Archives for June 2022

June 1, 2022

Kentucky’s Combine Checklist to Prevent Wheat Bin Pests

In anticipation of the beginning of combine season, please check the following  resources to minimize stored grain losses or quality deductions.

High humidity has prevailed throughout much of southern New Jersey since Mid-May with most days registering above 90 degrees relative humidity. The rain event beginning on May 27th brought and inch to two-inches of rainfall to some areas of Salem County where small grains are rapidly maturing and lanternfly nymphs in rosebeds are rapidly emerging.

Memorial Day weekend gave producers a three day window to mow, swath and rake hay for dry baling today and tomorrow before thunderstorms are forecasted. Remember, last year was a high grasshopper egg laying season. If you noticed a significant number of grass hoppers in hay swathing or wheat combining this month, be on the alert for increasing grasshopper pressure on all other crops going into the rest of the summer.

 

Kentucky Pest News:

IPM 20-point Checklist for Controlling Insects in Stored Wheat

Other resouces for producers monitoring disease at this time:

Expert Commentary by Wheat Region: This window will popup when you click on the link to the wheatscab risk site https://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/

Table 3 summarizing some observed weather conditions required for toxin production in grain crops: A great resource on grain mycotoxins.

https://www.extension.iastate.edu/grain/topics/MycotoxinsintheGrainMarket.htm

 

Filed Under: Disease Forecasting, Field, Forage & Livestock, Uncategorized, Vegetable Crops
June 1, 2022

Farms and the New Jersey Cottage Food Law – Q&A

New Jersey farms may be interested in adding Cottage Food products to their product line at their farm stands and markets. The Cottage Food Law is very specific about the types of products it covers, the total sales value of the Cottage Food products, and the production location of these products. Municipalities must be consulted prior to a permit application submittal, and we know of some instances where local ordinances and zoning have prohibited Cottage Food activities. Answers to some common questions are below.

What type of business can operate under the NJ Cottage Food Law?
Businesses who choose to produce products allowed under the law (see below), using a home kitchen, and who sell less than $50,000 of cottage food law covered products must comply with the provisions of the Cottage Food Law. The law allows production of the products listed below only in home kitchens. No other facilities may be used for the production of these Cottage Food items.

What are the food items covered by the NJ Cottage Food Law?
Baked goods that do not require refrigeration.
Candies
Chocolate covered nuts and fruits
Dried fruit
Dried herbs and seasonings, and mixes
Dried pasta
Dry baking mix
Fruit jams, fruit jellies, and fruit preserves
Fruit pies, fruit empanadas, fruit tamales (not pumpkin)
Fudge
Granola, cereal, and trail mix
Sweet sorghum syrup
Nuts and nut mixtures
Nut butters
Popcorn and caramel corn
[Read more…]

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Food Safety, Fruit, Vegetable Crops
June 1, 2022

Tree Fruit IPM Report for June 1, 2022

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Bacterial spot fruit symptoms started to appear last week statewide. These infections occurred during the mothers day storm. So far levels of fruit infection are very low however we have not yet seen the development of symptoms from recent rain events. Leaf symptoms appear after 1 week and fruit symptoms take 3 weeks to appear. Growers should continue to manage aggressively to suppress infection events. Fruit will become less susceptible to infection at pit hardening which should occur around the middle of June.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/11 in southern counties, and on 4/14 in northern counties. The first generation timings are updated below.

Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days by  6/1 base 45 Conventional

1150-1200 1450-1500

 Diamide

1075-1150 1375-1450
Gloucester – Southern 796 1st –6/11-6/13

2nd –too far off

 1st –6/8-6/11

2nd –too far off
Middlesex – Northern 718 1st –6/10-6/12

2nd –too far off

 1st –6/7-6/10

2nd –too far off

 

Plum Curculio; Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Plum Curculio start to move into orchards at about 88-100 degree days base 50 after January 1. Applications for PC should be initiated once all petals are off, with a second application made with ovicidal materials at 379-402 DD. Growers can monitor degree day development at their site by finding the nearest weather station and using the degree day development tool at NEWA. PC activity should be past peak and decreasing excpet in high pressure orchards. Catfacing insect activity is increasing with the arrival of hot weather and are present at moderate to high levels in some orchards.

