Plectosporium blight, also known as Microdochium blight or White speck, caused significant problems in some pumpkin fields last summer in New Jersey. The soil-borne fungal pathogen, although somewhat uncommon, can unexpectedly show up in some years and cause significant losses if left uncontrolled. The fungus survives in the soil on decaying plant debris where it can remain saphrophytic by surviving off organic matter. Infection is characterized by the production of numerous light tan to “bleached” spindle shaped lesions that develop on vines and the undersides of infected leaves. Heavily infected vines and leaves can die leading to premature defoliation and subsequent sunscald on fruit. In cases of heavy disease pressure, spores that are produced on the bottom sides of leaves fall and infect the topsides of fruit laying beneath the canopy. Infection of stems leads to premature browning and drying reduce their longevity. Fruit infection, in most cases, remain mostly cosmetic in nature reducing fruit quality and may predispose fruit to other opportunistic fruit rots. Plectosporium blight often shows up during periods of prolonged wet weather where the soil remains wet for extended periods. “Hot spots” typically appear in fields before the pathogen is further spread by driving rains and wind.
From a production standpoint, stay away from fields with known history of the disease for as long as possible; provide adequate spacing between plants in- and between rows (i.e., avoid the overcrowding of plants); avoid over (preplant) fertilization that can lead to thick, dense canopies; avoid overhead irrigation (if possible); avoid planting in area of a field that remains heavily shaded where soils tend to dry too slow.
Controlling Plectosporium blight begins with regular scouting, recognizing symptoms, and identifying “hot spots” in the field. Protectant fungicides, such as chlorothalonil, as well as those used in weekly maintenance spray programs for cucurbit powdery mildew control will help control Plectosporium blight as long they applied on a weekly schedule with a high volume of water with thorough coverage. To help improve control on the undersides of leaves, a FRAC code 11 fungicide such as Quadris Top or Pristine, can be added to the tank mix. Remember, FRAC code 11 fungicides have translaminar activity and will move from the top surface of the leaf to the bottom. Growers who grow powdery mildew resistant varieties need to remember to scout their fields regularly even if cucurbit powdery mildew has not been detected on the farm or if regular maintenance sprays haven’t begun.
White speck lesions covering the surface of immature and mature pumpkin fruit. White speck will only cause cosmetic injury to fruit.
White speck on vine and stem of infected pumpkin plant. Note the numerous small, white diamond shaped lesions.
But the following week of low humidity was less than conducive for disease proliferation until the 22nd through the 25th when humidity levels briefly rose and remained in the high 80’s and 90’s for three days, before dropping nicely to the mid 60’s the last two days of June. However, wind speeds of 15 to 25 mph from June 13th to June 19th wicked moisture out of corn and soybeans leaving the crops in a moisture deficit.
-Jersey. This tool created by the NOAA Physical Science Laboratory is an indicator of both rapidly evolving “flash” droughts and sustained droughts. “EDDI can offer early warning of agricultural drought, hydrologic drought, and fire-weather risk.”
New Jersey anticipates a tenth of an inch to half inch of rainfall for most of Salem County through July 3 and much-needed swath probable for the northern counties where drought conditions the last seven days are 51% to 75% below normal.
