Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  All timings for first generation OFM have past. Second generation timings are updated below:

OFM 2nd Generation Timing
		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by  6/23 base 45	Conventional 1150-1200 1350-1450	Diamide 1075-1150 1375-1450
Gloucester – Southern	1193	1st –6/21-6/23 2nd – 6/28-7/1	1st –6/17-6/21 2nd – 7/2-7/4
Middlesex – Northern	1033	1st –6/21-23 2nd – 6/28-6/30	1st –6/18-6/21 2nd – 7/1-7/3

Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Catfacing insects are active, and activity is increasing with dry weather and summer temperatures. Very little recent fruit feeding has been observed.

Thrips: Flower Thrips have caused slight damage on highly colored ripening fruit, especially in poorly managed ground covers that contain clover or other flowering weeds. The current weather pattern has turned to unfavorable for thrips but they still may cause some damage. Thrips damage appears as “silvering” and usually appears on fruit close to harvest. If populations are high damage can be extensive. Presence of thrips may be scouted for using a beating tray to detect the presence of adults and nymphs in the tree. Flowering weeds and shrubs on orchard edges may also be scouted by shaking flowers onto a beating tray or a sheet of paper. Delegate or Entrust at the highest labeled rate are the usual recommended materials for thrips in stone fruit. Lannate may be effective in some orchards but has not worked well in recent years. These materials all have short PHI’s and may be applied close to harvest when damage typically appears. Thrips have also been observed to mark cherries. Damage is different than peach and appears as a dark streak in a similar pattern as silvering. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

 

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Now that primary scab has ended, the focus turns toward summer diseases such as fruit rots (esp. Bitter rot), and sooty blotch and fly speck. Bitter rot control has been difficult at best in recent years even where management programs have been rigorous. Research has suggested products such as Merivon, Luna Sensation and Inspire Super may be effective, and longtime reliable broad spectrum fungicides such as captan and ziram should provide control. Experience has suggested that the addition of phosphorous acid products such as Prophyt or Rampart to captan sprays may improve control. Observations are that these products improve control of other summer diseases such as sooty blotch and flyspeck, and may help suppress scab infections where present.

Fire Blight: Fire Blight symptoms began appearing in southern county apple and pear orchards the week of 5/1. Typically it is recommended to cut out infected limbs however this is a practical decision that must be made. This blog post from Michigan State may be helpful to decide whether it is worth cutting out infected tissue. Once the terminal buds set, typically in July, infected wood should be removed to prevent colonization by the bitter rot pathogen. In southern counties terminal buds have set in most varieties. It should be safe to start cutting out blighted wood however this should be done during dry weather.

Codling Moth (CM): The first generation codling moth timings have ended. Trap captures continue and decreased in most southern county orchards this week. A biofix was set for CM on April 17^th in both northern and southern counties. Second generation timings are updated below. Rimon is not recommended for this and later generations.

	Codling Moth Degree Day Timing – Second Generation
		Application and Insecticide Type
County Area	Biofix	Rimon: 75-100DD + 14-17 days later		Intrepid 1150 + 1450 DD Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)		Madex 1250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)	Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids 1250 DD + 1550 DD
DD				1150	1450	1250	1250	1550
Southern	April 17	past	past	7/6	Too far off	7/11	7/11	Too far off
Northern	April 17	past	past	7/6	Too far off	7/11	7/11	Too far off

Potato Leafhoppers (PLH): PLH adults began appearing in apples this past week. PLH should not be tolerated in non-bearing orchards because they can stunt the growth of new shoots. Likewise they should not be tolerated in orchards were fire blight is present because they have been demonstrated to spread the disease. PLH appear as light green smallish leafhoppers and are often found on the new leaves in the growing tips. Neonicitiods are generally recommended for control however there are other braod spectrum materials that are effective. Refer to the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

Wooly Apple Aphid (WAA); Green Apple (Spirea) Aphids (GAA): GAA colonies are present in most apple blocks. GAA is generally a pest that can be tolerated since they do little direct damage. Treatment thresholds for GAA are if 50% of the shoots are infested with no beneficial insects present. Wooly apple aphids are also appearing, and are building up in some southern county orchards. In most years these are controlled by beneficials however in some years like 2022, serious outbreaks can occur. The best control for WAA is Movento applied before or when the first colonies appear. Diazinon is also effective at knocking down infestations. Both materials will suppress scale at this time. Do not combine Diazinon with Captan.

Pear:  Second generation pear psylla began hatching about 5/15. Options for control include spynosyn products such as Delegate and Entrust, and the neocitinoids (IRAC group 4A). The addition of 0.25-1 gal of summer oil may improve control. Other options include Movento, the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur, and products containing abamectin. Be sure to read and follow the label instructions regarding the addition of penetrants for abamectin products. Pear Psylla are still actively laying eggs and nymphs continue to hatch.

Grape: Early blooming native grapes were at 50% bloom on 5/24, therefore we have set the the Grape Berry Moth biofix at 5/24 for southern counties. Typically we would use the bloom date for V. riparia to set the biofix date, however the usual locations we have used in the past did not have viable vines to look at, and it is difficult to scout new locations for V. riparia this year. Since V. riparia typically blooms with early natives we used Concord and Ives to set the biofix. The model works best when growers record their own bloom dates and use the Grape Berry Moth model at NEWA. Applications for GBM using Intrepid or Diamides should be made at 810 DD base 47. Other effective materials can be applied a few days later. Currently we are at 686 DD in southern counties. Applications have been historically made around the end of June in southern counties.

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/15/2023	433				20		1
4/23/2023	423		1		13		8	4
4/30/2023	417		7		15		4	1	0
5/06/2023	9		2		3		1	0	0
5/13/2023	18	2	7		2	3	0	6	6
5/20/2023	5	18	6		0	51	0	13	67
5/27/2023	1	11	4		0	17	0	11	49
6/03/23	3	8	2		1	24	0	13	65
6/10/2023	21	14	5		0	55	0	6	54	0
6/17/2023	10	11	5		0	57	0	8	46	4
6/24/2023	15	5	2		0	57	0	6	47	2

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/8/2023	10
4/15/2023	20						3
4/30/2023	28		11						6
5/06/2023	22		2				19		9
5/13/2023	34	1	3		2		5		0
5/20/2023	31	6	7		1		6		0
5/27/23	16	18	4		1	17	3		11
6/03/23	12	26	2		0	17	2		12
6/10/2023	21	14	5		0	55	0		54
6/17/2023	63	53	2		1	15	1		6

Phenology Table: Based on annual observations made in Gloucester County.

Pest Event or Growth Stage	Approximate Date	2023 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven)	March 23 +/- 15 Days	March 7
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious	March 31 +/- 13 Days	March 27
Pink Peach (Redhaven)	April 4 +/- 15 Days	March 24
Tight Cluster Red Delicious	April 9 +/- 13 Days	April 7
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)	April 9 +/- 14 Days	April 4
Pink Apple (Red Delicious)	April 14 +/- 12 Days	April 11
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)	April 22 +/- 11 Days	April 16
Petal Fall (Redhaven)	April 22 +/- 10 Days	April 15
Petal Fall (Red Delicious)	April 27 +/- 13 Days	May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven)	April 30 +/- 11 Days	April 21
Pit Hardening	June 15 +/- 9 Days	June 11

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Fruit symptoms from have begun to appear in southern counties. So far fruit symptoms are very low and only in highly susceptible varieties. One of the few benefits of a spring dry spell is lower disease incidence. Peaches are at or past pit hardening and fruit now has some resistance to bacterial spot. Infections can still occur but will be less unsightly and may still make grade. Growers should continue to manage using Oxytetracyclene and lower rates of copper, especially around rainy periods and severe weather.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  All timings for first generation OFM have past. Second generation timings are updated below:

OFM 2nd Generation Timing
		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by  6/16 base 45	Conventional 1150-1200 1350-1450	Diamide 1075-1150 1375-1450
Gloucester – Southern	1049	1st –6/20-6/22 2nd – 6/29-7/3	1st –6/17-6/20 2nd – 7/1-7/4
Middlesex – Northern	1033	1st –6/21-24 2nd – 6/25-6/29	1st –6/18-6/21 2nd – 6/30-7/3

Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Catfacing insects are active, and activity is increasing with dry weather and summer temperatures. Very little recent fruit feeding has been observed.