Scale Insects: White peach scale (WPS) crawlersshould be past peak emergence in southern counties. San Jose scale (SJS) crawlers began emergence last week and will continue until the first week of July. If you have scale infestations on your trees, it is important to note if crawlers are present, even if you treated with oil in the early spring. If crawlers are present then treatment options include Esteem, Movento, Centaur, Venerate, and Diazinon. Esteem, Centaur, Venerate and Movento should be applied at the beginning of crawler emergence. Movento requires a penetrant as per the label. Venerate should be be applied at the low rate of 1 qt/A and may need more than one application. Diazinon is labeled for only one post bloom or foliar application on stone fruit (Rec = max. of 2 lb/acre of the 50W). The apple label allows up to 2 foliar applications per year as long as a prebloom application was not made. Foliar applications may cause russet on apples, but has worked in the field for scale crawlers as long as applications are made 1-2 weeks after the start of crawler emergence and again 2 weeks later. Belay and Assail are also effective against scale crawlers but may need more than one application during the emergence which typically lasts about 4 weeks for WPS and 6 weeks for SJS.

Lesser Peach Tree Borer and Peach Tree Borer: Lesser Borer adults are flying in all growing regions. Greater Peach tree borers are not being caught in traps yet. If you haven’t placed mating disruption dispensers yet there is still time to get them out before the greater peach tree borer flight which usually begins in June.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Fire blight and Scab are present at low levels in a few orchards. Fire Blight should be cut out using the ugly stub method. Summer scab, rots and sooty blotch and fly speck are the main targets at this stage. Where scab is present rely primarily on protectant fungicides. Last year Captan plus a phosphite like Prophyt was observed to slow scab development as well as provide good summer disease control.

Codling Moth (CM): The first codling moth flight has started. A biofix was set for CM on April 25th in southern counties, and May 6 in Northern counties (Middlesex County). No biofix has yet been set for northern counties. Timings are updated below.

Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later

 Cyd-X, Madex

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern April 25 5/7 5/12 5/15 5/31 5/21 5/21 6/4
Northern May 6 5/14 5/16 5/19 6/3 5/24 5/24 6/8

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix was set statewide on May 6. The first alternate middle applications for TABM will be on or about June 1 in all counties. This has been considered a minor pest in recent years. With the exception of Assail and and granulosis virus formulations (e.g. Madex), most materials used for Codling Moth will control TABM.

Grapes: Bloom is the critical time to protect against cluster infections from Downy and Powdery Mildew; Black rot; Botrytis; and ripe rot. Dr. Nita at Virginia Tech has a comprehensive summary of fungicide choices for bloom. Growers should also monitor wild grape bloom near thier vineyard and record the date the first wild grape bloom occurs. This is important for grape berry moth management using the NEWA Grape Berry Moth tool. Wild grape trace bloom was observed on May 25 in Gloucester County.

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

Weekending STLM TABM-A CM AM OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/9/2022 2 0 0
4/16/2022 0 2 3
4/23/2022 11 0 0 28 5 0 0
4/30/2022 5 0 1 31 4 0 0
5/7/2022 5 1 3 50 4 0 0
5/14/2022 8 5 3 19 2 0 0
5/21/2022 3 5 5 20 2 7 3
5/28/2022 0 19 3 13 0 11 36

 

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties

Weekending STLM TABM-A CM AM OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/9/2022
4/16/2022 0 0 1
4/23/2022 0 0 2 0
4/30/2022 0 0 2.5 0
5/7/2022 0 1 4 0
5/14/2022 1 2 0 5 0.5 0 0
5/21/2022 6 8 4 27 2 5 6 5 0
5/28/2022 34 19 3 6 13 1 23 15 0

 

Pest Event or Growth Stage Approximate Date 2022 Observed Date
 Bud Swell (Redhaven)  March 23 +/- 15 Days March 20
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious March 31 +/- 13 Days March 21
Pink Peach (Redhaven) April 4 +/- 15 Days March 31
Tight Cluster Red Delicious April 9 +/- 13 Days March 31
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven) April 9 +/- 14 Days April 10
Pink Apple (Red Delicious) April 14 +/- 12 Days April 14
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) April 22 +/- 11 Days April 21
Petal Fall (Redhaven) April 22 +/- 10 Days April 14
Petal Fall (Red Delicious) April 27 +/- 13 Days May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven) April 30 +/- 11 Days April 26
Pit Hardening June 15 +/- 9 Days

 

Filed Under: Tree Fruit, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , ,