth should still be monitored and may warrant a well-timed application in high-pressure or young blocks to reduce populations
  • Green peach aphid and mites should be managed as needed to protect foliage and support return bloom
  • Maintaining tree health and canopy development remains critical to support productivity for the 2027 season
  • Continued scouting and monitoring of weather, pest activity, and tree response will be important over the next 7–10 days

Blueberries
Blueberry Phenology

Blueberries were observed in bloom throughout Atlantic and Burlington Counties. While the freeze event the week of April 20 had some impact on earlier blooming varieties, later-blooming acreage that did not have significant freeze damage is now hitting peak bloom (Draper, Elliott, etc.).

Insect Update

Scouting activities were conducted across 141 fields in Burlington and Atlantic Counties. Field evaluations focused on the presence of leafrollers, spongy moths, plum curculio, and thrips. There was a minor increase in plum curculio and thrips; however, due to the ongoing pollination period, the application of insecticides is not recommended at this stage.

IPM Data

Leafroller Spongy Moth Plum Curculio Thrips
Avg High Avg High Avg High Avg High
4/17 0.0649 2 0.0001 0.1 0.0686 2.5 0.5547 9
4/25 0.0801 0.8 0.0001 0.1 0.1156 3 1.0383 26

 

Trap Monitoring: Cranberry and cherry fruitworm traps were deployed and will be monitored on a weekly. Scale traps targeting Putnam and terrapin scale will be set up in the coming week to monitor for first-generation crawler emergence and to assist in optimizing treatment timing.

Grapes
Grape Phenology

Grape development across New Jersey has progressed under recent warm conditions, with most vineyards in southern counties moving through early shoot growth stages. In many areas, shoots are now between 1–6 inches, depending on variety and site conditions.

Damage is most apparent in low-lying or frost-prone sites, where primary shoots may have been injured or killed. In these situations, secondary buds are beginning to push (Figure 2) and may help compensate for some crop loss, though overall yield may still be reduced depending on the extent of primary bud injury.

At this stage, vineyards should be assessed for primary shoot viability and uniformity of growth. Blocks with uneven development may require adjustments in management timing over the coming weeks.

Grapevines with secondary bud break.

Figure 2. Grapevines with secondary bud break.

Diseases
Insect Update
  • Insect pests to monitor are grape flea beetle, and climbing cutworms. Controls for these insects are rarely needed.
  • The first generation flight of grape berry moth (GBM) was completed in April. Management of GBM will focus on controlling later generations when they migrate into fields after bloom.
  • Spotted lanternfly nymphs have been observed in southern NJ vineyards (Figure 3). There is no need to control SLF at this time.
    Spotted lanternfly nymphs on grapevines.

    Figure 3. Spotted lanternfly nymphs on grapevines.

    It’s also not too late to scout for and destroy SLF egg masses on posts and trunks.

Filed Under: Blueberry, Fruit, Tree Fruit, Uncategorized, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
April 30, 2026

Networks to Reduce Risk: Field trip to Montclair Community Farms and Program Wrap up

Join us on Saturday, June 13, 2026, for the final event of the Networks to Reduce Risk: Building Viable NJ Farms program! We’re celebrating with a special field trip to Montclair Community Farms from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. This fun wrap‑up event offers a great chance to explore urban agriculture, learn about sustainability and community food systems, and connect with fellow participants. Light snacks and refreshments will be provided, and it’s the perfect opportunity to take photos and close out the program together. Registration is just $5—save your spot today! You can register at: https://go.rutgers.edu/lxjqrrv7
Filed Under: Christmas Trees, Commercial Ag Updates, Field, Forage & Livestock, Fruit, Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Vegetable Crops Tagged With: , , ,
April 27, 2026

South Jersey Wine Grape Twilight

When:     May 20 (Wed) 5:00 PM
Where:    Saddlehill Winery and Vineyards: 1407 White Horse Rd, Voorhees Township, NJ 08043
Credits:  CORE; PP2; 1A; 10

5:00 pm Welcome and Updates
        Bill Green, Owner, Saddlehill Winery
        Hemant Gohil, Gloucester County Extension Agent, Rutgers NJAES

        Drone in Vineyard Applications – Demonstration
        What Should You Know to Legally Fly Drones in Agricultural Applications?
        Nathan Graham, UAV/Drone Specialist, Hoober Inc., PA.

