Fruit Crops Edition - Wine Grape Section

Seasonal updates on diseases, insects, weeds impacting small fruit (blueberry, cranberry, and wine grape). Fruit Pest Alerts are also available via this category feed.
 
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Fruit IPM for August 19, 2020

Peach:

Stink Bugs Apples and Peaches: BMSB populations are becoming quite high in several northern locations. These populations have the potential to do serious damage to apples where populations are high. Growers with high BMSB populations should consider weekly insecticide applications and/or supplemental border applications with BMSB effective insecticides. [Read more…]

Fruit IPM for August 12, 2020

Peach:

Stink Bugs Apples and Peaches: BMSB populations are generally low and little changed since last week. However, hatching egg masses are present statewide. Therefore populations can increase in the near future. As the peach season comes to a close, BMSB has the potential to be more of a problem in apples. [Read more…]

Fruit IPM for 8/4/2020

Grapes:

Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD): The spotted wing drosophila is an invasive fruit fly which can infest sound ripe thin-skinned fruit. The SWD female has a saw-like ovipositor which she uses to literally saw through healthy skin and deposit her eggs, which develop into small maggots. At this time of year each generation takes slightly over 1 week to complete. Each female can lay about 300 eggs over her lifetime, and given the time of year it is, we will probably see 3-5 more generations by the time grapes are harvested. Over the past several years we have monitored SWD in vineyards during August through September. A well-known link exists between high populations of native fruit flies and the prevalence of late season sour rot in grapes. What we don’t know is how the prevalence of SWD might be able to aggravate or help increase the late season populations of native fruit flies, or if the total fruit fly complex (native and invasives) is higher because of the presence of SWD. [Read more…]

Statewide Wine Grape Twilight – II (Webex)

Please follow the the link below the program agenda, to attend the Wine Grape Twilight – II meeting, scheduled on August 5 (Wed), 6 pm – 7:30 pm. There is no registration requirement for this meeting.

Growers Questions and Discussions:

  • My vineyard could be developing resistance to Downy Mildew (DM) spray. What should I do as far as the spray program?
  • Can change to complete cane pruning from spur pruning, help in reducing the resistance to DM?
  • Phenology based spray or weather-based spray is more effective, during the early growth?
  • Does high catch-wire canopy result in poor spray penetration into the fruit zone?
  • How to convert leaf petiole test results into fertilizer recommendation?
  • Guidance on getting Ready for the fall pre-emergent herbicide application?
  • Is there anyone in NJ that is collecting grape grower data on Spotted Lantern Fly appearance and pressure?

[Read more…]

Fruit IPM for 7/29/20

Peach:

Stink Bugs Apples and Peaches: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) has been steadily increasing in isolated locations. The highest levels seen are on 2 farms in Gloucester County at 4 per trap and at 2 farms in Morris County at 16 and 18 per trap. The Morris County traps are adjacent to apples, and represent high levels of BMSB. Most, but not all of the pyrethroid  and pyrethroid premixes have good activity for BMSB. See the 2020 NJ Tree Fruit Production Guide for a list of effective materials. Where growers are using OFM mating disruption in peaches, then weekly border sprays for BMSB will help. In apples a 7 day program may be needed as trap captures increase. [Read more…]

Fruit IPM for 7/22/20

Peach:

Stink Bugs Apples and Peaches: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) increasing in spotty locations. BMSB has many alternate hosts, and orchard populations always seem to be ‘local’. In some cases BMSB counts are up to 7-10 per trap in Gloucester County and 19 per trap in Morris County. Most of our traps in northern counties have been placed near apples, and these types of populations can be very problematic.  Most, but not all of the pyrethroid  and pyrethroid premixes have good activity for BMSB. See the 2020 NJ Tree Fruit Production Guide for a list of effective materials. Where growers are using OFM mating disruption in peaches, then weekly border sprays for BMSB will help. In apples a 7 day program may be needed as trap captures increase.

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM): We are at the treatment timing for the third generation, but populations are so low that most growers can either stretch their insecticide timings or target other pests such as BMSB if stinkbugs are present.

OFM 3rd Generation Degree Day (DD) Timing
      Insecticide Type
County/Region Biofix DD by 7/21 base 45 Conventional

2100-2200, 2450-2500

Diamide

2025-2150, 2375-2450

Gloucester –Southern 4/3 2207 1st – 7/19-21

2nd – 7/30-8/1

1st – 7/17-19

2nd – 7/28-30

Hunterdon – Northern 4/9 1896 1st – 7/27-30

2nd – too far out

1st – 7/25-27

2nd – too far out

 

Apple:

Spotted Lanternfly (SLF): SLF nymphs are present in several orchards in northern Hunterdon and Warren Counties, but not yet seen directly on the trees; rather in sticky traps placed for BMSB. There are no treatment thresholds for either nymphs or adults on peaches or apples. Any insecticides used for BMSB should also kill SLF nymphs and adults, although it is unknown at this point, if these are going to be problematic in apples. High populations of adults just prior to harvest, may secrete enough honeydew to cause a sooty mold on fair to light skinned varieties.

Codling Moth (CM): Trap captures are very low statewide. However, control of the first generation has been problematic, with infested fruit present in a number of orchards. Growers should pay close attention to their CM trap captures. When male moths start to be captured, and especially when over 5 moths per trap, then insecticides need to be applied.  We expect to see the second generation flight very soon.

