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May 4, 2026 , , and

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 4/27/2026

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit development across New Jersey continued to progress over the past week, and the impacts of the recent freeze event are now becoming more clearly defined. Across much of the state, significant injury to blossoms and young fruit has been confirmed, with many orchards reporting substantial crop loss. The extent of damage remains highly variable by location, elevation, variety, and phenological stage at the time of the freeze, with the most severe injury observed in low-lying areas and blocks that were at full bloom or petal fall.

At this stage, surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify, although some additional drop is still expected over the coming week. Growers are encouraged to continue evaluating blocks carefully before making final management decisions, as crop potential may continue to change.

In apples, early varieties such as ‘Pink Lady’ sustained significant injury in many locations. However, some later-developing blooms appear to have escaped the freeze, and limited fruit set is being observed from these later flowers. While this provides some promise in select blocks, overall yield potential remains extremely low across most orchards. Variability remains high even within individual blocks.

In pears, most varieties across the state were at or just past bloom during the freeze, and widespread crop loss has now been confirmed. In many orchards, little to no viable fruit remains, though isolated pockets of surviving fruit may still be present depending on site conditions.

Peach and nectarine varieties in southern counties, which were at petal fall to early shuck split during the freeze, experienced extensive crop loss in many orchards. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing at the time of the freeze, damage remains variable but is often substantial in more exposed locations.

Despite reduced crop potential, continued monitoring and management remain important, particularly in blocks with surviving fruit or where maintaining tree health and supporting return bloom for the 2027 season are priorities.

Apples
Apple Phenology Update

Apple phenology continued to progress across New Jersey over the past week, with most blocks now moving through bloom into petal fall. The impacts of the recent freeze event are now becoming more apparent, with significant injury observed in many orchards statewide. Early varieties in southern counties, such as ‘Pink Lady,’ sustained substantial damage where they were at full bloom during the freeze.

Later varieties and more northern regions show variable levels of injury depending on bloom stage and site conditions. In some blocks, later-developing blooms appear to have escaped damage and are setting limited fruit. Surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify, although some additional drop may still occur over the coming week.

As development continues into petal fall and early fruit set, this remains a critical period for disease management, particularly for fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust. Even in blocks with reduced crop, maintaining protection of foliage and any surviving fruit is essential for overall tree health and to support return bloom next season. Monitoring for early-season insect pests should also continue, with management decisions adjusted based on crop presence and block-specific conditions.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County Green Tip Tight Cluster Pink Bud Bloom Petal Fall
Cumberland 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8 4/17
Gloucester 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8 4/17
Burlington 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13 4/22
Mercer 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13 4/22
Middlesex 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/22
Monmouth 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/22
Hunterdon 3/22 4/1 4/10 4/17 4/24
Morris 3/26 4/4 4/11 4/17 4/24
Warren 3/30 4/4 4/13 4/17 4/24
Sussex 3/31 4/10 4/14 4/18 4/24
Bergen 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/24
Apple Scab
Apple scab season is approaching the end of primary ascospore release, with most ascospores now matured and a large proportion already discharged. We are transitioning out of peak primary infection risk; however, recent infection events and any established lesions can continue to drive secondary spread if not controlled.Recent wetting events earlier this week resulted in infection periods, but the upcoming forecast is relatively dry, which should limit additional infection risk in the short term. Growers should continue to monitor conditions closely and maintain coverage, particularly where primary infections may have already occurred. Models are available through NEWA and RIMpro
Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station
  • ~91–94% ascospore maturity as of April 29–May 1
  • ~62–63% cumulative ascospore discharge to date
  • Forecasted to reach ~95–98% maturity by May 2–6
  • Cumulative ascospore discharge forecasted to increase to ~73% by May 2–6
  • Infection events occurred April 29–30 under sufficient wetting and favorable temperatures
  • Limited infection risk is forecast over the next several days due to dry conditions

While primary scab season is nearing completion, remaining ascospores and recent infection events mean that protection should be maintained until discharge is complete and orchards are scouted for lesions.

Management Considerations

Fungicide programs should be maintained through petal fall and early fruit set, particularly in blocks where infection events occurred this week. However, as primary scab season nears completion and ascospore maturity approaches full discharge, growers should begin planning to wind down intensive scab programs.

One additional well-timed fungicide application over the next week may be sufficient to protect against any remaining ascospore release and recent infection events. Following this, programs can be adjusted based on scouting and the presence or absence of lesions.

Despite widespread freeze injury, protecting foliage remains critical for tree health and return bloom. Programs should continue to prioritize apple scab until primary season is complete, along with powdery mildew and cedar apple rust. Fire blight protection should continue where bloom or trauma blight risk remains.

Recommended Programs

  • Final primary scab spray (next 5–7 days):
    • Mancozeb or Captan + single-site fungicide (use reduced rate when tank mixing)
    • Time this application ahead of any remaining wetting events to protect against final ascospore discharge
  • Primary scab season is nearing completion — begin transitioning out of intensive spray programs
  • One final fungicide application over the next week should be sufficient in most blocks to cover remaining ascospore discharge
  • Recent infection events occurred April 29–30 — ensure coverage was adequate and consider follow-up where needed
  • After this final application, shift to scouting for primary lesions and adjust programs accordingly
  • Do not fully relax programs where foliage health is still a priority, especially in blocks with any remaining crop
  • Powdery mildew remains active under dry conditions
  • Do not tank mix Captan with oil due to phytotoxicity risk

Fireblight

Models

Fire blight risk remains present as we move through the end of bloom and into early post-bloom, particularly in blocks with open blossoms or where freeze injury may have created additional infection sites. Recent conditions included wetting events on April 29–30; however, risk has been relatively low over the past few days.

Forecasts indicate increasing risk heading into early next week, with Cougarblight values rising and infection potential (EIP) expected to increase by May 5–6 under warmer conditions. These conditions may support infection if bloom remains or if trauma events occur.

Given the current outlook, one to two additional bactericide applications may be warranted, particularly in blocks with a history of fire blight, open bloom, or high-value varieties. Applications should be timed ahead of forecasted rain events where possible.

Management Considerations

  • Consider 1–2 additional sprays.
    • Particularly important in blocks with open bloom, recent freeze injury, or known fire blight history
    • Time applications ahead of forecasted wetting events
  • Rotate bactericides.
    • Streptomycin, Kasugamycin, and Oxytetracycline should be rotated to reduce resistance risk
    • Kasumin is labeled through bloom/petal fall only
    • Streptomycin and oxytetracycline may be used post-bloom (FireLine 45 allows only one post-bloom application)
  • Monitor models closely.
    • Use Cougarblight and EIP tools to guide timing
    • Enter your last streptomycin application date to improve model accuracy
  • Be aware of trauma blight risk.
    • Freeze injury, wind, or hail can create entry points for infection even after bloom
  • Plan for aggressive sanitation this season.
    • With reduced crop in many blocks, this is an ideal year to focus on removing infected wood
    • Prune out blighted shoots and cankers during dry conditions to reduce inoculum for future seasons

Monitor:

    • NEWA models
    • Weather/wetting events
    • Phenology
Insect Update

Insect management programs should be adjusted this season based on reduced crop load in many orchards. In blocks with little to no fruit, many early-season insect pests will not require treatment; however, monitoring should continue, and management should be maintained where pests threaten tree health or next year’s crop.

