June 29, 2023

Fourth of July Cookout Costs

According to the American Farm Bureau a Fourth of July Cookout will cost $67.73 for a party of 10, down 3% from last year’s record high. Cookout favorites include cheeseburgers, chicken breasts, pork chops, homemade potato salad, strawberries and ice cream, among other products.  For more information: please see AFBF Fourth of July Cookouts.

As you prepare for your cookout, please remember food safety risks whenever preparing food, particularly for outdoor consumption.  Please see these Rutgers Factsheets:   Serving Food Safely and Handling Leftovers Safely.  (Authored by Sara Elnakib, PhD, MPH, RDN, Family & Community Health Sciences Educator, Rutgers Cooperative Extension and Don Schaffner, Rutgers Extension Specialist in Food Science).

sCooking temperature poster

 

 

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Field, Forage & Livestock, Food Safety, Uncategorized
June 13, 2023

Got leaves?

Have you taken a look at your sycamore lately? Seeing any leaves this spring? Looks like a little problem!

brown, angular leaf spots on plane tree leaves

Classic angular leaf spot and twig blight of sycamore anthracnose. Photo: Richard Buckley, Rutgers PDL

Samples of deciduous shade trees diagnosed with anthracnose have steadily found their way into Rutgers Plant Diagnostic Laboratory this spring. Anthracnose is a common fungal disease of shade trees that results in angular leaf spots, cupping or curling of leaves, and premature defoliation. Green stems and twigs can become infected, causing twigs to dieback and overwintering cankers to form. We’ve had samples of sycamore and London plane tree, but have also had ash, beech, maple and a bunch of oaks.

water-soaked, necrotic spots on distorted ash leaves

Ash anthracnose causes necrotic spots and distorted leaves. Photo: Richard Buckley, Rutgers PDL

The fungi responsible for anthracnose in shade trees are all unique. The fungus that attacks sycamore is not the same as the fungi that cause ash, beech, dogwood, maple, or oak anthracnose. Each tree species has a specific fungus causing its own anthracnose disease, so for example, the beech anthracnose fungus does not infect oaks and the oak anthracnose fungus does not infect maples and so on.

brown, angular spots on silver maple leaves

Marginal necrosis and irregularly-shaped, angular leaf spots on silver maple (Acer saccharinum). Photo: Sabrina Tirpak, Rutgers PDL

Infections by anthracnose causing fungi are favored by cool, wet conditions during the budbreak period in the spring. When the weather favors one of these fungi, it generally favors all of them, so we see the disease to some degree on many different hosts. Anthracnose fungi survive winter in buds, small twig cankers, or fallen leaves depending on which types of trees and fungi are involved. In the spring, the spores are moved by wind and water to newly forming leaves. The longer the weather conditions remain cool and wet, the more damage one can expect. Once the weather becomes dry and the leaves mature, the disease cycle ends and the tree will replace lost leaves with new ones.

brown spots along beech leaf veins

Beech anthracnose. Photo: Sabrina Tirpak, Rutgers PDL

Anthracnose can cause a very visible leaf lesion, and depending on the fungus/tree species dynamic, may defoliate the tree. Sycamore anthracnose causes a very significant defoliation, while beech anthracnose rarely does. Furthermore, it is not uncommon for the causal fungus to kill the buds before they open in the spring. It’s also not uncommon for the fungus to kill new green stems and twigs. Although these diseases often seem severe, they have little long-term impact on overall tree health. Leaves and buds damaged early in the season are often replaced by mid-summer.

distorted oak leaves with small spots

Small spots with yellow borders and distorted leaves, caused by oak anthracnose. Photo: Sabrina Tirpak, Rutgers PDL

So, what do we do about anthracnose? Not much, really! Rake and remove fallen leaves. Improve plant vigor with fertilization and irrigation in times of drought, and prune all of the dead and dying limbs. Fungicides can be used to prevent the problem in high-value trees. Begin treatments at budbreak to protect the new growth and repeat the treatments 2-3 times at the label specified intervals. Proper timing and good coverage are essential, which will necessitate a licensed professional applicator to make the applications.

By the way, it is too late for fungicide protection this season!