        Field Observations from the Wine Grape IPM Pilot Program
        Janine Spies, Statewide Fruit IPM Program Leader, Rutgers NJAES.

        Insect Pest Management in the Vineyard
        Anne Nielsen, Extension Specialist in Fruit Entomology, Rutgers NJAES.

        Timing, Chemistry, Coverage: The Formula for Effective Disease Control
        Nancy Sharma, Extension Specialist, Fruit Pathology, Rutgers NJAES.

        Weed Management Updates for Vineyard
        Thierry Besancon, Extension Specialist, Weed Science, Rutgers NJAES.

        Pesticide recertification credits and adjourn.

Light fare will be provided. 
If you plan to attend, please email Joan Medany at jmedany@co.gloucester.nj.us or call 856-224-8030. 
For additional assistance, please contact Hemant Gohil at 856-224-8029 before the meeting.

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Filed Under: Blueberry, Cranberry, Fruit, Strawberry, Tree Fruit, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , ,
April 25, 2026 , and

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 4/20/2026

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit development across New Jersey progressed rapidly over the past week under continued warm conditions; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit across much of the state. Reports from across the state indicate substantial losses in many orchards, particularly in low-lying areas and blocks that were at full bloom or petal fall during the freeze. The extent of damage varies by location, variety, and orchard conditions; growers are encouraged to assess injury at the block level before making management decisions.

In apples, early varieties such as ‘Pink Lady’ were at full bloom during the freeze event across the state and are likely to have sustained significant injury. Later varieties and northern regions may have experienced variable damage depending on bloom stage and site conditions. Surviving fruitlets, if present, will become more apparent over the coming week.

In pears, most varieties across the state were at or just past bloom during the freeze, and significant crop loss is being reported. More advanced Asian pears may have experienced higher levels of injury.

Peach and nectarine varieties in southern counties were largely at petal fall to early shuck split during the freeze, and many orchards are reporting severe crop loss. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage levels appear variable but may still be substantial in exposed sites.

Despite crop loss, continued monitoring for pests and diseases remains important, particularly in blocks with surviving fruit or where tree health and next season’s production are priorities.

Management Considerations After Freeze

  • Assess damage before making inputs.
    Wait several days for symptoms to fully develop before making thinning, fertilization, or pest management decisions. Cut buds/fruitlets to check for browning of the ovary to determine viability.
  • Thinning programs may not be needed.
    In blocks with significant crop loss, chemical thinning applications should be reduced or avoided. Where crops remain, adjust rates conservatively based on observed fruit set.
  • Maintain disease management programs.
    Even in blocks with reduced crop, fungicide coverage should be maintained (e.g., apple scab, brown rot) to protect foliage and overall tree health. This is critical for supporting return bloom next season.
  • Fire blight risk remains important.
    Damaged blossoms can still serve as infection sites. Continue to monitor models (e.g., NEWA) and apply bactericides where risk is high and viable bloom remains.
  • Insect management should be adjusted, not eliminated.
    Continue monitoring key pests (e.g., Oriental fruit moth, codling moth, plum curculio). In blocks with little to no crop, insecticide programs may be reduced, but trunk and foliar pests that impact tree health should still be managed.
  • Focus on tree health and next year’s crop. Where crop loss is severe, prioritize maintaining healthy foliage through proper nutrition and disease control to support bud development for the 2027 season.

Apples
Apple Phenology Update

Apple phenology advanced rapidly across New Jersey over the past week under warm conditions; however, a significant freeze event has impacted orchards statewide. Most varieties were pink to full bloom during the freeze, with early varieties in southern counties, such as ‘Pink Lady,’ at full bloom and likely sustaining substantial injury. Later varieties and more northern regions may show variable levels of damage depending on bloom stage and site conditions.