  • Ambrosia Beetle
    • No new significant flight activity has been observed in recent days
    • Peak flight period appears to have passed, though low-level activity may still occur
    • Continue monitoring traps, particularly in stressed, freeze-damaged, declining, or newly planted blocks
    • Freeze-injured trees may remain attractive, so risk is not fully eliminated
    • No additional insecticide applications are needed in most blocks at this time unless activity resumes or trees are under stress
  • Codling Moth (CM)
    • Biofix has been set for southern New Jersey as of April 20, 2026
    • In blocks with little to no crop, CM management programs can often be reduced or delayed, as the risk of economic injury is low; however, monitoring should continue.
    • Mating disruption should remain in place where already deployed; do not remove dispensers, as they will continue to suppress populations
    • Where Mating Disruption has been employed or there is a reduced insecticide program, supplemental Madex applications can be made at the timings listed below if threshold exceeds 5 or more moths per trap per week.
Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Rimon:

75-100DD + 14-17 days later

 

 Intrepid

150 + 450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)

 Madex

250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

 Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

250 DD + 550 DD

 
DD 75 100 150 450 250 250 550
Southern April 20 5/4 5/5 5/11 Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off
Northern  NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
  • Other Apple Insects
    • In blocks with little to no crop, many early-season fruit-feeding insects will not require treatment at this time. Continue monitoring, and focus management on pests that impact tree health, terminal growth, or future crop potential.
  • Plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, stink bugs, BMSB, TABM, and OBLR:
    • In most blocks, treatment is not necessary where little to no fruit is present
  • Mites:
    • Continue to use standard thresholds through June
    • Maintaining healthy foliage is important for return bloom next season
  •  Rosy apple aphid:
    • Manage only in cases of severe infestation to avoid excessive leaf curling and shoot distortion
  • Dogwood borer:
    • Manage as needed in blocks with a history of infestation
Summary
  • The recent freeze has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many orchards, with damage now becoming more clearly defined at the block level
  • Some late-developing apple blooms have escaped injury and are setting limited fruit
  • Apple scab season is nearing completion, with most ascospores matured and a large portion already discharged; one final well-timed fungicide application should be sufficient in most blocks
  • Fire blight risk remains in blocks with open bloom or recent injury; 1–2 additional bactericide applications may be warranted based on model predictions and weather conditions
  • Insect management programs can be reduced in many blocks due to low crop, but monitoring should continue and management maintained for pests that impact tree health
  • Maintaining healthy foliage and overall tree vigor remains critical to support return bloom and production for the 2027 season

Pears
Pear Phenology Update

Pear development continued to progress across New Jersey over the past week, and the impacts of the recent freeze event are now becoming more clearly defined. Significant injury to blossoms and young fruit has been confirmed across much of the state, with many orchards reporting substantial crop loss.

Most European pear varieties were at full bloom to early petal fall during the freeze and have sustained widespread damage, particularly in low-lying or frost-prone areas. In many blocks, little to no viable fruit remains, though isolated pockets of surviving fruit may still be present depending on site conditions.

Asian pear varieties, which were generally more advanced at the time of the freeze, appear to have experienced even greater levels of injury in some locations. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage remains variable but is often still substantial in exposed sites.

At this stage, surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify (Figure 2), although some additional drop may still occur over the coming week. Growers should continue to assess blocks carefully before making final management decisions.

Pear fruitlets cut to assess freeze injury—internal tissue appears viable; however, additional drop may occur. Salem County, NJ.

Figure 1. Pear fruitlets cut to assess freeze injury—internal tissue appears viable; however, additional drop may occur. Salem County, NJ.

Despite reduced crop potential, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important, particularly to support return bloom and long-term productivity.

Pear Psylla
  • Pear psylla activity remains low across much of southern New Jersey, with limited observations to date
  • Some variability exists by block, though overall pressure remains light at this time
  • Freeze-damaged orchards may be more susceptible to colonization as stressed trees can favor psylla buildup

Regional Observations:

  • Gloucester County: None observed
  • Salem County: Newly emerged Adults observed
  • Burlington County: No activity observed to date
  • Mercer County: No activity observed to date

As orchards move through petal fall and temperatures warm, psylla populations may increase gradually, particularly in blocks where adults are present. However, given the widespread crop loss this season, economic risk is reduced in many orchards.

Management Considerations

  • In most blocks, immediate treatment is not necessary at this time
  • Continue monitoring for adults, eggs, and early nymphs, especially in historically infested blocks
  • Where management is needed, target newly hatched nymphs, which are the most susceptible stage
  • Focus treatments on blocks with high historical pressure, active populations, or significant freeze stress
  • Even with little to no crop, psylla should be managed where populations build to levels that may impact tree health, vigor, or lead to honeydew and sooty mold accumulation

Recommended Options

  • Movento (IRAC 23) – excellent systemic control of psylla, scale, and aphids (apply with a spreading/penetrating adjuvant for best performance)
  • Actara, Assail, Belay (IRAC 4A) – effective options for psylla control
  • Centaur (IRAC 16) – targets immature stages
  • Sivanto Prime (IRAC 4D) – effective, softer option with good activity
  • Agri-Mek (IRAC 6) – strong option when applied with oil/adjuvant, especially for nymph control

With little to no fruit in many blocks, psylla management should be highly targeted rather than routine. Focus on monitoring and only treat where populations threaten tree health or where there is a history of significant infestation.

Pear Diseases
Fire Blight and Early Season Management

As pear orchards move through petal fall and into early post-bloom, the primary bloom infection period is largely complete. However, fire blight remains a concern, particularly in blocks with freeze injury, where damaged tissue and rapid regrowth increase susceptibility.

The recent freeze has created additional risk for trauma blight, as injured blossoms and developing shoots provide entry points for infection during periods of warm temperatures, wind, or rain. At the same time, widespread crop loss reduces the need for fruit-focused disease programs, shifting management emphasis toward protecting tree health and controlling shoot blight.

At Petal Fall and Post-Bloom:

  • Continue monitoring forecasts using NEWA for fire blight risk, especially following storms or warm periods
  • Discontinue streptomycin after petal fall (not labeled beyond this stage)
  • Kasumin may be used up to petal fall only; do not apply afterward
  • Focus on protecting actively growing shoots, particularly during warm, wet, or stormy conditions
  • In high-risk situations, oxytetracycline (e.g., Mycoshield, FireLine) may be used post-bloom for shoot blight suppression

Management Considerations:

  • Monitor closely for trauma events (hail, wind, heavy rain), which can trigger shoot blight infections
  • Maintain heightened awareness in blocks with a history of fire blight or significant freeze injury
  • Rapid shoot growth under warm conditions increases susceptibility—vigorous orchards are at higher risk
  • With little to no crop in many blocks, focus management on tree health and reducing inoculum for future seasons

Fungicide Considerations (Post-Bloom)

  • Maintain protectant fungicides (e.g., Mancozeb, Ziram) for pear scab and Fabraea leaf spot to protect foliage
  • Use FRAC 3, 7, and premix fungicides (e.g., Inspire Super, Merivon, Luna products) where needed for foliar disease control
  • Rotate FRAC groups to manage resistance and maintain program efficacy
  • In blocks with little to no fruit, fungicide programs can often be reduced and focused on maintaining healthy foliage rather than fruit protection
Summary
  • The recent freeze has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many New Jersey pear orchards, with damage now more clearly defined at the block level.
  • Most orchards are now at petal fall to early post-bloom in southern counties, while northern counties have largely progressed through bloom with variable levels of injury.
  • Asian pear varieties, which were more advanced at the time of the freeze, experienced greater levels of injury in many locations; in most blocks, little to no viable fruit remains.
  • Pear psylla pressure remains low at this time; while populations may increase with warmer temperatures, most blocks do not require immediate treatment, though monitoring should continue—particularly in freeze-stressed or historically infested orchards.
  • Insecticide applications can be reduced in many blocks due to low crop; where needed, target early nymph stages and focus on blocks with active populations or a history of pressure.
  • Pear scab risk peaked during the April 25–27 infection period; current risk is declining, and one additional fungicide application is likely sufficient in most blocks to cover remaining primary infection.
  • Fire blight risk remains a concern in blocks with freeze injury and actively growing shoots; 1–2 additional bactericide applications may be warranted depending on conditions and model predictions.
  • With little to no crop in many orchards, management should shift toward maintaining healthy foliage, reducing inoculum, and supporting return bloom and productivity for the 2027 season.
  • Continued scouting and monitoring of weather conditions, pest activity, and tree response will remain important over the next 7–10 days.

Peaches
Peach Phenology

Peach and nectarine development continued to progress across New Jersey over the past week, and the impacts of the recent freeze event are now becoming more clearly defined. Significant injury to blossoms and young fruit has been confirmed in many orchards, particularly in southern counties.