Fungal diseases in most ornamental plants can be prevented with applications of one or a combination of the following active ingredients: FRAC M3 mancozeb; FRAC M5 chlorothalonil; FRAC 1 thiophanate-methyl; FRAC 3 metconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, tebuconazole, triademefon, triflumizole; FRAC 7 boscalid, flutolanil, oxycarboxin; FRAC 11 azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin; FRAC 12 fludioxonil; and/or FRAC 19 polyoxin-D. Be sure to follow all label specifications for the host plant, the specific diseases controlled, as well as rates, dilution, and timing.

Filed Under: Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Plant Diagnostic Lab, Uncategorized Tagged With: , ,
June 9, 2023 and

Tree Fruit IPM Report for 06/09/23

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Fruit symptoms from this set of infections have begun to appear in southern counties. So far fruit symptoms are very low and only in highly susceptible varieties. One of the few benefits of a dry spring dry spell is lower disease incidence. Peaches are close to pit hardening and at that point fruit will develop some resistance to bacterial spot. Infection s can still occur but will be less unsightly and may still make grade. Growers should continue to manage using Oxytetracyclene and lower rates of copper, especially around rainy periods and severe weather.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  All timings for first generation OFM have past.

OFM 2nd Generation Timing
Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days by  6/9 base 45 Conventional

1150-1200

 Diamide

1075-1150
Gloucester – Southern 888 1st –6/21-6/23

2nd – too far off

 1st –6/17-6/19

2nd – too far off
Middlesex – Northern 862 1st –6/22-24

2nd – too far off

 1st –6/18-6/20

2nd – too far off

Plum Curculio; Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Plum Curculio start to move into orchards at about 88-100 degree days base 50 after January 1. Applications for PC should be initiated once all petals are off, with a second application made with ovicidal materials at 379-402 DD. Additional applications with effective materials may be made between 520 and 730 DD base 50. Currently we have accumulated about 702 DD base 50 in southern counties, and 630 DD base 50 in northern counties. Growers can monitor degree day development at their site by finding the nearest weather station and using the degree day development tool at NEWA. Catfacing insects are active, and activity is increasing with fry weather and summer temperatures. Very little recent fruit feeding has been observed.

Scale Insects: White peach scale crawlers should be at peak crawler emergence in southern counties. San jose scale crawlers began emergence about 5/31. SJS crawlers typically peak in mid-June and continue emergence for up to 6 weeks. Control options during crawler emergence include Neonicitiniods (suppression only), and the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide and the product labels for more information.

Thrips: If the current dry spell continues Flower Thrips may become an issue in highly colored ripening fruit, especially in poorly managed ground covers that contain clover or other flowering weeds. Thrips damage appears as “silvering” and usually appears on fruit close to harvest.

Early Season Thrip Injury on Nectarine

Fig. 1. Early Season Thrips “silvering” on Nectarine.

If populations are high damage can be extensive. Presence of thrips may be scouted for using a beating tray to detect the presence of adults and nymphs in the tree. Flowering weeeds and shrubs on orchard edges may also be scouted by shaking flowers onto a beating tray or a sheet of paper. Delegate or Entrust at the highest labeled rate are the usual recommended materials for thrips in stone fruit. Lannate may be effective in some orchards but has not worked well in recent years. These materials all have short PHI’s and may be applied close to harvest when damage typically appears. Thrips have also been observed to mark cherries. Damage is different than peach and appears as a dark streak in a similar pattern as silvering. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Now that primary scab has ended, the focus turns toward summer diseases such as fruit rots (esp. Bitter rot), and sooty blotch and fly speck. Bitter rot control has been difficult at best in recent years even where management programs have been rigorous. Research has suggested products such as Merivon, Luna Sensation and Inspire Super may be effective, and longtime reliable broad spectrum fungicides such as captan and ziram should provide control. Experience has suggested that the addition of phosphorous acid products such as Prophyt or Rampart to captan sprays may improve control. Observations are that these products improve control of other summer diseases such as sooty blotch and flyspeck, and may help suppress scab infections where present.

Fire Blight: Fire Blight symptoms began appearing in southern county apple and pear orchards the week of 5/1. Typically it is recommended to cut out infected limbs however this is a practical decision that must be made. This blog post from Michigan State may be helpful to decide whether it is worth cutting out infected tissue. Once the terminal buds set, typically in July, infected wood should be removed to prevent colonization by the bitter rot pathogen.

