Potato and Tomato Disease Forecasting

Growers who are interested in using disease forecasting models should chose the location from the report that is closest in proximity to their farming operation.
 
In addition, regularly check the Cornell NEWA website @http://newa.cornell.edu/ where this information is compiled from. From the NEWA site menu click on Pests Forecasts, select your weather station, and click on the specific disease, set accumulation start date, and a table of daily and total DSVs will be generated.

 

Related Websites

NEWA

Cucurbit Downy Mildew Forecasting

Dealing with Stress on the Farm During Trying Times

This is a stressful time for many people in our country and especially on the farm. With constant updates from government officials and media sharing new about the pandemic and the fear of the unknown for the future, it is understandable to feel overwhelmed, stressed and anxious. Seeing other farmers around the nation struggling with crop losses and distribution nightmares makes other farmers wonder what is yet to come. You are not alone and there are resources to help if you are struggling with stress and anxiety.

For assistance contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Disaster Distress Helpline at 800-985-5990, the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255 or text MHFA to 741741 to talk to a Crisis Text Line counselor.

Farmers often feel they may be mentally and physically tougher than most people. That may be true. However, it is understandable if you are feeling depressed or anxious right now, just like the millions of people across the country who are facing the same worries and challenges. It’s perfectly understandable since most people have never experienced times like we are facing now. It’s extremely important to take care of your mental health. Helping yourself means you will be able to help others in the future.

While times may not change as quickly as we would like, there are easy self-care strategies that can help reduce feelings of depression and anxiety, or prevent anxiety before it even starts.

Here are some tips that may help:
1. Eat healthy foods to keep your body in top working order and avoid foods/beverages that cause issues with underlying health conditions.
2. Exercise reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety. Exercise is not the same as regular activity at work. Take a brisk walk or jog down a farm road, ride a bike, lift weights (even if you need to make your own out of what you have around the farm and start light).
3. Practice relaxation therapy. Focusing on tensing and relaxing muscle groups can help you relax voluntarily when feeling overwhelmed, stressed or anxious. Concentrate on the shoulder and neck regions of the body, where stress often builds.
4. Be kind to yourself. Treat yourself with the same compassion you would a friend and allow others to help as you would help them.
5. Stay connected. Even if you can’t get together face-to-face, you can stay connected to friends, family and neighbors with phone calls, text messages, video chats and social media. If you’re feeling lonely, sad or anxious, reach out to your social support networks – all is kept confidential. Share what you are feeling and offer to listen to friends or family members about their feelings. We are all experiencing this scary and uncPerson holding a fishertain time together.
6. Monitor media consumption. While you might want to stay up-to the minute with COVID-19 news, too much exposure can be overwhelming. Balance media consumption with other activities you enjoy, such as playing with pets, reading, cooking, fishing at the farm pond, playing games with family or listening to music.

Adding small changes to your routine each day can make a big difference to your overall mood and well-being. Just remember, if you need help, help is available.

“Ask the Ag Agent” 7:00PM Weekly – Every Wednesday – Farmer Video Conference/Call-In Forum

By, William Bamka, Stephen Komar, Michelle Infante-Casella and Meredith Melendez

“Ask the Ag Agent” weekly 1-hour sessions for farmers will be hosted by Rutgers Agricultural Agents working with commercial farmers, on Wednesday April 15th and continue each Wednesday. The online conferencing/call in events will begin at 7:00PM with an open forum to discuss ag-related questions about production, marketing, regulations and any other topics farmers wish to discuss. All are welcome.

To access via WebEx on a computer go to https://go.rutgers.edu/rc9n3kxt

Join by phone
+1-650-429-3300 USA Toll
Access code: 799 743 872

Cucurbit Powdery and Downy Mildew: A Tale of Two Pathogens

Cucurbit powdery and downy mildew are two important pathogens of cucurbit crops throughout the mid-Atlantic region. Each disease has the ability to cause significant losses and can often show up in cucurbit plantings at the same time during the production season making control difficult. Its important for growers to remember that each pathogen belongs to a different group of fungi (powdery mildew – the ascomycetes and downy mildew – oomycetes)  which means that different classes of fungicides (i.e., different FRAC codes) are needed for the proper control of each disease. Thus, at any time of the growing season growers may have three choices: control one or the other, or control both at the same time. Before we get to control options, lets take a look at each one, and what has changed during the past few years.