Most varieties in southern New Jersey were at shuck split during the freeze, a highly sensitive stage, and have sustained substantial crop loss, especially in low-lying or frost-prone areas. In many blocks, little to no viable fruit remains, though isolated pockets of surviving fruit may still be present depending on site conditions.

In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing at the time of the freeze, damage remains variable but is often still significant in more exposed locations. Some blocks may retain limited crop depending on bloom stage and site protection.

At this stage, surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify, although additional drop may still occur over the coming week. Growers should continue to assess crop viability at the block level before making final management decisions.

Despite reduced crop potential, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important to support return bloom and long-term productivity for the 2027 season.

Petal Fall / Early Cover Disease Programs

Given the widespread crop loss in many orchards, disease management programs should be adjusted accordingly. With little to no fruit present in most blocks, emphasis should shift away from fruit protection and toward maintaining tree health and reducing inoculum for next season.

  • Peach scab:
    • In orchards without a history of high disease pressure, scab is generally not a concern in the absence of fruit
    • In blocks with a history of scab, lesions can still develop on current-season shoots and serve as inoculum for next year
    • In these situations, a reduced program may be warranted, with Captan applications timed ahead of significant rainfall events (e.g., ~2.5 lb/A)
  • Bacterial spot:
    • Maintain low-rate copper programs to protect foliage and reduce inoculum for future seasons
    • Particularly important in blocks with a history of bacterial spot or under warm, wet conditions
    • Avoid combining copper with captan, especially following extended cloudy or slow-drying conditions
  • Rusty spot and brown rot:
    • Not a concern in blocks with little to no fruit
    • Fungicide applications targeting these diseases can be eliminated in most orchards this season.
Insect Update

Insect management programs in peaches and nectarines should be adjusted this season based on reduced crop load. In blocks with little to no fruit, many fruit-feeding pests will not require treatment; however, monitoring should continue, and management should focus on pests that impact tree health or future production.

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)

  • OFM biofix has been set for April 7 in southern New Jersey and April 15 in northern counties
  • Degree-day accumulations should continue to be tracked from biofix to time first-generation management
  • In blocks with little to no fruit, OFM pressure will have limited economic impact; however, a well-timed application may still be beneficial to reduce populations, particularly in young blocks or orchards with historically high pressure
  • Where treatment is warranted, first-generation control should be timed around 170–200 DD (base 45°F) after biofix
  • A second treatment can be timed 10-14 days after petal fall where traps capture moths above threshold (>10) at 300-350 DD.
  • Mating disruption should remain in place where already deployed; do not remove dispensers
OFM 1st Generation Timing
  Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days

by 5/3 base 45

 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 288 1st –past

2nd – 5/7-5/9

 1st –past

2nd – 5/4-5/7
Middlesex – Northern 206 1st –4/30-5/2

2nd –

  1st – past

2nd –

Scale

  • Beneficial insects may help suppress populations in many blocks
  • In orchards with a history of infestation, plan to target the crawler stage later in the season
  • In severe infestations, materials such as Esteem or Centaur may be used
  • Where scale is a recurring problem, an application of Centaur at petal fall or Movento between petal fall and shuck split should “clean up” problem blocks. Centaur is recommended at 34.5 ozs./ac and Movento should be applied at 6-9 ozs./ac. A penetrant must be included to Movento as per the product label. Movento will also control green peach aphid when used at this time.
  • Continue monitoring historically infested blocks and planning for crawler management later in the season if populations persist.

Green Peach Aphid

  • Continue scouting as terminals expand and colonies begin to establish
  • Manage populations to prevent leaf curling and shoot distortion
  • Treatment thresholds remain:
    • Nectarines: 1 colony per tree
    • Peaches: 2–3 colonies per tree

Lesser and Greater Peach Tree Borers

  • Growers using mating disruption for borer control can begin placing dispensers around the end of April and should have them in place by mid-May.
  • Even in orchards with little fruit, borers will need to be managed to maintain healthy tree stands for the next season. If this has been a historical pest in your orchard, mating disruption is recommended.
  • Continue monitoring and manage as usual in problem blocks

Other Insects

  • Plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, stink bugs, BMSB, Japanese beetle, TABM, and thrips: In most blocks with little to no fruit, treatment is not necessary

Recommended Options

  • OFM / Leafrollers:
    • Altacor, Asana, Delegate, Besiege, Voliam Flexi
  • Lesser and Greater Peach Tree Borers
    • Asana XL, Pounce 25WG
  • Green Peach Aphid:
    • Assail, Actara, Admire Pro
Summary
  • The recent freeze has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many peach and nectarine orchards, with damage now clearly defined at the block level
  • Most southern New Jersey orchards have little to no viable fruit remaining, while northern orchards show variable but often significant injury depending on bloom stage and site conditions
  • Surviving fruitlets are becoming easier to identify, though additional drop may still occur over the coming week
  • With minimal crop present, disease management programs can be significantly reduced, with emphasis shifting to maintaining foliage health and reducing inoculum for next season
  • Fruit diseases such as brown rot and rusty spot are not a concern in most blocks this season
  • Insect management programs can also be reduced; most fruit-feeding pests will not require treatment in blocks without crop
  • Oriental fruit moth should still be monitored and may warrant a well-timed application in high-pressure or young blocks to reduce populations
  • Green peach aphid and mites should be managed as needed to protect foliage and support return bloom
  • Maintaining tree health and canopy development remains critical to support productivity for the 2027 season
  • Continued scouting and monitoring of weather, pest activity, and tree response will be important over the next 7–10 days

Blueberries
Blueberry Phenology

Blueberries were observed in bloom throughout Atlantic and Burlington Counties. While the freeze event the week of April 20 had some impact on earlier blooming varieties, later-blooming acreage that did not have significant freeze damage is now hitting peak bloom (Draper, Elliott, etc.).

Insect Update

Scouting activities were conducted across 141 fields in Burlington and Atlantic Counties. Field evaluations focused on the presence of leafrollers, spongy moths, plum curculio, and thrips. There was a minor increase in plum curculio and thrips; however, due to the ongoing pollination period, the application of insecticides is not recommended at this stage.

IPM Data

Leafroller Spongy Moth Plum Curculio Thrips
Avg High Avg High Avg High Avg High
4/17 0.0649 2 0.0001 0.1 0.0686 2.5 0.5547 9
4/25 0.0801 0.8 0.0001 0.1 0.1156 3 1.0383 26

 

Trap Monitoring: Cranberry and cherry fruitworm traps were deployed and will be monitored on a weekly. Scale traps targeting Putnam and terrapin scale will be set up in the coming week to monitor for first-generation crawler emergence and to assist in optimizing treatment timing.

Grapes
Grape Phenology

Grape development across New Jersey has progressed under recent warm conditions, with most vineyards in southern counties moving through early shoot growth stages. In many areas, shoots are now between 1–6 inches, depending on variety and site conditions.

Damage is most apparent in low-lying or frost-prone sites, where primary shoots may have been injured or killed. In these situations, secondary buds are beginning to push (Figure 2) and may help compensate for some crop loss, though overall yield may still be reduced depending on the extent of primary bud injury.

At this stage, vineyards should be assessed for primary shoot viability and uniformity of growth. Blocks with uneven development may require adjustments in management timing over the coming weeks.

Grapevines with secondary bud break.

Figure 2. Grapevines with secondary bud break.

Diseases
Insect Update
  • Insect pests to monitor are grape flea beetle, and climbing cutworms. Controls for these insects are rarely needed.
  • The first generation flight of grape berry moth (GBM) was completed in April. Management of GBM will focus on controlling later generations when they migrate into fields after bloom.
  • Spotted lanternfly nymphs have been observed in southern NJ vineyards (Figure 3). There is no need to control SLF at this time.
    Spotted lanternfly nymphs on grapevines.

    Figure 3. Spotted lanternfly nymphs on grapevines.

    It’s also not too late to scout for and destroy SLF egg masses on posts and trunks.

Filed Under: Blueberry, Fruit, Tree Fruit, Uncategorized, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
April 27, 2026

South Jersey Wine Grape Twilight

When:     May 20 (Wed) 5:00 PM
Where:    Saddlehill Winery and Vineyards: 1407 White Horse Rd, Voorhees Township, NJ 08043
Credits:  CORE; PP2; 1A; 10

5:00 pm Welcome and Updates
        Bill Green, Owner, Saddlehill Winery
        Hemant Gohil, Gloucester County Extension Agent, Rutgers NJAES

        Drone in Vineyard Applications – Demonstration
        What Should You Know to Legally Fly Drones in Agricultural Applications?
        Nathan Graham, UAV/Drone Specialist, Hoober Inc., PA.

        Field Observations from the Wine Grape IPM Pilot Program
        Janine Spies, Statewide Fruit IPM Program Leader, Rutgers NJAES.

        Insect Pest Management in the Vineyard
        Anne Nielsen, Extension Specialist in Fruit Entomology, Rutgers NJAES.

        Timing, Chemistry, Coverage: The Formula for Effective Disease Control
        Nancy Sharma, Extension Specialist, Fruit Pathology, Rutgers NJAES.

        Weed Management Updates for Vineyard
        Thierry Besancon, Extension Specialist, Weed Science, Rutgers NJAES.

        Pesticide recertification credits and adjourn.

Light fare will be provided. 
If you plan to attend, please email Joan Medany at jmedany@co.gloucester.nj.us or call 856-224-8030. 
For additional assistance, please contact Hemant Gohil at 856-224-8029 before the meeting.

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Filed Under: Blueberry, Cranberry, Fruit, Strawberry, Tree Fruit, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , ,
April 25, 2026 , and

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 4/20/2026

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit development across New Jersey progressed rapidly over the past week under continued warm conditions; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit across much of the state. Reports from across the state indicate substantial losses in many orchards, particularly in low-lying areas and blocks that were at full bloom or petal fall during the freeze. The extent of damage varies by location, variety, and orchard conditions; growers are encouraged to assess injury at the block level before making management decisions.

In apples, early varieties such as ‘Pink Lady’ were at full bloom during the freeze event across the state and are likely to have sustained significant injury. Later varieties and northern regions may have experienced variable damage depending on bloom stage and site conditions. Surviving fruitlets, if present, will become more apparent over the coming week.

In pears, most varieties across the state were at or just past bloom during the freeze, and significant crop loss is being reported. More advanced Asian pears may have experienced higher levels of injury.

Peach and nectarine varieties in southern counties were largely at petal fall to early shuck split during the freeze, and many orchards are reporting severe crop loss. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage levels appear variable but may still be substantial in exposed sites.

Despite crop loss, continued monitoring for pests and diseases remains important, particularly in blocks with surviving fruit or where tree health and next season’s production are priorities.

Management Considerations After Freeze

  • Assess damage before making inputs.
    Wait several days for symptoms to fully develop before making thinning, fertilization, or pest management decisions. Cut buds/fruitlets to check for browning of the ovary to determine viability.
  • Thinning programs may not be needed.
    In blocks with significant crop loss, chemical thinning applications should be reduced or avoided. Where crops remain, adjust rates conservatively based on observed fruit set.
  • Maintain disease management programs.
    Even in blocks with reduced crop, fungicide coverage should be maintained (e.g., apple scab, brown rot) to protect foliage and overall tree health. This is critical for supporting return bloom next season.
  • Fire blight risk remains important.
    Damaged blossoms can still serve as infection sites. Continue to monitor models (e.g., NEWA) and apply bactericides where risk is high and viable bloom remains.
  • Insect management should be adjusted, not eliminated.
    Continue monitoring key pests (e.g., Oriental fruit moth, codling moth, plum curculio). In blocks with little to no crop, insecticide programs may be reduced, but trunk and foliar pests that impact tree health should still be managed.
  • Focus on tree health and next year’s crop. Where crop loss is severe, prioritize maintaining healthy foliage through proper nutrition and disease control to support bud development for the 2027 season.

Apples
Apple Phenology Update

Apple phenology advanced rapidly across New Jersey over the past week under warm conditions; however, a significant freeze event has impacted orchards statewide. Most varieties were pink to full bloom during the freeze, with early varieties in southern counties, such as ‘Pink Lady,’ at full bloom and likely sustaining substantial injury. Later varieties and more northern regions may show variable levels of damage depending on bloom stage and site conditions.

As temperatures remain favorable, development will continue into petal fall, where viable fruit remains. This remains a critical period for disease management, particularly for fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust. Even in blocks with reduced crop, maintaining protection of foliage and any surviving fruit is important for overall tree health and return bloom next season. Monitoring for early-season insect pests should also continue, with management decisions adjusted based on crop presence and block-specific conditions.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County Green Tip Tight Cluster Pink Bud Bloom Petal Fall
Cumberland 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8 4/17
Gloucester 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8 4/17
Burlington 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13 4/22
Mercer 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13 4/22
Middlesex 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/22
Monmouth 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 4/22
Hunterdon 3/22 4/1 4/10 4/17 TBD
Morris 3/26 4/4 4/11 4/17 TBD
Warren 3/30 4/4 4/13 4/17 TBD
Sussex 3/31 4/10 4/14 4/18 TBD
Bergen 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14 TBD
Apple Scab
Models

Apple scab infection risk remains elevated as we move through bloom and into petal fall. Ascospore maturity continues to increase rapidly, and we are in a critical window for primary infection. While recent conditions have been relatively dry, upcoming forecasted wetting events may result in significant ascospore discharge and infection risk. Growers should continue to monitor forecasts closely and maintain fungicide coverage, particularly ahead of rain events. Models are available through NEWA and RIMpro.

Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station
  • ~69–74% ascospore maturity as of April 22–23
  • ~43% cumulative ascospore discharge to date
  • Forecasted to reach ~79–84% maturity by April 24–26
  • Cumulative ascospore discharge forecasted to increase to ~78–82% by April 25–27
  • A combined infection event is forecasted for April 25–26 with sufficient wetting and favorable temperatures for infection

Primary scab season is approaching peak discharge, and maintaining coverage through this period is essential to prevent the establishment of primary infections.

Management Considerations

Fungicide programs should be maintained through bloom and into petal fall, particularly ahead of the forecasted infection event later this week. Despite widespread freeze injury, protecting foliage and any remaining viable fruit is critical for both current and next season’s production.

Programs should prioritize control of apple scab, fire blight (where bloom remains), powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, especially given increasing ascospore maturity and the upcoming wetting period.

Recommended Programs

  • Protectant + single-site tank mix:
    • Mancozeb or Captan + single-site fungicide (use reduced rate when tank mixing)
  • FRAC 3 (DMI fungicides):
    • Rally, Indar, Inspire Super, Topguard, Cevya
    • Strong activity on scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust
  • FRAC 7 fungicides:
    • Fontelis, Miravis, Sercadis
    • Effective for scab and mildew, but limited rust activity
    • Reserve Aprovia for summer bitter rot programs (max 4 applications)
  • FRAC 7 + 11 or 7 + 9 premixes:
    • Merivon, Luna Sensation, Luna Tranquility, Pristine
    • Broad-spectrum activity; good fit during high scab pressure periods
  • FRAC 9 or FRAC 1 fungicides:
    • Vangard, Scala, Topsin
    • Useful for scab, but do not control cedar apple rust
  • Fire blight management:
    • Rotate Kasugamycin, Streptomycin, and Oxytetracycline
    • Kasumin is labeled only through bloom/petal fall
    • Streptomycin and oxytetracycline can be used post-bloom (note: FireLine 45 allows only 1 post-bloom application)
    • Consider Actigard, Apogee/Kudos, or other plant defense elicitors where appropriate

Key Reminders

  • Time applications ahead of rain events – a significant infection period is forecasted around April 25–26
  • Apply on a 3–7 day interval, tightening to 3–5 days during high-risk periods
  • Do not relax fungicide programs despite crop loss – protecting foliage is critical for return bloom
  • Powdery mildew remains active under dry conditions
  • Do not tank mix Captan with oil due to phytotoxicity risk
  • Rotate FRAC groups and preserve FRAC 11 fungicides for summer use

Monitor:

  • NEWA models
  • Weather/wetting events
  • Phenology
Insect Update

Early control is critical to avoiding season-long pressure.

Ambrosia Beetle

  • Significant flight activity has been observed across New Jersey, with high trap captures reported in multiple counties
  • Activity remains elevated, particularly following recent warm temperatures
  • Continue monitoring closely, especially in stressed, freeze-damaged, declining, or newly planted blocks, which remain highly susceptible
  • Freeze-injured trees may be more attractive to ambrosia beetles, increasing risk even in blocks with little to no crop

Codling Moth (CM)

  • Biofix has been set for southern New Jersey as of April 20, 2026
  • No trap capture has occurred in northern New Jersey this season
  • Begin tracking degree-day accumulations from this date to time management applications
  • In blocks with viable crop, early-season control is important to prevent internal fruit feeding later in the season
  • In blocks with little to no crop, CM management programs may be reduced, but monitoring should continue
Summary
  • A significant freeze event has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many orchards
  • Damage varies by block, and crop viability should be assessed before making management decisions
  • Apple scab risk is approaching peak primary infection, with a major infection event forecasted around April 25–26—fungicide coverage is critical ahead of rain
  • Fire blight risk remains in blocks with surviving bloom; continue monitoring models and applying bactericides as needed
  • Even in low-crop blocks, maintaining disease control and tree health is essential to support return bloom for next season

Pears
Pear Phenology Update

Pear development progressed rapidly across New Jersey under recent warm temperatures; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit.

Most European pear varieties in New Jersey were at full bloom to early petal fall during the freeze and are likely to have sustained substantial crop loss, especially in low-lying or frost-prone areas. Damage levels vary by block, and growers should assess viability over the coming days.

Asian pear varieties, which were generally slightly more advanced, may have experienced greater levels of injury in some locations due to increased sensitivity at later bloom stages. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage appears more variable depending on site conditions.

Where viable fruit remains, development will continue into petal fall. Despite potential crop loss, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important to support return bloom and long-term productivity.

Pear Psylla
  • Pear psylla activity remains generally low to moderate across southern New Jersey, though variability exists by block
  • Freeze-damaged orchards may see increased psylla pressure, as stressed trees are more susceptible to colonization

Regional Observations:

  • Gloucester County: None observed
  • Salem County: Adults observed
  • Burlington County: No activity observed to date
  • Mercer County: No activity observed to date

As orchards move through petal fall and temperatures remain warm, psylla populations are expected to increase, particularly where eggs are already present.

Management Considerations

  • Insecticide applications should target newly hatched nymphs, which are the most susceptible stage
  • Timing is critical—applications shortly after egg hatch provide the most effective control
  • Prioritize blocks with historically high pressure, current egg presence, or freeze stress
  • Even in blocks with reduced crop, psylla management remains important to protect tree health and prevent honeydew/sooty mold buildup

Recommended Options

  • Movento (IRAC 23) – excellent systemic control of psylla, scale, and aphids (apply with a spreading/penetrating adjuvant for best performance)
  • Actara (IRAC 4A) – highly effective on psylla and aphids
  • Assail (IRAC 4A) – good activity on psylla and multiple pests
  • Belay (IRAC 4A) – effective option for psylla control
  • Centaur (IRAC 16) – targets immature stages
  • Sivanto Prime (IRAC 4D) – effective, softer option with good activity
  • Agri-mek (IRAC 6) – strong option when applied with oil/adjuvant, especially for nymph control
Pear Diseases
Fire Blight and Early Season Management

As pear orchards move through petal fall, the primary bloom infection period is largely complete; however, fire blight risk remains a concern, particularly under warm conditions and in blocks with freeze-injured tissue.

The recent freeze may increase susceptibility, as damaged blossoms and succulent regrowth provide entry points for infection, especially during rain, wind, or rapid shoot growth.

At Petal Fall and Post-Bloom:

  • Continue monitoring forecasts using NEWA for blight risk, especially following storms
  • Discontinue streptomycin after petal fall (not labeled beyond this stage)
  • Kasumin may be used up to petal fall only; do not apply afterward
  • Focus on protecting actively growing shoots, particularly during warm, wet, or stormy conditions
  • In high-risk situations, oxytetracycline (e.g., Mycoshield/FireLine) may be used post-bloom for shoot blight suppression

Management Considerations:

  • Watch closely for trauma events (hail, wind, heavy rain), which can trigger infections
  • Maintain heightened awareness in blocks with a history of fire blight or freeze injury
  • Rapid shoot growth under warm conditions increases susceptibility—vigorous orchards are at higher risk
  • Be prepared to transition to post-bloom shoot blight management strategies, including timely antibiotic applications where appropriate

Fungicide Considerations (Post-Bloom)

  • Maintain protectant fungicides (e.g., Mancozeb, Ziram) for pear scab and Fabraea leaf spot
  • Use FRAC 3, 7, and premix fungicides (e.g., Inspire Super, Merivon, Luna products) for broad-spectrum disease control
  • Rotate FRAC groups to manage resistance and maintain program efficacy
  • Continue coverage even in low-crop blocks to protect foliage and support return bloom
Pear Scab

RIMpro modeling indicates that infection risk is increasing rapidly, with a significant infection period developing April 25–27. Infection values are reaching moderate to high levels, indicating strong potential for primary infections during this window.

Ascospore availability remains high, and with forecasted wetting events and increasing susceptibility, this represents a critical period for disease management. Even as trees move beyond bloom, maintaining coverage is essential to prevent the establishment of primary scab infections.

At and Past Petal Fall

  • Maintain protective fungicide coverage, especially ahead of the April 25–27 infection period
  • Apply prior to rain events, as infection occurs during leaf wetness periods
  • If ≥2 inches of rainfall occurs after an application, consider reapplication to maintain protection
  • Conditions are favorable for infection under cool, wet weather with extended leaf wetness

Recommended Options

  • Protectants: Mancozeb, Ziram, Ferbam
  • Resistance-risk materials: Procure, Cevya, Flint, Merivon, Luna Sensation, Inspire Super
  • Vangard – use in tank mix with a protectant
Summary

A significant freeze event has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss in many New Jersey pear orchards, with damage varying by block and site conditions.

  • Most pear varieties in southern counties are now at petal fall to early post-bloom, while northern counties range from full bloom to late bloom
  • Asian pear varieties, which were more advanced, may have experienced greater levels of freeze injury in some locations
  • Pear psylla pressure remains low to moderate, but populations are expected to increase with warm temperatures and may be higher in freeze-stressed blocks
  • Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, with a focus on targeting early nymph hatch and prioritizing high-pressure or stressed orchards
  • Pear scab risk is increasing, with a high-risk infection period forecasted around April 25–27—fungicide coverage should be maintained ahead of rainfall
  • Fire blight risk remains elevated, particularly in blocks with freeze injury and actively growing shoots; monitor for trauma events and late infection risk
  • Even in blocks with reduced crop, maintaining disease control and tree health is critical to support return bloom and productivity next season
  • Continued scouting and close monitoring of weather conditions, pest activity, and tree response will be essential over the next 7–10 days

Peaches
Peach Phenology
  • Peach and nectarine development progressed rapidly across New Jersey under recent warm temperatures; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit, particularly in southern counties.
  • Most varieties in southern New Jersey were at shuck split during the freeze, a highly sensitive stage, and are likely to have sustained substantial crop loss, especially in low-lying or frost-prone areas. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage appears more variable depending on site conditions and variety.
  • Development will continue to advance under favorable temperatures, with any surviving fruit progressing through shuck split into early fruit development. Over the coming week, growers should assess crop viability at the block level as injury becomes more apparent.
  • Despite potential crop loss, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important to support return bloom and long-term productivity.
Brown Rot

Blossom blight risk is declining as orchards move through petal fall; however, brown rot remains a concern on young fruitlets, particularly under warm, wet conditions. The recent freeze may have increased susceptibility, as damaged blossoms and fruitlets can serve as infection sites.

Infection is favored during wetting periods between 41–86°F (optimal mid-70s), and risk remains elevated during extended wet periods. Fruitlets remain susceptible through shuck split, after which natural resistance begins to increase.

Management Considerations

  • Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall
  • Focus on protecting young fruitlets, particularly in blocks with a history of brown rot
  • If prolonged wetting occurred during bloom, ensure continued protection post-bloom
  • Rotate fungicide chemistries to reduce resistance risk

Recommended Petal Fall / Early Cover Materials

  • Effective options:
    • Indar, Inspire Super, Luna Sensation, Merivon, Pristine, Cevya, Flint Extra
  • Additional options:
    • Rovral (prior to petal fall timing only)
    • Captan (useful in cover sprays)

Notes:

  • Many of the most effective materials (FRAC 7, 11, 3) also play key roles in pre-harvest brown rot control—plan rotations accordingly
  • Avoid over-reliance on any single FRAC group
  • Abound and Quadris Top are highly effective, but are phytotoxic to apples—do not use if the same sprayer is used across crops

Petal Fall / Early Cover Disease Programs

  • Peach scab:
    • Cankers begin to expand at bloom and by shuck split begin to shed spores during wetting periods, so protective applications should be initiated starting at petal fall.
    • Captan or Captan/Topsin combinations are good for cover sprays after shuck split for blocks that had scab last year.
    • Apply Flint Extra or Abound at petal fall for anti-sporulant activity in high-pressure blocks.
  • Bacterial spot:
    • Begin protection at petal fall in susceptible blocks using copper or Mycoshield, especially under warm, wet conditions.
    • Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days.
  • Rusty spot:
    • Programs should begin at petal fall, with Rally commonly used as the first application.
Insect Update

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)

  • OFM traps are active across New Jersey, with biofix set for April 7 in South NJ and April 15 for most counties in North NJ.
  • Degree-day accumulation should be tracked from this date to properly time first-generation management. The first insecticides for first generation Oriental Fruit Moth control should be applied at 170-200 degree days (base 45 deg F) after biofix. This timing generally coincides with petal fall in peaches. Do not apply insecticides until all bloom is off regardless of degree day timing. No Insecticides for OFM should be needed where Mating Disruption is implemented.
  • As blocks move through petal fall, growers should begin preparing for first cover applications targeting OFM larvae. Timings can be calculated using the degree day calculator at the NEWA website by choosing the weather station nearest your farm, entering the biofix date as the start date, and choosing base 45 in the “degree day type” menu.
  • Keep in mind that plum curculio is also active at petal fall so an insecticide that targets both pests should be selected, like Asana or Avaunt.
OFM 1st Generation Timing
  Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days

by 4/24 base 45

 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 235 1st –4/18-4/23

2nd –

 1st –past

2nd –
Middlesex – Northern 133 1st –4/30-5/2

2nd –

  1st – 4/22-4/28

2nd –

Scale

  • Delayed dormant oil applications are complete for most orchards.
  • Where oil was not applied or in orchards where scale is a recurring problem, an application of Centaur at petal fall or Movento between petal fall and shuck split should “clean up” problem blocks. Centaur is recommended at 34.5 ozs./ac and Movento should be applied at 6-9 ozs./ac. A penetrant must be included to Movento as per the product label. Movento will also control green peach aphid when used at this time.
  • Continue monitoring historically infested blocks and planning for crawler management later in the season if populations persist.

Green Peach Aphid

  • GPA colonies begin forming sometime during bloom. Examine trees for the presence of colonies from pink to shuck split.
  • Continue scouting as terminals expand, and colonies begin to establish.
  • Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold:
    • Nectarines: 1 colony per tree
    • Peaches: 2–3 colonies per tree

Lesser and Greater Peach Tree Borers

  • Growers using mating disruption for borer control can begin placing dispensers around the end of April and should have them in place by mid-May.

Petal Fall Considerations

Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall.

  • Target key pests including:
    • OFM (timed by degree-days from biofix)
    • Plum curculio
    • Tarnished plant bug and other catfacing isnects
    • Green peach aphid

Early applications should focus on preventing the establishment of first-generation pests, particularly in blocks with a history of pressure

Recommended Petal Fall Options

  • OFM / Leafrollers:
    • Altacor, Asana, Delegate, Besiege, Voliam Flexi
  • Plum Curculio / Catfacing Insects:
    • Imidan, Avaunt, Actara, pyrethroids (e.g., Warrior II, Lambda-Cy)
  • Green Peach Aphid:
    • Assail, Actara, Admire Pro
Summary
  • Most peach and nectarine varieties in southern New Jersey are at petal fall to shuck split, while northern counties are at full bloom to petal fall.
  • The freeze event earlier this week has resulted in significant impact across the state, although the effect on projected crop yield is currently unknown.
  • Brown rot risk remains present, particularly during wetting events, with young fruitlets susceptible through shuck split.
  • Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall.
  • OFM biofix was set for 4/7 for southern counties and 4/15 for northern counties, and growers should continue tracking degree-day accumulation to time first-generation management.
  • Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, targeting key pests including OFM, plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, and green peach aphid.
Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Disease Forecasting, Fruit, Tree Fruit Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
April 20, 2026 , and

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 4/13/2026

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit development resumed rapidly across New Jersey this past week following earlier frost events, with warm temperatures accelerating phenology. While some frost damage may be present in advanced blocks—particularly in southern counties—overall development is progressing quickly and bloom is widespread. A freeze event is expected overnight Monday 4/20 into Tuesday, and temperatures will gradually moderate through the remainder of the week.

In apples, early varieties such as ‘Pink Lady’ are now at full bloom in southern counties, with most other varieties progressing through pink to early bloom across central and northern regions. Bloom is becoming more widespread statewide.

In pears, most varieties are beginning petal fall in southern counties. Asian pears remain slightly more advanced.

Peach and nectarine varieties are close to 100% petal fall in southern counties, with early varieties beginning shuck split. In northern counties, most varieties are at bloom, with some earlier varieties reaching petal fall.

Apples
Apple Phenology Update

Apple phenology continues to progress across New Jersey, with development advancing rapidly under recent warm temperatures. Observations indicate that most varieties statewide are at pink bud, while early varieties in southern counties, such as Pink Lady, have entered bloom.

This stage marks a critical transition in disease management, particularly for fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, while also representing an important period for early-season insect management and monitoring.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County Green Tip Tight Cluster Pink Bud Bloom
Cumberland 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8
Gloucester 3/22 3/28 4/3 4/8
Burlington 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13
Mercer 3/22 3/28 4/2 4/13
Middlesex 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14
Monmouth 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14
Hunterdon 3/22 4/1 4/10 4/17
Morris 3/26 4/4 4/11 4/17
Warren 3/30 4/4 4/13 4/17
Sussex 3/31 4/10 4/14 TBD
Bergen 3/22 4/1 4/4 4/14

Apple Scab
Models

Apple scab infection risk continues to increase as we move through bloom. Models available through NEWA and RIMpro. indicate that ascospore maturity is progressing rapidly, and we are entering a critical period for primary infection.

While conditions have been relatively dry over the past several days, upcoming weather patterns may result in infection events. Growers should continue to monitor forecasts closely and maintain fungicide coverage, particularly during bloom when susceptibility is high.

Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station
  • ~58% ascospore maturity as of April 15–17
  • ~28% cumulative ascospore discharge to date
  • Forecasted to reach ~65–75% maturity by April 18–21
  • Cumulative ascospore discharge forecasted to increase to ~57–58% by April 19–20
Management Considerations

Fungicide applications should be maintained through bloom, prior to predicted infection events.

Programs should prioritize control of fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, especially in blocks at full bloom or entering petal fall.

Recommended Programs

  • Protectant + single-site tank mix:
    • Mancozeb + single-site fungicide (use reduced rate when tank mixing)
  • FRAC 3 (DMI fungicides):
    • Rally, Indar, Inspire Super, Topguard, Cevya
    • Provide strong activity on scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust
  • FRAC 7 fungicides:
    • Fontelis, Miravis, Sercadis
    • Effective for scab and mildew, but limited rust activity
    • Reserve Aprovia for summer bitter rot programs (max 4 applications)
  • FRAC 9 or FRAC 1 fungicides:
    • Vangard, Scala, Topsin
    • Useful for scab, but do not control cedar apple rust
  • Rotation of Kasugamycin, Streptomycin and Oxytetratracycline for fire blight
    • Kasumin is only labeled for bloom and petal fall applications
    • Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are labeled for post bloom use (note that Fireline 45 only allows for 1 postbloom application on apple).
    • The addition of Actigard, Apogee/Kudos, or other plant defense elicitors may improve control.

Monitor:

  • NEWA models
  • Weather/wetting events
  • Phenology
Insect Update

Early control is critical to avoiding season-long pressure.

Ambrosia Beetle

  • Significant flight activity has been observed across New Jersey, with high trap captures reported in multiple counties.
  • Activity is increasing in all regions.
  • Continue monitoring activity closely, particularly in stressed, declining, or newly planted blocks, which remain most susceptible.
  • Growers should remain alert, as peak flight activity typically coincides with warm temperatures during bloom.

Mating Disruption Timing

  • Codling moth (CM) mating disruption should be deployed by bloom (pink–early bloom timing is ideal).
  • Most counties are now at bloom, and applications should be completed immediately if not already done.
Key Reminders
  • Apply on a 3–7 day interval during bloom, tightening ahead of rain
  • Powdery mildew can develop under dry conditions
  • Do not tank mix Captan with oil due to phytotoxicity risk
  • Rotate FRAC groups and preserve FRAC 11 fungicides for summer use

Pears
Pear Phenology Update

Pear development has progressed rapidly across New Jersey, with warm temperatures accelerating bloom.

Most European pear varieties are now early-petal-fall in southern counties.

Asian pear varieties remain slightly more advanced, with many blocks in southern counties moving through late bloom into early petal fall, and northern plantings at full bloom to late bloom.

Pear Psylla

Pear psylla activity continues to be variable across southern New Jersey, though pressure remains generally low to moderate in most orchards. Earlier oil applications, particularly where combined with materials such as Esteem, have likely helped suppress early populations.

  • Gloucester County: None observed
  • Salem County: Adults observed
  • Burlington County: No activity observed to date
  • Mercer County: No activity observed to date

As orchards move through petal fall, psylla populations are expected to increase with continued warm temperatures.

At Petal Fall:

  • Continue monitoring for adults, eggs, and early nymph hatch
  • Use beating trays to assess adult activity
  • Examine developing shoots and leaf undersides for eggs and emerging nymphs

Management Considerations:

  • Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, targeting early nymph stages
  • Timing is critical—applications shortly after egg hatch provide the most effective control
  • Prioritize blocks with historically high pressure or current egg presence

Recommended Petal Fall Options:

  • Movento – excellent systemic control of psylla, scale, and aphids (use with a spreading-penetrating adjuvant to improve efficacy)
  • Also effective options at petal fall: Actara, Assail, Belay, Centaur, Sivanto Prime, and Agri-mek

Management should focus on targeting newly hatched nymphs, as this stage is the most susceptible and critical for preventing population buildup.

Pear Diseases
Fire Blight and Early Season Management

As pear orchards move through petal fall, the primary bloom infection period is wrapping up; however, fire blight risk remains elevated under warm conditions. Bacteria can still spread to young tissues, particularly during periods of rain, wind, or rapid growth.

At Petal Fall and Post-Bloom:

  • Continue to monitor forecasts using NEWA for any late infection or trauma blight risk
  • Discontinue streptomycin use after petal fall (not labeled beyond this stage)
  • Kasumin may be used up to petal fall, but should not be applied afterward
  • Focus on protecting actively growing shoots, especially during warm, wet, or stormy conditions

Management Considerations:

  • Watch for trauma events (hail, wind, heavy rain), which can trigger infections
  • Maintain awareness in blocks with a history of fire blight
  • Be prepared to transition to post-bloom management strategies if conditions remain favorable
Pear Scab

RIMpro modeling continues to indicate that ascospore availability remains high, and infection risk persists during wetting events. As trees move beyond bloom, maintaining coverage remains critical to prevent primary infections.

At Petal Fall:

  • Maintain protective fungicide coverage, especially ahead of rainfall
  • Apply prior to wetting events, as infections occur during leaf wetness periods
  • If ≥2 inches of rainfall occurs after an application, consider reapplication to maintain coverage

Recommended Options:

  • Protectants: Mancozeb, Ziram, Ferbam
  • Resistance-risk materials: Procure, Cevya, Flint, Merivon, Luna Sensation, Inspire Super, Vangard (tank mix with protectant)
Summary
  • Most pear varieties across southern New Jersey are now at petal fall, with some blocks moving into early post-bloom stages; northern counties remain at full bloom to late bloom.
  • Asian pear varieties remain slightly more advanced, with many blocks at petal fall.
  • Pear psylla pressure remains low to moderate, likely due in part to prior oil applications, particularly where combined with Esteem.
  • Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, with a focus on targeting early nymph hatch.
  • Growers should continue scouting for adults, eggs, and newly hatched nymphs to guide post-bloom management decisions.
  • Recent and forecasted wetting events continue to support pear scab infection risk, and fungicide coverage should be maintained.
  • Fire blight risk remains elevated, particularly under warm conditions; monitor for trauma events and late infection risk.
  • Continued scouting and close monitoring of weather conditions and tree growth will be critical over the next 7–10 days as post-bloom disease and insect pressure develop.

Peaches
Peach Phenology
  • Peach at shuck split in Gloucester County, NJ.

    Figure 1. Peach at shuck split in Gloucester County, NJ.

    Peach and nectarine development has progressed rapidly across New Jersey, with warm temperatures accelerating bloom and early fruit set.

  • Most varieties in southern counties are now at petal fall to early shuck split (Figure 1), while northern counties are at full bloom, with some earlier varieties at petal fall.
  • Development is expected to continue advancing quickly under continued warm conditions, with southern blocks moving further into early fruit development stages over the next week.

 

Brown Rot

Blossom blight risk declines as orchards move through petal fall; however, infections can still occur on remaining blossoms and young fruitlets under favorable conditions.

Infection is favored during wetting periods between 41–86°F, with optimal conditions in the mid-70s, and risk remains elevated during extended wet periods. Fruitlets remain susceptible until shuck split, when natural resistance begins to increase.

Management Considerations

  • Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall
  • Focus on protecting young fruitlets, particularly in blocks with a history of brown rot
  • If prolonged wetting occurred during bloom, ensure continued protection post-bloom
  • Rotate fungicide chemistries to reduce resistance risk

Recommended Petal Fall / Early Cover Materials

  • Effective options:
    • Indar, Inspire Super, Luna Sensation, Merivon, Pristine, Cevya, Flint Extra
  • Additional options:
    • Rovral (prior to petal fall timing only)
    • Captan (useful in cover sprays)

Notes:

  • Many of the most effective materials (FRAC 7, 11, 3) also play key roles in pre-harvest brown rot control—plan rotations accordingly
  • Avoid over-reliance on any single FRAC group
  • Abound and Quadris Top are highly effective, but are phytotoxic to apples—do not use if the same sprayer is used across crops

Petal Fall / Early Cover Considerations: 

  • Peach scab:
    • Apply Flint Extra or Abound at petal fall for anti-sporulant activity in high-pressure blocks
  • Bacterial spot:
    • Begin protection at petal fall in susceptible blocks using copper or Mycoshield, especially under warm, wet conditions
  • Rusty spot:
    • Programs should begin at petal fall, with Rally commonly used as the first application
Insect Update

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)

OFM traps are active across southern New Jersey, with biofix set for April 7 in South NJ and April 15 for most counties in North NJ.