Codling Moth (CM): The first codling moth flight has started.  A biofix was set for CM on April 17th in both northern and southern counties. Trap captures began increasing again in southern counties this week. Timings are updated below.

Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)

 Cyd-X, Carpovirusine

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern April 17 past past past 6/7 past past 6/11
Northern  April 17  past  past  past 6/8 past past 6/13

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix for TABM was set in southern county orchards on 5/8. Nothing needs to be done for TABM at this point. The first alternate middle applications for TABM will be on or about 6/12 in southern counties. This has been considered a minor pest in recent years. Many materials used for Codling Moth will also control TABM.

Pear:  Second generation pear psylla began hatching about 5/15. Options for control include spynosyn products such as Delegate and Entrust, and the neocitinoids (IRAC group 4A). The addition of 0.25-1 gal of summer oil may improve control. Other options include Movento, the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur, and products containing abamectin. Be sure to read and follow the label instructions regarding the addition of penetrants for abamectin products. Pear Psylla are still actively laying eggs and nymphs continue to hatch.

Grape: Early blooming native grapes were at 50% bloom on 5/24, therefore we have set the the Grape Berry Moth biofix at 5/24 for southern counties. Typically we would use the bloom date for V. riparia to set the biofix date, however the usual locations we have used in the past did not have viable vines to look at, and it is difficult to scout new locations for V. riparia this year. Since V. riparia typically blooms with early natives we used Concord and Ives to set the biofix. The model works best when growers record their own bloom dates and use the Grape Berry Moth model at NEWA. Applications for GBM using Intrepid or Diamides should be made at 810 DD base 47. Other effective materials can be applied a few days later. Currently we are at 167 DD in southern counties. Applications have been historically made around the end of June in southern counties.

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/15/2023 433 20 1
4/23/2023 423 1 13 8 4
4/30/2023 417 7 15 4 1 0
5/06/2023 9 2 3 1 0 0
5/13/2023 18 2 7 2 3 0 6 6
5/20/2023 5 18 6 0 51 0 13 67
5/27/2023 1 11 4 0 17 0 11 49
6/03/23 3 8 2 1 24 0 13 65

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/8/2023 10
4/15/2023 20 3
4/30/2023 28 11 6
5/06/2023 22 2 19 9
5/13/2023 34 1 3 2 5 0
5/20/2023 31 6 7 1 6 0
5/27/23 16 18 4 1 17 3 11
6/03/23 12 26 2 0 17 2 12

Phenology Table: Based on annual observations made in Gloucester County.

Pest Event or Growth Stage Approximate Date 2023 Observed Date
 Bud Swell (Redhaven)  March 23 +/- 15 Days March 7
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious March 31 +/- 13 Days March 27
Pink Peach (Redhaven) April 4 +/- 15 Days March 24
Tight Cluster Red Delicious April 9 +/- 13 Days April 7
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven) April 9 +/- 14 Days April 4
Pink Apple (Red Delicious) April 14 +/- 12 Days April 11
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) April 22 +/- 11 Days April 16
Petal Fall (Redhaven) April 22 +/- 10 Days April 15
Petal Fall (Red Delicious) April 27 +/- 13 Days  May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven) April 30 +/- 11 Days April 21
Pit Hardening June 15 +/- 9 Days

 

 

Filed Under: Tree Fruit, Uncategorized, Wine Grape
May 24, 2023

Tree Fruit IPM Report for May 25, 2023

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Generally we recommend starting at 0.5 ozs metallic copper and gradually lowering the rate as the season progresses. The rate applied will depend on the formulation. Dr. Lalancette published a chart listing common copper formulations and rates for peach and nectarine applications. Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days. Also avoid acidic spray solutions when applying copper. Dr. Lalancette has published a handy guide for copper applications in early covers. Antibiotics such as Mycoshield or Fireline may also be used and may offer slightly more residual activity during long wetting periods. Bacterial Spot leaf symptoms have began appearing in southern county orchard during the week of 5/8. These infections probably occurred mostly during the heavy rains that occurred on 4/30-5/1. Fruit symptoms from this set of infections have so far not appeared. This week no significant increase in symptoms was noted.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  All timings for first generation OFM have past.

OFM 2nd Generation Timing
Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days by  5/24 base 45 Conventional

1450-1500

 Diamide

1300-1400
Gloucester – Southern 603 1st –too far off

2nd – too far off

 1st –too far off

2nd – too far off
Middlesex – Northern 578 1st –too far off

2nd – too far off

 1st –too far off

2nd – too far off

Plum Curculio; Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Plum Curculio start to move into orchards at about 88-100 degree days base 50 after January 1. Applications for PC should be initiated once all petals are off, with a second application made with ovicidal materials at 379-402 DD. Additional applications with effective materials may be made between 520 and 730 DD base 50. Currently we have accumulated about 498 DD base 50 in southern counties, and 426 DD base 50 in northern counties. Growers can monitor degree day development at their site by finding the nearest weather station and using the degree day development tool at NEWA. Catfacing insects are active, but will become more of an issue as temperatures warm and mowing and other ground cover activities become more common.

Scale Insects: White peach scale crawlers have begun emergence in southern counties and will continue emergence for the next few weeks. San jose scale crawlers typically begin emergence about late May or Early June and continue emergence for up to 6 weeks. Control options during crawler emergence include Neonicitiniods (suppression only), and the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide and the product labels for more information.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Now that primary scab is nearing the end, or has ended, the focus turns toward summer diseases such as fruit rots (esp. Bitter rot), and sooty blotch and fly speck. Bitter rot control has been difficult at best in recent years even where management programs have been rigorous. Research has suggested Products such as Merivon, Luna Sensation and Inspire Super may be effective, and longtime reliable broad spectrum fungicides such as captan and ziram should provide control. Experience has suggested that the addition of phosphorous acid products such as Prophyt or Rampart to captan sprays may improve control. Observations are that these products improve control of other summer diseases such as sooty blotch and flyspeck, and may help suppress scab infections where present.

Fire Blight: Infections can still occur post bloom so covers with antibiotics when infection events are forecast using the NEWA fire blight model may be beneficial. Remember to rotate streptomycin and oxytetracycline products. Fire Blight symptoms began appearing in southern county apple and pear orchards the week of 5/1. Typically it is recommended to cut out infected limbs however this is a practical decision that must be made. This blog post from Michigan State may be helpful to decide whether it is worth cutting out infected tissue.

Codling Moth (CM): The first codling moth flight has started. A biofix was set for CM on April 17th in both northern and southern counties.

Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)

 Cyd-X, Carpovirusine

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern April 17 past past past 6/4 5/21 5/21 6/7
Northern  past  past  past 6/6 5/23 5/23 6/11

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix for TABM was set in southern county orchards on 5/8. Nothing needs to be done for TABM at this point. The first alternate middle applications for TABM will be on or about 6/3 in southern counties. This has been considered a minor pest in recent years. Many materials used for Codling Moth will also control TABM.

Pear:  Second generation pear psylla began hatching about 5/15. Options for control include spynosyn products such as Delegate and Entrust, and the neocitinoids (IRAC group 4A). The addition of 0.25-1 gal of summer oil may improve control. Other options include Movento, and products containing abamectin. Be sure to read and follow the label instructions regarding the addition of penetrants for these products.

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/15/2023 433 20 1
4/23/2023 423 1 13 8 4
4/30/2023 417 7 15 4 1 0
5/06/2023 9 2 3 1 0 0
5/13/2023 18 2 7 2 3 0 6 6
5/20/2023 5 18 6 0 51 0 13 67

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/8/2023 10
4/15/2023 20 3
4/30/2023 28 11 6
5/06/2023 22 2 19 9
5/13/2023 34 1 3 2 5 0
5/20/2023 31 6 7 1 6 0

Phenology Table: Based on annual observations made in Gloucester County.

Pest Event or Growth Stage Approximate Date 2023 Observed Date
 Bud Swell (Redhaven)  March 23 +/- 15 Days March 7
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious March 31 +/- 13 Days March 27
Pink Peach (Redhaven) April 4 +/- 15 Days March 24
Tight Cluster Red Delicious April 9 +/- 13 Days April 7
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven) April 9 +/- 14 Days April 4
Pink Apple (Red Delicious) April 14 +/- 12 Days April 11
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) April 22 +/- 11 Days April 16
Petal Fall (Redhaven) April 22 +/- 10 Days April 15
Petal Fall (Red Delicious) April 27 +/- 13 Days  May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven) April 30 +/- 11 Days April 21
Pit Hardening June 15 +/- 9 Days

 

 

 

Filed Under: Tree Fruit, Uncategorized Tagged With: , , , ,
May 17, 2023

Application for Cost-Share Grant Funding for Installation of Deer Fencing on UNPRESERVED Farmland – Out NOW

“The NJDA Deer Fencing Program makes cost-sharing funding available for the installation of deer fencing on unpreserved farms. The program is conducted in accordance with N.J.S.A 4:40-6.1.”

Please click here for the full application, eligibility, and other important information

Timing is important if considering this program. NJDA began accepting applications on 5/15/23.

 

Filed Under: Blueberry, Christmas Trees, Commercial Ag Updates, Cranberry, Disease Forecasting, Field, Forage & Livestock, Food Safety, Fruit, Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Organic Production, pesticide credits, Plant Diagnostic Lab, Strawberry, Tree Fruit, Turf, Uncategorized, Vegetable Crops, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , , ,
May 4, 2023 and

Tree Fruit IPM Report for May 4, 2023

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Generally we recommend starting at 0.5 ozs metallic copper and gradually lowering the rate as the season progresses. The rate applied will depend on the formulation. Dr. Lalancette published a chart listing common copper formulations and rates for peach and nectarine applications. Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days. Also avoid acidic spray solutions when applying copper. Dr. Lalancette has published a handy guide for copper applications in early covers. Antibiotics such as Mycoshield or Fireline may also be used and may offer slightly more residual activity during long wetting periods. No Bacterial Spot symptoms have been observed as of this writing.

Peach Scab: In addition to Rusty Spot and Bacterial Spot, Peach Scab requires protective applications starting at petal fall. Peach scab cankers (Fig. 1) begin to expand at bloom and by shuck split begin to shed spores during wetting periods. Topsin, Topsin/Captan combinations, Flint Extra, Inspire Super, and especially Quadris Top applied at petal fall are the best materials for blocks that had scab last year. Quadris Top, Flint Extra or Topsin should be used at the high rate to suppress overwintering lesions on the wood. Quadris Top contains azoxystrobin which is phytotoxic to many apple varieties. Phytotoxic residues can remain in the tank for long periods after an application is made, even if a tank cleaner is used. Do not use Quadris Top or Abound in the same sprayer used for apples. Bravo (chlorothalonil) is also a good protectant that may be applied no later than shuck split. Captan is also helpful in cover sprays after shuck split where scab was troublesome last year.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  The first of two insecticide timings for first generation Oriental Fruit Moth control fall at 170-200 degree days base 45 after biofix. This timing generally coincides with 100% petal fall in peaches. Timings are updated below. Do not apply insecticides until all bloom is off. No Insecticides for OFM are needed where Mating Disruption is implemented.

OFM 1st Generation Timing
Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days by  4/25 base 45 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 224 1st –past

2nd –5/8-5/10

 1st –past

2nd –5/6-5/8
Middlesex – Northern 219 1st –past

2nd –5/10-5/12

 1st –past

2nd –5/7-5/10

 

Green Peach Aphid: GPA colonies begin forming sometime during bloom. Examine trees for the presence of colonies from pink to shuck split. Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold of 2 colonies/tree at petal fall for peach, and 1 colony/tree for nectarine. The best way to scout for aphids during bloom is with a beating tray. Blossoms may also be collected, opened, and examined for the presence of aphids using a hand lens. This is particularly important for nectarine blocks. Check 10 trees per block with the beating tray. Collect 50 blossoms per block and examine for the presence of aphids. If more than 1 colony of aphids are found in nectarines, or 2-3 colonies are found in peaches, an insecticide for aphids will be needed when all petals are off. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for recommended materials and rates. Aphid colonies are now visible in southern county orchards.

Plum Curculio; Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Plum Curculio start to move into orchards at about 88-100 degree days base 50 after January 1. Applications for PC should be initiated once all petals are off, with a second application made with ovicidal materials at 379-402 DD. Currently we have accumulated about 285 DD base 50 in southern counties, and 218 DD base 50 in northern counties. Growers can monitor degree day development at their site by finding the nearest weather station and using the degree day development tool at NEWA. Catfacing insects are starting activity, but will become more of an issue as temperatures warm and mowing and other ground cover activities become more common. Insecticides for catfacing insects are not recommended until after all petals are off.