Scale Insects: White peach scale crawlers should be past peak crawler emergence in southern counties. San jose scale crawlers began emergence about 5/31. SJS crawlers typically peak in mid-June and continue emergence for up to 6 weeks. Control options during crawler emergence include Neonicitiniods (suppression only), and the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide and the product labels for more information.

Thrips: If the current dry spell continues Flower Thrips may become an issue in highly colored ripening fruit, especially in poorly managed ground covers that contain clover or other flowering weeds. Thrips damage appears as “silvering” and usually appears on fruit close to harvest.

If populations are high damage can be extensive. Presence of thrips may be scouted for using a beating tray to detect the presence of adults and nymphs in the tree. Flowering weeeds and shrubs on orchard edges may also be scouted by shaking flowers onto a beating tray or a sheet of paper. Delegate or Entrust at the highest labeled rate are the usual recommended materials for thrips in stone fruit. Lannate may be effective in some orchards but has not worked well in recent years. These materials all have short PHI’s and may be applied close to harvest when damage typically appears. Thrips have also been observed to mark cherries. Damage is different than peach and appears as a dark streak in a similar pattern as silvering. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information. Thrips have been seen in ripening fruit this past week.

 

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Now that primary scab has ended, the focus turns toward summer diseases such as fruit rots (esp. Bitter rot), and sooty blotch and fly speck. Bitter rot control has been difficult at best in recent years even where management programs have been rigorous. Research has suggested products such as Merivon, Luna Sensation and Inspire Super may be effective, and longtime reliable broad spectrum fungicides such as captan and ziram should provide control. Experience has suggested that the addition of phosphorous acid products such as Prophyt or Rampart to captan sprays may improve control. Observations are that these products improve control of other summer diseases such as sooty blotch and flyspeck, and may help suppress scab infections where present.

Fire Blight: Fire Blight symptoms began appearing in southern county apple and pear orchards the week of 5/1. Typically it is recommended to cut out infected limbs however this is a practical decision that must be made. This blog post from Michigan State may be helpful to decide whether it is worth cutting out infected tissue. Once the terminal buds set, typically in July, infected wood should be removed to prevent colonization by the bitter rot pathogen.

Codling Moth (CM): The first generation codling moth timings have ended. Trap captures Continue and increased in some southern county orchards this week. A biofix was set for CM on April 17^th in both northern and southern counties. Second generation timings are updated below. Rimon is not recommended for this and later generations.

	Codling Moth Degree Day Timing – Second Generation
		Application and Insecticide Type
County Area	Biofix	Rimon: 75-100DD + 14-17 days later		Intrepid 1150 + 1450 DD Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)		Madex 1250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)	Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids 1250 DD + 1550 DD
DD				1150	1450	1250	1250	1550
Southern	April 17	past	past	Too far off	Too far off	Too far off	Too far off	Too far off
Northern	April 17	past	past	Too far off	Too far off	Too far off	Too far off	Too far off

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix for TABM was set in southern county orchards on 5/8. Nothing needs to be done for TABM at this point. The first alternate middle applications for TABM will be on or about 6/12 in southern counties. This has been considered a minor pest in recent years. Many materials used for Codling Moth will also control TABM.

San Jose Scale (SJS): See peach section above.

Potato Leafhoppers (PLH): PLH adults began appearing in apples this past week. PLH should not be tolerated in non-bearing orchards because they can stunt the growth of new shoots. Likewise they should not be tolerated in orchards were fire blight is present because they have been demonstrated to spread the disease. PLH appear as light green smallish leafhoppers and are often found on the new leaves in the growing tips. Neonicitiods are generally recommended for control however there are other braod spectrum materials that are effective. Refer to the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

Wooly Apple Aphid (WAA); Green Apple (Spirea) Aphids (GAA): GAA colonies are present in most apple blocks. Gaa is generally a pest that can be tolerated since they do little direct damage. Treatment thresholds for GAA are if 50% of the shoots are infested with no beneficial insects present. Wooly apple aphids are also appearing. In most years these are controlled by beneficilas however in some years like 2022, serious outbreaks can occur. The best control for WAA is Movento applied before or when the first colonies appear. Diazinon is also effective at knocking down infestations. Both materials will suppress scale at this time.

Pear:  Second generation pear psylla began hatching about 5/15. Options for control include spynosyn products such as Delegate and Entrust, and the neocitinoids (IRAC group 4A). The addition of 0.25-1 gal of summer oil may improve control. Other options include Movento, the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur, and products containing abamectin. Be sure to read and follow the label instructions regarding the addition of penetrants for abamectin products. Pear Psylla are still actively laying eggs and third generation nymphs are close to hatch.

Grape: Early blooming native grapes were at 50% bloom on 5/24, therefore we have set the the Grape Berry Moth biofix at 5/24 for southern counties. Typically we would use the bloom date for V. riparia to set the biofix date, however the usual locations we have used in the past did not have viable vines to look at, and it is difficult to scout new locations for V. riparia this year. Since V. riparia typically blooms with early natives we used Concord and Ives to set the biofix. The model works best when growers record their own bloom dates and use the Grape Berry Moth model at NEWA. Applications for GBM using Intrepid or Diamides should be made at 810 DD base 47. Other effective materials can be applied a few days later. Currently we are at 420 DD in southern counties. Applications have been historically made around the end of June in southern counties.

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/15/2023	433				20		1
4/23/2023	423		1		13		8	4
4/30/2023	417		7		15		4	1	0
5/06/2023	9		2		3		1	0	0
5/13/2023	18	2	7		2	3	0	6	6
5/20/2023	5	18	6		0	51	0	13	67
5/27/2023	1	11	4		0	17	0	11	49
6/03/23	3	8	2		1	24	0	13	65
6/10/2023	21	14	5		0	55	0	6	54	0
6/17/2023	10	11	5		0	57	0	8	46	4

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/8/2023	10
4/15/2023	20						3
4/30/2023	28		11						6
5/06/2023	22		2				19		9
5/13/2023	34	1	3		2		5		0
5/20/2023	31	6	7		1		6		0
5/27/23	16	18	4		1	17	3		11
6/03/23	12	26	2		0	17	2		12
6/10/2023	21	14	5		0	55	0	6	54	0

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Generally we recommend starting at 0.5 ozs metallic copper and gradually lowering the rate as the season progresses. The rate applied will depend on the formulation. Dr. Lalancette published a chart listing common copper formulations and rates for peach and nectarine applications. Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days. Also avoid acidic spray solutions when applying copper. Dr. Lalancette has published a handy guide for copper applications in early covers. Antibiotics such as Mycoshield or Fireline may also be used and may offer slightly more residual activity during long wetting periods. Bacterial Spot leaf symptoms began appearing in southern county orchard during the week of 5/8. These infections probably occurred mostly during the heavy rains that occurred on 4/30-5/1. Fruit symptoms from this set of infections have begun to appear in southern counties. So far fruit symptoms are very low and only in highly susceptible varieties.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  All timings for first generation OFM have past.

OFM 2nd Generation Timing
		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by  6/2 base 45	Conventional 1450-1500	Diamide 1300-1400
Gloucester – Southern	769	1st –too far off 2nd – too far off	1st –too far off 2nd – too far off
Middlesex – Northern	742	1st –too far off 2nd – too far off	1st –too far off 2nd – too far off

Plum Curculio; Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Plum Curculio start to move into orchards at about 88-100 degree days base 50 after January 1. Applications for PC should be initiated once all petals are off, with a second application made with ovicidal materials at 379-402 DD. Additional applications with effective materials may be made between 520 and 730 DD base 50. Currently we have accumulated about 619 DD base 50 in southern counties, and 546 DD base 50 in northern counties. Growers can monitor degree day development at their site by finding the nearest weather station and using the degree day development tool at NEWA. Catfacing insects are active, and activity is increasing with dry weather and summer temperatures. Very little recent fruit feeding has been observed.