Cucurbit powdery mildew

Up until 2004, cucurbit powdery was considered the most destructive disease in cucurbit production, that all changed with the re-emergence of cucurbit downy mildew. Cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM), in past years, was thought to be caused by two different pathogens, Podosphaera xanthii (formerly Sphaerotheca fuliginea) or Golovinomyces chicoracearum var. chicoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum), with the former being reported more in the US and worldwide. In general, E. cichoracearum was more commonly found during cooler weather, with P. xanthii preferring hotter weather. What is the importance of knowing which species is present? Knowing which species are present, or more prevalent in the overall population of the pathogen will have important impacts in breeding programs, control strategies, and fungicide resistance management strategies. In 2019, researchers from IL and NY conducted a survey of CPM isolates collected from 6 different cucurbit hosts from around the US. The survey, with the use of morphological characterization and genotyping-by-sequence (GSB) methods and analysis, determined that 100% of the CPM isolates collected in the US were Podosphaera xanthii. Virulence testing with a subset of samples determined that there were some differences in the ability to cause disease, which was not unexpected. Cucurbit powdery mildew is an obligate parasite, and like cucurbit downy mildew, must have a living host in order to survive the winter, or importantly, as in the case of powdery mildew produce chasmothecia which allow the pathogen to overwinter. The production of chasmothecia shows the pathogen is reproducing sexually which gives rise to genetic diversity in the CPM population which can lead to differences in virulence as well as fungicide resistance development. Cucurbit powdery mildew is known to produce chasmothecia in different regions of the US, and has been observed in New Jersey in some years. The role of clasmothecia production and if it allows overwintering in NJ (and elsewhere) is not well understood. In general, CPM moves up the east coast each spring as cucurbit crops are planted up the coast, eventually reaching the mid-Atlantic region sometime in the early to mid summer making preventative fungicide applications necessary. The fungicides that have been used to control the pathogen in southern regions may greatly impact efficacy and control strategies in our region because of potential fungicide resistance development. Importantly, there are a number of cucurbit crops with very good genetic resistance to CPM. These varieties can help delay disease onset and may help reduce fungicide input and should be considered as a part of any disease management plan, especially in organic production systems.

Cucurbit downy mildew

As mentioned earlier, in 2004, cucurbit downy mildew (CDM) re-emerged in the US with a vengeance causing significant losses in cucurbit production. In most years prior to this, concern for CDM control was minimal, since the pathogen arrived late in the growing season (in more northern regions), or the pathogen caused little damage, or never appeared. After 2004, with significant losses at stake, and with very few fungicides labeled for its proper control, CDM became a serious threat to cucurbit production. Importantly, at the time, cucumber varieties with very good levels of CDM resistance were no longer resistant, suggesting a major shift in the pathogen population. Research done over the past 15 years has led to a better understanding of the pathogen. Recent research has determined that the CDM falls into two separate clades: Clade I and Clade II. Some CDM (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) isolates fall into Clade I which predominately infect watermelon, pumpkin, and squash, where CDM isolates in Clade II predominately infect cucumber and cantaloupe. Research suggests that isolates in Clade II can quickly become resistant to specific fungicides (NCSU). Most cucumber varieties are resistant to Clade 1 isolates, but there is no resistance currently available for Clade 2 isolates. For pickling cucumber the varieties, Citadel and Peacemaker, are tolerant to clade 2 isolates. For slicing cucumbers, the varieties SV3462CS and SV4142CL are tolerant to Clade 2 isolates. All organic and greenhouse growers are encouraged to use tolerant varieties since chemical control options are very limited (NCSU). An extended list of cucumber varieties with CDM resistance from the University of Florida can be found here. For the past decade, researchers from around the US have been closely monitoring and forecasting the progress of CDM through a website hosted by NCSU. The CDMpipe website is currently in the process of an upgrade and will now be hosted by Penn State University. All cucurbit growers are encouraged to sign up to the CDMpipe website to help them know what cucurbit crops are being infected (and where) and to follow the forecasting to know where the pathogen may move to next. As a note, in recent years, CDM control with certain fungicides has varied significantly depending on the cucurbit host and geographic region. This is extremely important since two clades of the pathogen are potentially present (affecting host range) as well as having a potential impact on control strategies. How do you know which clade may be present on your farm? Follow the reports. If CDM is mostly present in cucumber crops as it works its way up the east coast, then you are most likely to see it infect cucumber and melon on your farm first. Scout your fields regularly, especially if CDM is in the immediate region. Pay very close attention to symptom development and on what cucurbit crop(s) you see it on, this is especially important if you grow more than one cucurbit crop. Like CPM, once CDM arrives in the region preventative fungicide applications will be necessary.