Degree-day accumulation should be tracked from this date to properly time first-generation management. The first insecticides for first generation Oriental Fruit Moth control should be applied at 170-200 degree days (base 45 deg F) after biofix. This timing generally coincides with petal fall in peaches. Do not apply insecticides until all bloom is off regardless of degree day timing. No Insecticides for OFM should be needed where Mating Disruption is implemented.

As blocks move through petal fall, growers should begin preparing for first cover applications targeting OFM larvae. Timings can be calculated using the degree day calculator at the NEWA website by choosing the weather station nearest your farm, entering the biofix date as the start date, and choosing base 45 in the “degree day type” menu.

Keep in mind that plum curculio is also active at petal fall so an insecticide that targets both pests should be selected.

OFM 1st Generation Timing
  Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days

by 4/19 base 45

 Conventional

170-200, 350-375

 Diamide

100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern 178 1st –4/18-4/23

2nd –

 1st –past

2nd –
Middlesex – Northern 101 1st –4/27-4/29

2nd –

  1st – 4/19-4/25

2nd –

Scale

  • Delayed dormant oil applications are complete for most orchards.
  • Continue monitoring historically infested blocks and plan for crawler management later in the season if populations persist.

Green Peach Aphid

  • GPA colonies begin forming sometime during bloom. Examine trees for the presence of colonies from pink to shuck split.
  • Continue scouting as terminals expand and colonies begin to establish.
  • Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold:
    • Nectarines: 1 colony per tree
    • Peaches: 2–3 colonies per tree

Petal Fall Considerations

Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall

  • Target key pests including:
    • OFM (timed by degree-days from biofix)
    • Plum curculio
    • Tarnished plant bug and other catfacing isnects
    • Green peach aphid

Early applications should focus on preventing the establishment of first-generation pests, particularly in blocks with a history of pressure

Recommended Petal Fall Options

  • OFM / Leafrollers:
    • Altacor, Delegate, Besiege, Voliam Flexi
  • Plum Curculio / Catfacing Insects:
    • Imidan, Avaunt, Actara, pyrethroids (e.g., Warrior II, Lambda-Cy)
  • Green Peach Aphid:
    • Assail, Actara, Admire Pro
Summary
  • Most peach and nectarine varieties in southern New Jersey are now at petal fall to early shuck split, while northern counties are at full bloom.
  • Development has progressed rapidly under recent warm temperatures and will continue advancing quickly with favorable weather.
  • Brown rot risk remains present, particularly during wetting events, with young fruitlets susceptible through shuck split.
  • Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall.
  • OFM biofix was set for 4/7 for southern counties and 4/15 for northern counties, and growers should continue tracking degree-day accumulation to time first-generation management.
  • Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, targeting key pests including OFM, plum curculio, and green peach aphid.
  • Delayed dormant oil timing has passed; focus should shift to in-season insect monitoring and management.
  • Continue scouting for green peach aphid, with treatment thresholds of 1 colony/tree in nectarines and 2–3 colonies/tree in peaches.
  • Continued scouting and timely applications will be critical over the next 7–10 days as crop development and pest pressure increase.
Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Disease Forecasting, Fruit, Tree Fruit Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
April 20, 2026

NJ DEP issues Controlled Open Burn Permit from April 18, through Wednesday April 22.

(TRENTON) – With the state expected to experience cooler spring temperatures, the Department of Environmental Protection has agreed with NJDA Secretary Ed Wengryn’s request to allow farmers to do controlled open burning or use specialized torches known as smudge pots to protect flowering crops from damage beginning Saturday, April 18, through Wednesday, April 22. Temperatures are expected to drop to the 30s or below this week with varying winds through portions of the state. These expected temperatures follow warm temperatures in recent days. Damage from freezing weather now can significantly reduce yields of certain fruits and vegetables that are in the flowering stage.

The DEP and the Department of Agriculture are allowing these steps to protect farmers’ livelihoods and ensure that consumers can enjoy an ample supply of Jersey produce later this year.  The DEP intends to exercise its authority and discretion under the Air Pollution Control Code, N.J.A.C. 7:27, et seq., and other applicable authorities to permit the following procedure for open burning or the use of smudge pots to assist farmers in protecting their crops in low temperatures. Farmers who believe they will need to conduct open burns and/or use smudge pots must provide notice to the DEP’s 24-hour Communications Center at 1-877- WARNDEP (1-877-927-6337). Notification to DEP does not require implementing either technique, but it ensures proper procedures are followed should they become necessary. If a farmer does not call DEP in advance but uses either technique, the farmer must notify DEP by 9 a.m. the following day. The farmer will be asked which technique was used. Farmers must record the incident number provided to them by the Communications Center. The following information is to be provided:

 Name of the individual making the decision to conduct the open burning/use of smudge pots and name of the farm.

  • Actual street address of the farm on which either technique will be used (no P.O. Boxes).
  • Telephone number of a contact at the farm.
  • Predicted temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) at the agricultural operation when the technique will be used.
  • Wind speed anticipated when the technique will be used.
  • Predicted hours of open burning and/or use of smudge pots.
  • Materials expected to be burned.
  • At the time of the initial call to the Communications Center, farmers will be given an email address and incident number.

Within two days, they must submit to DEP via this email address the following information:

  • The DEP Communications Center incident number.
  • Ambient temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) at the time the technique was used.
  • Actual wind speed at the orchard at the time the technique was used.
  • A statement verifying that all restrictions in the open burning or use of smudge pots were followed.
  • The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and New Jersey Forest Fire Service caution all farmers and agriculture businesses with respect to the use of open burning in high wind velocity conditions. Please take note that farmers are encouraged to utilize smudge pots for warming as necessary during higher wind conditions. Use of open burning when wind velocity is greater than 5 mph is strictly prohibited, may contribute to wildfire risk, and can carry significant penalties.
  • Smudge pots must be fueled only with either kerosene or No. 2 fuel oil.
  • Open burning can consist only of either the following materials: clean and untreated scrap lumber, felled trees, clippings pruned from trees and shrubs, hedgerows, or firewood. Absolutely no refuse, trade waste, tires or garbage of any type may be added to the authorized open burning material.

 The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and New Jersey Forest Fire Service caution all farmers and agriculture businesses with respect to the use of open burning in high wind velocity conditions. Please take note that farmers are encouraged to utilize smudge pots for warming as necessary during higher wind conditions. Use of open burning when wind velocity is greater than 5 mph is strictly prohibited, may contribute to wildfire risk, and can carry significant penalties.

###

The New Jersey Department of Agriculture (NJDA), established in 1916, serves New Jersey’s agricultural community and residents through a wide range of programs across its divisions that ensure the preservation and continuation of the state’s agricultural landscape.  NJDA works to ensure the safety and quality of New Jersey’s food supply, protect animal and plant health, and promote the overall long‑term viability of agriculture. The Department also connects consumers with New Jersey’s farmers and locally grown products while supporting the state’s diverse agricultural industry through initiatives of the Jersey Fresh program.  

For more information about the New Jersey Department of Agriculture, follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/NJDeptofAgriculture and www.facebook.com/JerseyFreshOfficial; on Instagram @njdeptofagriculture; on X/Twitter @NJDA and @JerseyFreshNJDA; and on LinkedIn at New Jersey Department of Agriculture. 

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Filed Under: Blueberry, Cranberry, Fruit, Strawberry, Tree Fruit, Vegetable Crops, Wine Grape Tagged With: , , ,
April 16, 2026

Farm Safety Needs Assessment Closing May 1

The Rutgers Farm Health and Safety Working Group is conducting a survey to evaluate the priority needs of New Jersey farmers for training and resource development related to safety and health.  As a New Jersey farmer, you are invited to complete this survey by Friday, May 1, 2026. Click here to access the survey and learn more.  [Read more…]

Filed Under: Agrivoltaics, Blueberry, Christmas Trees, Commercial Ag Updates, Cranberry, Disease Forecasting, Field, Forage & Livestock, Food Safety, Fruit, Landscape, Nursery, & Turf, Nursery, Organic Production, Strawberry, Tree Fruit, Turf, Vegetable Crops, Wine Grape Tagged With: ,