As temperatures remain favorable, development will continue into petal fall, where viable fruit remains. This remains a critical period for disease management, particularly for fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust. Even in blocks with reduced crop, maintaining protection of foliage and any surviving fruit is important for overall tree health and return bloom next season. Monitoring for early-season insect pests should also continue, with management decisions adjusted based on crop presence and block-specific conditions.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County Green Tip Tight Cluster Pink Bud Bloom Petal Fall
Cumberland 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8 4/17
Gloucester 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8 4/17
Burlington 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13 4/22
Mercer 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13 4/22
Middlesex 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/22
Monmouth 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/22
Hunterdon 3/22 4/1 4/10 4/17 TBD
Morris 3/26 4/4 4/11 4/17 TBD
Warren 3/30 4/4 4/13 4/17 TBD
Sussex 3/31 4/10 4/14 4/18 TBD
Bergen 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 TBD
Apple Scab
Models

Apple scab infection risk remains elevated as we move through bloom and into petal fall. Ascospore maturity continues to increase rapidly, and we are in a critical window for primary infection. While recent conditions have been relatively dry, upcoming forecasted wetting events may result in significant ascospore discharge and infection risk. Growers should continue to monitor forecasts closely and maintain fungicide coverage, particularly ahead of rain events. Models are available through NEWA and RIMpro.

Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station
  • ~69–74% ascospore maturity as of April 22–23
  • ~43% cumulative ascospore discharge to date
  • Forecasted to reach ~79–84% maturity by April 24–26
  • Cumulative ascospore discharge forecasted to increase to ~78–82% by April 25–27
  • A combined infection event is forecasted for April 25–26 with sufficient wetting and favorable temperatures for infection

Primary scab season is approaching peak discharge, and maintaining coverage through this period is essential to prevent the establishment of primary infections.

Management Considerations

Fungicide programs should be maintained through bloom and into petal fall, particularly ahead of the forecasted infection event later this week. Despite widespread freeze injury, protecting foliage and any remaining viable fruit is critical for both current and next season’s production.

Programs should prioritize control of apple scab, fire blight (where bloom remains), powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, especially given increasing ascospore maturity and the upcoming wetting period.

Recommended Programs

  • Protectant + single-site tank mix:
    • Mancozeb or Captan + single-site fungicide (use reduced rate when tank mixing)
  • FRAC 3 (DMI fungicides):
    • Rally, Indar, Inspire Super, Topguard, Cevya
    • Strong activity on scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust
  • FRAC 7 fungicides:
    • Fontelis, Miravis, Sercadis
    • Effective for scab and mildew, but limited rust activity
    • Reserve Aprovia for summer bitter rot programs (max 4 applications)
  • FRAC 7 + 11 or 7 + 9 premixes:
    • Merivon, Luna Sensation, Luna Tranquility, Pristine
    • Broad-spectrum activity; good fit during high scab pressure periods
  • FRAC 9 or FRAC 1 fungicides:
    • Vangard, Scala, Topsin
    • Useful for scab, but do not control cedar apple rust
  • Fire blight management:
    • Rotate Kasugamycin, Streptomycin, and Oxytetracycline
    • Kasumin is labeled only through bloom/petal fall
    • Streptomycin and oxytetracycline can be used post-bloom (note: FireLine 45 allows only 1 post-bloom application)
    • Consider Actigard, Apogee/Kudos, or other plant defense elicitors where appropriate

Key Reminders

  • Time applications ahead of rain events – a significant infection period is forecasted around April 25–26
  • Apply on a 3–7 day interval, tightening to 3–5 days during high-risk periods
  • Do not relax fungicide programs despite crop loss – protecting foliage is critical for return bloom
  • Powdery mildew remains active under dry conditions
  • Do not tank mix Captan with oil due to phytotoxicity risk
  • Rotate FRAC groups and preserve FRAC 11 fungicides for summer use

Monitor:

  • NEWA models
  • Weather/wetting events
  • Phenology
Insect Update

Early control is critical to avoiding season-long pressure.