Scale Insects: Dormant oil applications are standard recommendations for scale control but in some years when conditions are not optimal for oil application scale control may be less than desired. Where oil was not applied or in orchards and where scale is a recurring problem, an application of Movento between petal fall and shuck split should “clean up” problem blocks. Movento should be applied at 6-9 ozs./ac. A penetrant must be included as per the product label. Movento will also control green peach aphid when used at this timing. White peach scale crawlers usually begin emergence around the 3rd week of May while San jose scale crawlers usually begin emergence around the first of June in southern counties. COntrol options once crawlers emerge in clude the neonicitinoids Actara and Belay (suppression); and the growth regulators Esteem and Centaur. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for other recommended materials and rates.

Lesser and Greater Peach Tree Borers: Growers using mating disruption for borer control can begin placing dispensers around the end of April and should have them in place by mid-May.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Fire Blight, Apple Scab, Rust diseases, and Powdery Mildew are the main targets at this stage. The NEWA apple scab model is estimating about 100% ascospore maturity as of 5/4 in southern NJ with 100% of cumulative ascospores discharged. Northern counties were at Green tip on or about 4/3. The model estimates about 90% ascopsore maturity for Northern Counties with 87% ascospores released. Primary apple scab spores are released during any substantial infection period. More information can be found in this blogpost from Penn State. Between tight cluster and first cover include products effective for powdery mildew and cedar apple rust. Very little fire blight has been observed to date statewide. Infections can still occur post bloom so covers with antibiotics when infection events are forecast using the NEWA fire blight model may be beneficial. Remember to rotate streptomycin and oxytetracycline products.

Rust Diseases: The two most common rust diseases that affect pome fruit are Quince Rust and Cedar Apple Rust. In some years these diseases can be troublesome in commercial orchards. Most disease control programs for scab will also control rust. In organically managed blocks in the east options are limited for approved materials that are effective for rust. Potassium Bicarbonate products have shown good efficacy for rust diseases in trials performed in Virginia. Organic growers should seek out and plant rust resistant cultivars. Cultural controls are not practicable due to the widespread presence of alternate host Junipers both wild and cultivated. Rust disease development on junipers should now be producing large spore releases during wetting periods. See this link for pictures of rust on pome fruit and juniper.

Codling Moth (CM): The first codling moth flight has started. A biofix was set for CM on April 17th in both northern and southern counties.

Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)

 Cyd-X, Carpovirusine

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern April 17 past 5/7 5/10 Too far off 5/17 5/17 Too far off
Northern  5/7  5/9  5/14-5/16 Too far off 5/24 5/24 Too far off

Rosy Apple Aphid:  If a pre-bloom application was not made, monitor for colonies during bloom and use a treatment threshold of 1 colony/tree at petal fall. Some orchards have colonies that require treatment in southern counties.

Pear Diseases:  Continue managing for Rust, Fire Blight and Fabrea Leaf Spot through May.

Dogwood Borer: Growers planning to use mating disruption for Dogwood Borer should have dispensers in place by the end of May.

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/15/2023 433 20 1
4/23/2023 423 1 13 8 0
4/30/2023 417 7 15 4 1 0

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/8/2023 10
4/15/2023 20 3
4/30/2023 28 11 6

Phenology Table: Based on annual observations made in Gloucester County.

Pest Event or Growth Stage Approximate Date 2023 Observed Date
 Bud Swell (Redhaven)  March 23 +/- 15 Days March 7
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious March 31 +/- 13 Days March 27
Pink Peach (Redhaven) April 4 +/- 15 Days March 24
Tight Cluster Red Delicious April 9 +/- 13 Days April 7
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven) April 9 +/- 14 Days April 4
Pink Apple (Red Delicious) April 14 +/- 12 Days April 11
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) April 22 +/- 11 Days April 16
Petal Fall (Redhaven) April 22 +/- 10 Days April 15
Petal Fall (Red Delicious) April 27 +/- 13 Days  May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven) April 30 +/- 11 Days April 21
Pit Hardening June 15 +/- 9 Days

 

 

Filed Under: Tree Fruit, Uncategorized Tagged With: , , ,