Fungicide resistance development in CPM and CDM

Fungicide resistance development in cucurbit powdery mildew is well documented. In the mid-Atlantic region, resistance has been reported in FRAC code 3 (DMI fungicides – Nova, Rally), 7 (SDHIs – boscalid), 11 (strobilurins – Quadris, Pristine), 13 (quinoxyfen – Quintec), and U6 (cyflufenamid -Torino). All of these fungicides have a high risk for resistance development because of their specific modes of action. Other currently labeled fungicides for CPM control, such as fluopyram (Luna, FRAC code 7) and metrafenone (Vivando, FRAC code 50) are also at risk for fungicide resistance development. All cucurbit growers are strongly encouraged to rotate as many different fungicides with different modes of action (i.e., from different FRAC codes) to help reduce the chances for fungicide resistance development. Growers are also strongly encouraged to scout fields on a regular basis to help determine any loss of fungicide efficacy. If loss of efficacy is present, the grower should avoid using that particular fungicide (FRAC code). The good news for CPM control, there are a number of fungicides with different modes of action in different FRAC codes and the grower has a number of options to chose from. All growers should follow use recommendations on labels and avoid overusing one mode of action, even if it works well.

Loss of efficacy in the control of CDM has also been documented in FRAC code 4 (mefenoxam), FRAC code 11 fungicides (azoxystrobin), and FRAC code 43 (fluopicolide). Importantly, most fungicides labeled for the control of CDM are at-risk for resistance development because of the specific modes of action. These include Ranman (cyazofamid, FRAC code 21), Gavel/Zing! (zoxamide, 22), Tanos/Curzate (cymoxanil, 27), Previcur Flex (propamocarb HCL, 28), Forum/Revus (dimethomorph, 40), Zampro (ametoctradin, 45), and Orondis (oxathiapiprolin, 49). Importantly, just like with CPM control, there are a number of CDM fungicides with different modes of action in different FRAC codes that the grower has a number of options to chose from. Again, all growers should follow use recommendations on labels and avoid overusing one mode of action, even if it works well. As with CPM, If loss of efficacy is present, the grower should avoid using that particular fungicide (FRAC code) for CDM control.

Growers should remember that fungicides specifically labeled for CPM control won’t control CDM, and fungicides labeled for CDM control won’t control CPM. Therefore, following disease monitoring and forecasting website, scouting fields, paying close attention to host crops, choosing varieties with CDM or CPM resistance, and following proper fungicide resistant management guidelines remain critically important for successful CPM and CDM control.

For more information please see the upcoming 2020/2021 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations.