Ambrosia Beetle

  • Significant flight activity has been observed across New Jersey, with high trap captures reported in multiple counties
  • Activity remains elevated, particularly following recent warm temperatures
  • Continue monitoring closely, especially in stressed, freeze-damaged, declining, or newly planted blocks, which remain highly susceptible
  • Freeze-injured trees may be more attractive to ambrosia beetles, increasing risk even in blocks with little to no crop

Codling Moth (CM)

  • Biofix has been set for southern New Jersey as of April 20, 2026
  • No trap capture has occurred in northern New Jersey this season
  • Begin tracking degree-day accumulations from this date to time management applications
  • In blocks with viable crop, early-season control is important to prevent internal fruit feeding later in the season
  • In blocks with little to no crop, CM management programs may be reduced, but monitoring should continue
Summary
  • A significant freeze event has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many orchards
  • Damage varies by block, and crop viability should be assessed before making management decisions
  • Apple scab risk is approaching peak primary infection, with a major infection event forecasted around April 25–26—fungicide coverage is critical ahead of rain
  • Fire blight risk remains in blocks with surviving bloom; continue monitoring models and applying bactericides as needed
  • Even in low-crop blocks, maintaining disease control and tree health is essential to support return bloom for next season

Pears
Pear Phenology Update

Pear development progressed rapidly across New Jersey under recent warm temperatures; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit.

Most European pear varieties in New Jersey were at full bloom to early petal fall during the freeze and are likely to have sustained substantial crop loss, especially in low-lying or frost-prone areas. Damage levels vary by block, and growers should assess viability over the coming days.

Asian pear varieties, which were generally slightly more advanced, may have experienced greater levels of injury in some locations due to increased sensitivity at later bloom stages. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage appears more variable depending on site conditions.

Where viable fruit remains, development will continue into petal fall. Despite potential crop loss, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important to support return bloom and long-term productivity.

Pear Psylla
  • Pear psylla activity remains generally low to moderate across southern New Jersey, though variability exists by block
  • Freeze-damaged orchards may see increased psylla pressure, as stressed trees are more susceptible to colonization

Regional Observations:

  • Gloucester County: None observed
  • Salem County: Adults observed
  • Burlington County: No activity observed to date
  • Mercer County: No activity observed to date

As orchards move through petal fall and temperatures remain warm, psylla populations are expected to increase, particularly where eggs are already present.

Management Considerations

  • Insecticide applications should target newly hatched nymphs, which are the most susceptible stage
  • Timing is critical—applications shortly after egg hatch provide the most effective control
  • Prioritize blocks with historically high pressure, current egg presence, or freeze stress
  • Even in blocks with reduced crop, psylla management remains important to protect tree health and prevent honeydew/sooty mold buildup

Recommended Options

  • Movento (IRAC 23) – excellent systemic control of psylla, scale, and aphids (apply with a spreading/penetrating adjuvant for best performance)
  • Actara (IRAC 4A) – highly effective on psylla and aphids
  • Assail (IRAC 4A) – good activity on psylla and multiple pests
  • Belay (IRAC 4A) – effective option for psylla control
  • Centaur (IRAC 16) – targets immature stages
  • Sivanto Prime (IRAC 4D) – effective, softer option with good activity
  • Agri-mek (IRAC 6) – strong option when applied with oil/adjuvant, especially for nymph control
Pear Diseases
Fire Blight and Early Season Management

As pear orchards move through petal fall, the primary bloom infection period is largely complete; however, fire blight risk remains a concern, particularly under warm conditions and in blocks with freeze-injured tissue.

The recent freeze may increase susceptibility, as damaged blossoms and succulent regrowth provide entry points for infection, especially during rain, wind, or rapid shoot growth.

At Petal Fall and Post-Bloom:

  • Continue monitoring forecasts using NEWA for blight risk, especially following storms
  • Discontinue streptomycin after petal fall (not labeled beyond this stage)
  • Kasumin may be used up to petal fall only; do not apply afterward
  • Focus on protecting actively growing shoots, particularly during warm, wet, or stormy conditions
  • In high-risk situations, oxytetracycline (e.g., Mycoshield/FireLine) may be used post-bloom for shoot blight suppression

Management Considerations:

  • Watch closely for trauma events (hail, wind, heavy rain), which can trigger infections
  • Maintain heightened awareness in blocks with a history of fire blight or freeze injury
  • Rapid shoot growth under warm conditions increases susceptibility—vigorous orchards are at higher risk
  • Be prepared to transition to post-bloom shoot blight management strategies, including timely antibiotic applications where appropriate

Fungicide Considerations (Post-Bloom)

  • Maintain protectant fungicides (e.g., Mancozeb, Ziram) for pear scab and Fabraea leaf spot
  • Use FRAC 3, 7, and premix fungicides (e.g., Inspire Super, Merivon, Luna products) for broad-spectrum disease control
  • Rotate FRAC groups to manage resistance and maintain program efficacy
  • Continue coverage even in low-crop blocks to protect foliage and support return bloom
Pear Scab

RIMpro modeling indicates that infection risk is increasing rapidly, with a significant infection period developing April 25–27. Infection values are reaching moderate to high levels, indicating strong potential for primary infections during this window.

