Archives for May 2024

Cryptomeria Scale, Elongate Hemlock Scale, and Bagworms in Conifers – Control Window Approaching!

Projected GDD50 accumulation as of 5/23/2024 (for June – July)
CODE	Location	23-May	1-Jun	15-Jun	1-Jul	15-Jul
NJ50	Upper Deerfield (South)	501	678	977	1383	1786
D2738	Mays Landing (South)	500	667	943	1327	1711
NJ10	Howell (Central)	407	568	833	1203	1577
NJ36	Parsippany (Central)	389	548	795	1141	1491
E7133	Belvidere (North)	432	592	836	1178	1523
N59	High Point (North)	345	486	706	1020	1338
USPEST.ORG – Model: simple average/growing degree-day, Min: 50F – Max: 95F, NMME forecast
Forecast:  7-month NMME based seasonal climate forecast (USPEST.ORG) – Subject to change regularly = Check Often

 

Cryptomeria Scale – Click here for full Cryptomeria Scale write-up (with pictures)

(Adapted from Steve Rettke – RCE post above)

Crawlers Generation 1: 600-800 GDDs (first few weeks of June in NJ)

• Similar to many other armored scale species, the Cryptomeria scale has more than one generation of crawlers during the growing season. In New Jersey, this scale has two crawler generations per year, Crawlers are lemon yellow in color & because of the color contrast can typically be easy to observe on needles, even without a hand lens. Unfortunately, the crawler emergence periods of both generations of the Cryptomeria scale are not restricted to only a week or two. Their more prolonged crawler periods can extend for 4 weeks or even longer, although a large percentage of crawlers will occur during the first 2 weeks after emergence begins.

Crawlers Generation 2: 1750-2130 GDDs (end of July early August in NJ)

Control options: When applying control materials with short residuals (e.g., horticultural oils), the use of multiple applications will probably be required to achieve a more complete crawler suppression. If a single application is desired, then oils plus synthetic pyrethroids can provide a 3-week residual. Examine infested trees closely to determine if significant predators or parasitoids are presently active. When numerous, these beneficials can be extremely valuable to help with suppression. Therefore, the use of horticultural oil applications alone will help conserve the beneficials & still control crawlers when coverage is adequate. The use of most of the neonicotinoid insecticides (e.g., Merit) will not achieve satisfactory controls (maybe only 30-40% efficacy). However, the usage of dinotefuran (Safari) as a soil drench or bark spray has been shown to give excellent results against armored scales, with some studies showing 90% efficacy. The extremely high-water solubility of Safari allows this material to penetrate the plant cells where the scales are feeding.

Elongate Hemlock Scale – Click here for more information (with pictures)

(Adapted from Steve Rettke – RCE post above)

First crawler emergence: 360-700 GDDs (Late May – June in NJ)

• Female covers are oval, flat, tan/translucent; males are whitish. There may be six or more scales per needle. Yellow spots appear on needles under light feeding and foliage appears thin; in heavy infestations, needle drop occurs, and trees may be killed. Adult females have an exceptionally long egg-laying period (lasting throughout the summer) with two overlapping generations. Crawlers (immatures) are noticeable in late May, in conjunction with new growth. Although there are only two generations per year, crawlers can emerge over an extended period. Look for the tiny crawlers using a 10-15x hand-lens.

Control options: Pyriproxyfen (Distance) is an insect growth regulator & can provide good suppression. It is classified as a “reduced risk” material by the EPA. Dinotefuran (Safari) is a neonicotinoid that has been a product of choice to control armored scales for more than a decade. Imidacloprid (Merit) is highly effective controlling the hemlock woolly adelgid but will not provide satisfactory control of elongate hemlock scales. Acephate (Orthene) has translaminar properties within foliage & can provide some suppression.

 

Bagworms 

Bagworms should begin hatching NOW through – 4 weeks in NJ, beginning in the southern regions. Now is an optimal time to get this pest on your radar and prepare materials or approaches to attack first/second instar caterpillars. The control window for this pest is typically between 600-900 GDD₅₀  when they begin to hatch and become airborne, i.e. the “ballooning” phase. It is important to check for egg-hatch prior to applications for greatest chemical efficacy, and to continue scouting as they often hatch and develop at asynchronous rates.

It is critical to target these insects EARLY!

Bagworm management – mechanical: If eggs have not hatched: hand-remove sacs/bags. Typically female/egg filled sacs are higher in the canopy so keep that in mind while scouting. This removes the problem from the field or landscape.

Treatment options for Lepidoptera (caterpillars) to have at the ready – containing: B.t. (Bacillus thuringiensis), spinosad , bifenthrin ), cyfluthrin, carbaryl, chlorantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyclaniliprole + flonicamid, Lambda-cyhalothrin, cyantraniliprole, Indoxacarb.  NOTE – Lethal pesticide doses are important, as sub-lethal doses can trigger early pupation, making the pest all but invincible to chemical or biological treatments. Follow label exactly.

IT IS CRITICAL TO ROTATE MATERIALS (Rotate between IRAC groups) 

DISCLAIMER: The label is the law, always refer to it for allowable host crops, use-restrictions, application rates, reapplication intervals, re-entry intervals (REI), and mix compatibility information. Production and pesticide information on this site are for private/commercial pesticide applicators and landscape professionals only, and are NOT for home gardener use. Provided materials represent examples and do not cover all possible control scenarios. Please contact your local agent or chemical sales representative for more information or to discuss additional pest management options.

BAGWORMS (600-900 GDD) (Bagworm hatch prediction as of 5/20/24)
Crop type	Common Name	Scientific Name	GDD Min (50F)	GDD Max (95F)	Reference	Developmental / Target Stage
Conifer mostly, many minor hosts	Bagworm	Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis	600	900	RU	Larvae (early instars) – ONLY CONTROL WINDOW
Region	Location	Station	Date (600 GDD)	Date (900 GDD)	*Treatment window	*Bagworm Hatch – Predictions only, SCOUTING is critical! Treat as soon as larvae detected.      Remove any ‘bags’ prior to hatch if possible
South	Upper Deerfield	NJ50	29-May	12-June	13 days
Central	Howell / Freehold	NJ10	4-June	19-June	15 days
North	High Point	NJ59	11-June	26-June	15 days

 

Please download and print the Rutgers Nursery and Landscape Pest Scouting Guide  or  Conifer and Christmas Tree Pest Scouting Guide and refer to this post “Obtaining your local growing degree-days (GDD)” for additional information.  (See pest scouting guides for complete list of references) 

Please SHARE what you SEE!! If you see a pest, disease, otherwise interesting or troublesome issue please report it to the Working Group by following the QR Code on the front of the Pest Scouting Guides or by filling out this reporting form.