References:

North Carolina State University

https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/cucurbit-downy-mildew

University of Florida

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp325

2018 Fungicide Resistance Management Guidelines for Cucurbit Downy and Powdery Mildew Control in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast Regions of the US.

http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/volume19/number1/PHP-12-17-0077-BR.pdf

African Swine Fever

African Swine Fever (ASF) no longer dominates the headlines and Chicago traders seem to have tired of speculation as to when supply shortages will result in higher prices. And yet the disease continues to march through China and Southeast Asia, leaving behind an ever-expanding supply hole. Here’s where things stand at this point:

– The number of new cases of ASF reported in China has been minimal, with no cases reported last week and only a handful of cases reported in the last month. China is a member of OIE, the world organization for animal health, and ASF is a reportable disease. In other words, China is obligated to report any and all new cases of ASF when they occur. This is so other countries understand the scope of the disease and take measures to protect themselves. China announced earlier in the summer that they have put in place a very rigorous testing regime for ASF but it appears that the number of ASF cases in the country has declined following the implementation of this new system. But even as no new cases have been reported, Chinese authorities indicated that the Chinese hog breeding herd in July declined by a staggering 8.9% from the previous month. To reiterate, the breeding herd which in June we calculate at around 30.5 million head declined by some 2.7 million head. How did those sows disappear with just a handful of ASF cases reported and only hundreds of pigs destroyed in official reports?

– The Chinese total hog inventory in July declined by 9.4% and since the start of the year the total hog inventory has declined by about 100 million head. In July alone the inventory contracted by an estimated 31 million hogs, which is almost half of the overall inventory of hogs we have in the US. Please keep in mind that Chinese officials do not report actual numbers. Rather, they do a survey of various stations and report the m/m change. To come up with actual numbers we took the latest official reported statistics and calculated the change from that point on. For a while, the decline in inventory numbers did not appear to have much of an impact on prices. Indeed, the short-term effect of any liquidation is to depress prices. But there has been a significant shift in China pork price action. Last week the reference hog price in China was pegged at 20.9 yuan per kg. In USD this comes to $2.95/kg ($1.34/lb. live or $1.80/dressed). We think the average price for this week, based on daily numbers, will be around 23.6 yuan/kg. Always be careful when comparing US hog prices to prices in a different country, however. It is not apples to apples since hog prices in China are for a product that will be slaughtered and sold fresh in traditional markets that are highly valued. US product will be frozen, shipped a long distance and likely go into processing or be sold in supermarkets with a markup. Hog prices in China have jumped 30% since the end of July and they are currently 74% higher than year ago, surpassing the record price levels we saw back in 2016. Pork prices at retail have also started to escalate, a signal of developing pork supply shortages in the market.

– ASF is not an issue in China alone. Reports from Vietnam underscore the degree of devastation in that country. Different from China, Vietnam continues to report scores of new cases of ASF and according to FAO, some 4 million pigs have been culled out of a total inventory of about 26 million at the start of the year. Cases of ASF have also been reported in Cambodia, Myanmar and Lao. There have also been reports of increased mortality in pigs in the Philippines although no official confirmation of ASF yet. A large number of backyard farms and limited bio-security means that once the disease enters an area it is almost impossible to contain it.

– The disease also continues to impact countries in Eastern Europe, with Bulgaria and Serbia the latest countries to report new cases of ASF. Bottom line: Despite some ASF reporting fatigue, the disease is far from contained and will remain a market factor going forward.

This article is taken from the Daily Livestock Report, for a more complete analysis please see:

African Swine Fever

2019 Wine Grape Twilight Meetings

The 2019 Wine Grape Twilight Meetings are being held in South Jersey on Wednesday, May 22 and North Jersey on Thursday, May 23.

See flyer for details.

2019 Wine Grape Twilight Meetings

South Jersey: Wednesday, May 22; 5:00-7:30 PM
William Heritage Winery
480 Mullica Hill Rd
Mullica Hill, NJ
North Jersey: Thursday, May 23; 5:00-7:30 PM
Fox Hollow Vineyards
939 Holmdel Rd
Holmdel, NJ
RSVP to Joan Medany at JMEDANY@CO.GLOUCESTER.NJ.US or 856-224-8040 EXT 1.

Atlantic-Cape Community College Offers DRONE DAY – A Learning Symposium

Covering Public Safety, Engineering and Agriculture
in collaboration with RCE Specialists & Agents
Friday, May 31 – 9am-1pm
Mays Landing campus Student Center
Register at atlanticcapedroneday.eventbrite.com

Drone Day poster