Ascospore availability remains high, and with forecasted wetting events and increasing susceptibility, this represents a critical period for disease management. Even as trees move beyond bloom, maintaining coverage is essential to prevent the establishment of primary scab infections.

At and Past Petal Fall

  • Maintain protective fungicide coverage, especially ahead of the April 25–27 infection period
  • Apply prior to rain events, as infection occurs during leaf wetness periods
  • If ≥2 inches of rainfall occurs after an application, consider reapplication to maintain protection
  • Conditions are favorable for infection under cool, wet weather with extended leaf wetness

Recommended Options

  • Protectants: Mancozeb, Ziram, Ferbam
  • Resistance-risk materials: Procure, Cevya, Flint, Merivon, Luna Sensation, Inspire Super
  • Vangard – use in tank mix with a protectant
Summary

A significant freeze event has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss in many New Jersey pear orchards, with damage varying by block and site conditions.

  • Most pear varieties in southern counties are now at petal fall to early post-bloom, while northern counties range from full bloom to late bloom
  • Asian pear varieties, which were more advanced, may have experienced greater levels of freeze injury in some locations
  • Pear psylla pressure remains low to moderate, but populations are expected to increase with warm temperatures and may be higher in freeze-stressed blocks
  • Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, with a focus on targeting early nymph hatch and prioritizing high-pressure or stressed orchards
  • Pear scab risk is increasing, with a high-risk infection period forecasted around April 25–27—fungicide coverage should be maintained ahead of rainfall
  • Fire blight risk remains elevated, particularly in blocks with freeze injury and actively growing shoots; monitor for trauma events and late infection risk
  • Even in blocks with reduced crop, maintaining disease control and tree health is critical to support return bloom and productivity next season
  • Continued scouting and close monitoring of weather conditions, pest activity, and tree response will be essential over the next 7–10 days

Peaches
Peach Phenology
  • Peach and nectarine development progressed rapidly across New Jersey under recent warm temperatures; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit, particularly in southern counties.
  • Most varieties in southern New Jersey were at shuck split during the freeze, a highly sensitive stage, and are likely to have sustained substantial crop loss, especially in low-lying or frost-prone areas. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage appears more variable depending on site conditions and variety.
  • Development will continue to advance under favorable temperatures, with any surviving fruit progressing through shuck split into early fruit development. Over the coming week, growers should assess crop viability at the block level as injury becomes more apparent.
  • Despite potential crop loss, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important to support return bloom and long-term productivity.
Brown Rot

Blossom blight risk is declining as orchards move through petal fall; however, brown rot remains a concern on young fruitlets, particularly under warm, wet conditions. The recent freeze may have increased susceptibility, as damaged blossoms and fruitlets can serve as infection sites.

Infection is favored during wetting periods between 41–86°F (optimal mid-70s), and risk remains elevated during extended wet periods. Fruitlets remain susceptible through shuck split, after which natural resistance begins to increase.

Management Considerations

  • Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall
  • Focus on protecting young fruitlets, particularly in blocks with a history of brown rot
  • If prolonged wetting occurred during bloom, ensure continued protection post-bloom
  • Rotate fungicide chemistries to reduce resistance risk

Recommended Petal Fall / Early Cover Materials

  • Effective options:
    • Indar, Inspire Super, Luna Sensation, Merivon, Pristine, Cevya, Flint Extra
  • Additional options:
    • Rovral (prior to petal fall timing only)
    • Captan (useful in cover sprays)

Notes:

  • Many of the most effective materials (FRAC 7, 11, 3) also play key roles in pre-harvest brown rot control—plan rotations accordingly
  • Avoid over-reliance on any single FRAC group
  • Abound and Quadris Top are highly effective, but are phytotoxic to apples—do not use if the same sprayer is used across crops