Scale Insects: White peach scale crawlers should be at peak crawler emergence in southern counties. San jose scale crawlers have begun emergence this past week. SJS typically begin emergence about late May or Early June and continue emergence for up to 6 weeks. Control options during crawler emergence include Neonicitiniods (suppression only), and the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide and the product labels for more information.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Now that primary scab has ended, the focus turns toward summer diseases such as fruit rots (esp. Bitter rot), and sooty blotch and fly speck. Bitter rot control has been difficult at best in recent years even where management programs have been rigorous. Research has suggested Products such as Merivon, Luna Sensation and Inspire Super may be effective, and longtime reliable broad spectrum fungicides such as captan and ziram should provide control. Experience has suggested that the addition of phosphorous acid products such as Prophyt or Rampart to captan sprays may improve control. Observations are that these products improve control of other summer diseases such as sooty blotch and flyspeck, and may help suppress scab infections where present.

Fire Blight: Fire Blight symptoms began appearing in southern county apple and pear orchards the week of 5/1. Typically it is recommended to cut out infected limbs however this is a practical decision that must be made. This blog post from Michigan State may be helpful to decide whether it is worth cutting out infected tissue. Once the terminal buds set, typically in July, infected wood should be removed to prevent colonization by the bitter rot pathogen.

Codling Moth (CM): The first codling moth flight has started. A biofix was set for CM on April 17^th in both northern and southern counties.

	Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
		Application and Insecticide Type
County Area	Biofix	Rimon: 75-100DD + 14-17 days later		Intrepid 150 + 450 DD Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)		Cyd-X, Carpovirusine 250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)	Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids 250 DD + 550 DD
DD		75	100	150	450	250	250	550
Southern	April 17	past	past	past	6/7	past	5/21	6/13
Northern		past	past	past	6/7	past	5/23	6/14

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix for TABM was set in southern county orchards on 5/8. Nothing needs to be done for TABM at this point. The first alternate middle applications for TABM will be on or about 6/12 in southern counties. This has been considered a minor pest in recent years. Many materials used for Codling Moth will also control TABM.

Pear:  Second generation pear psylla began hatching about 5/15. Options for control include spynosyn products such as Delegate and Entrust, and the neocitinoids (IRAC group 4A). The addition of 0.25-1 gal of summer oil may improve control. Other options include Movento, the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur, and products containing abamectin. Be sure to read and follow the label instructions regarding the addition of penetrants for abamectin products. Pear Psylla are still actively laying eggs and nymphs continue to hatch.

Grape: Early blooming native grapes were at 50% bloom on 5/24, therefore we have set the the Grape Berry Moth biofix at 5/24 for southern counties. Typically we would use the bloom date for V. riparia to set the biofix date, however the usual locations we have used in the past did not have viable vines to look at, and it is difficult to scout new locations for V. riparia this year. Since V. riparia typically blooms with early natives we used Concord and Ives to set the biofix. The model works best when growers record their own bloom dates and use the Grape Berry Moth model at NEWA. Applications for GBM using Intrepid or Diamides should be made at 810 DD base 47. Other effective materials can be applied a few days later. Currently we are at 167 DD in southern counties. Applications have been historically made around the end of June in southern counties.

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/15/2023	433				20		1
4/23/2023	423		1		13		8	4
4/30/2023	417		7		15		4	1	0
5/06/2023	9		2		3		1	0	0
5/13/2023	18	2	7		2	3	0	6	6
5/20/2023	5	18	6		0	51	0	13	67
5/27/2023	1	11	4		0	17	0	11	49

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/8/2023	10
4/15/2023	20						3
4/30/2023	28		11						6
5/06/2023	22		2				19		9
5/13/2023	34	1	3		2		5		0
5/20/2023	31	6	7		1		6		0

Phenology Table: Based on annual observations made in Gloucester County.

Pest Event or Growth Stage	Approximate Date	2023 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven)	March 23 +/- 15 Days	March 7
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious	March 31 +/- 13 Days	March 27
Pink Peach (Redhaven)	April 4 +/- 15 Days	March 24
Tight Cluster Red Delicious	April 9 +/- 13 Days	April 7
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)	April 9 +/- 14 Days	April 4
Pink Apple (Red Delicious)	April 14 +/- 12 Days	April 11
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)	April 22 +/- 11 Days	April 16
Petal Fall (Redhaven)	April 22 +/- 10 Days	April 15
Petal Fall (Red Delicious)	April 27 +/- 13 Days	May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven)	April 30 +/- 11 Days	April 21
Pit Hardening	June 15 +/- 9 Days