Petal Fall / Early Cover Disease Programs

  • Peach scab:
    • Cankers begin to expand at bloom and by shuck split begin to shed spores during wetting periods, so protective applications should be initiated starting at petal fall.
    • Captan or Captan/Topsin combinations are good for cover sprays after shuck split for blocks that had scab last year.
    • Apply Flint Extra or Abound at petal fall for anti-sporulant activity in high-pressure blocks.
  • Bacterial spot:
    • Begin protection at petal fall in susceptible blocks using copper or Mycoshield, especially under warm, wet conditions.
    • Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days.
  • Rusty spot:
    • Programs should begin at petal fall, with Rally commonly used as the first application.
Insect Update

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)

  • OFM traps are active across New Jersey, with biofix set for April 7 in South NJ and April 15 for most counties in North NJ.
  • Degree-day accumulation should be tracked from this date to properly time first-generation management. The first insecticides for first generation Oriental Fruit Moth control should be applied at 170-200 degree days (base 45 deg F) after biofix. This timing generally coincides with petal fall in peaches. Do not apply insecticides until all bloom is off regardless of degree day timing. No Insecticides for OFM should be needed where Mating Disruption is implemented.
  • As blocks move through petal fall, growers should begin preparing for first cover applications targeting OFM larvae. Timings can be calculated using the degree day calculator at the NEWA website by choosing the weather station nearest your farm, entering the biofix date as the start date, and choosing base 45 in the “degree day type” menu.
  • Keep in mind that plum curculio is also active at petal fall so an insecticide that targets both pests should be selected, like Asana or Avaunt.
OFM 1st Generation Timing
  Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days

by 4/24 base 45

 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 235 1st –4/18-4/23

2nd –

 1st –past

2nd –
Middlesex – Northern 133 1st –4/30-5/2

2nd –

  1st – 4/22-4/28

2nd –

Scale

  • Delayed dormant oil applications are complete for most orchards.
  • Where oil was not applied or in orchards where scale is a recurring problem, an application of Centaur at petal fall or Movento between petal fall and shuck split should “clean up” problem blocks. Centaur is recommended at 34.5 ozs./ac and Movento should be applied at 6-9 ozs./ac. A penetrant must be included to Movento as per the product label. Movento will also control green peach aphid when used at this time.
  • Continue monitoring historically infested blocks and planning for crawler management later in the season if populations persist.

Green Peach Aphid

  • GPA colonies begin forming sometime during bloom. Examine trees for the presence of colonies from pink to shuck split.
  • Continue scouting as terminals expand, and colonies begin to establish.
  • Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold:
    • Nectarines: 1 colony per tree
    • Peaches: 2–3 colonies per tree

Lesser and Greater Peach Tree Borers

  • Growers using mating disruption for borer control can begin placing dispensers around the end of April and should have them in place by mid-May.

Petal Fall Considerations

Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall.

  • Target key pests including:
    • OFM (timed by degree-days from biofix)
    • Plum curculio
    • Tarnished plant bug and other catfacing isnects
    • Green peach aphid

Early applications should focus on preventing the establishment of first-generation pests, particularly in blocks with a history of pressure

Recommended Petal Fall Options

  • OFM / Leafrollers:
    • Altacor, Asana, Delegate, Besiege, Voliam Flexi
  • Plum Curculio / Catfacing Insects:
    • Imidan, Avaunt, Actara, pyrethroids (e.g., Warrior II, Lambda-Cy)
  • Green Peach Aphid:
    • Assail, Actara, Admire Pro
Summary
  • Most peach and nectarine varieties in southern New Jersey are at petal fall to shuck split, while northern counties are at full bloom to petal fall.
  • The freeze event earlier this week has resulted in significant impact across the state, although the effect on projected crop yield is currently unknown.
  • Brown rot risk remains present, particularly during wetting events, with young fruitlets susceptible through shuck split.
  • Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall.
  • OFM biofix was set for 4/7 for southern counties and 4/15 for northern counties, and growers should continue tracking degree-day accumulation to time first-generation management.
  • Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, targeting key pests including OFM, plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, and green peach aphid.
Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Disease Forecasting, Fruit, Tree Fruit Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,