Rots : Various rots, mostly bitter rot are appearing in a number of orchards. Special attention should be given to susceptible varieties like Honeycrisp and Empire where bitterroot has been a problem in previous years. Bitter rot infections will continue during wetting periods for the rest of the summer.  The QoIl premixes Merivon and Pristine are good rot materials with Merivon being the better of the two. Luna Sensation and Luna Tranquility are also rated as effective. Alternate with a Captan/Prophyt mix or Captan/Topsin. Topsin has some efficacy for white and black rots but is not effective against bitter rot.

Grapes:

Disease control has been very good so far in the vineyards we are scouting. We have seen some sunburn which can be confused with diseases. Low levels of downy mildew have been noted. In vineyards with Phomopsis present on leaves some fruit rot is appearing. Fruit symptoms are hard brown berries that eventually develop black fruiting bodies on the skin.

Grape Berry Moth: The next timing for GBM will be on or about 7/28 if using Altacor or Intrepid in southern counties. Growers using other insecticides can wait a few days longer.

Scouting Calendar Tree Fruit Southern Counties

The following table is intended as an aid for orchard scouting. It should not be used to time pesticide applications. Median dates for pest events and crop phenology are displayed. These dates are compiled from observations made since 1995 in Gloucester County. Events in northern New Jersey should occur 7-10 days later.

 

Pest Event or Growth Stage Approximate Date 2020 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven) March 23 +/- 15 Days March 9
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious March 31 +/- 13 Days March 18
Pink Peach (Redhaven) April 4 +/- 15 Days March 18
Tight Cluster Red Delicious April 9 +/- 13 Days March 29
Oriental Fruit Moth Biofix April 9 +/- 13 Days April 3
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven) April 9 +/- 14 Days March 29
Pink Apple (Red Delicious) April 14 +/- 12 Days March 12
Codling Moth Biofix April 27 +/- 13 Days May 4
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) April 22 +/- 11 Days April 25
Petal Fall (Redhaven) April 22 +/- 10 Days April 14
Petal Fall (Red Delicious) April 27 +/- 14 Days May 4
Shuck Split (Redhaven) April 30+/- 11 Days May 1
Tufted Apple Bud Moth Biofix May 4 +/- 10 Days May 6
Pit Hardening Peach June 16 +/- 8 Days June 16

 

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

Week ending STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/11 1       7   0      
4/18 0 0 0   36   2      
4/25 1 0 0   12   0 0    
5/2 1 0 0   24   1 0 0  
5/9 2 1 0   26   2 1 12  
5/16 7 4 0   0 0 1 0 2  
5/23 2 5 1   1 0 0 6 3  
5/30 0 3 0   0 3 0 4 3  
6/6 2 7 0   0 14 0 9 13  
6/13 0 5 0   0 12 0 6 2 0
6/20 0 3 0   0 12 0 2 0 0
6/27 1 0 0   0 1 0 0 1 2
7/4 1 0 0   0 1 0 0 0 2
7/11 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
7/18 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 1

 

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties

Weekending STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OBLR OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
4/11         0     0.7      
4/18 0   0   0.5     1.0      
4/25 2   0   0.7     0.7      
5/2 5   0   1.8     1.2      
5/9 5 0.2 0.3   36.7     10.1 0    
5/16 17 0.2 0.4   19.2 0   2.7 1 1.8 0
5/23 18 5.7 2.1   36 1   6.3 10.3 1.5 0
5/30 5 7.2 1.9   57 1   2.6 6.7 9.1 0
6/6 4 15.8 4.1   25.8 0   4.6 18 13 0.3
6/13 15 17.4 4.3   8 1.3 9.5 3.4 20.6 21.8 0
6/20 16 33.8 4.8   9.8 0 9 1.2 34.1 8.3 0
6/27 20 10.9 1.6 1.2 9.8 0.2 0.5 1.5 12.7 5.8 0.3
7/4 18 5.8 0.7 2.5 9.4 0 0 1.5 9.3 3.8 2.5
7/11 14 1.7 0.3 1.9 14.3 0 0 2.4 4.3 5.1 1.5
7/18 11 0.5 1.5 2.0 3.4 0.5 1 2.5 1.5 1.4 3.8

 

Blueberry:

Tailing Down…But Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) is still the main pest of concern. Bluecrop is being machine picked and Elliott has started full swing. Late season varieties still must be protected since SWD continues to build higher populations.

Aphids: Aphid populations have decreased to an average of 2.5% of terminals infested with a high of 25% last week. However with the heat wave, actual numbers as of this writing are even less.  While we originally thought we might need some post-harvest applications to control this pest, the recent heat is cooking them in the fields. The combination of aphids not being able to take the heat, and the plant tissue starting to harden off will take care of this pest for the remainder of the season.

Putnam Scale: Scale infested fruit is very low at .02% infested fruit. Growers who have had any of this first generation damage should be prepared to treat those fields when second generation crawlers become active in 2-3 weeks.

By the Numbers:

% Injured Fruit
Week Ending % LEPS Injured Fruit % PC Injury Fruit % Scale % CBFW
  Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max
5/11 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3        
5/18 0.06 0.8 0.13 1.4        
5/25 0.122 1.1 0.43 3.8        
5/30 0.17 1.4 0.70 5.6        
6/6 0.122 1.1 0.43 3.8        
6/13 0.01 0.4 0.001 0.4 0.005 0.1    
6/19 0.003 0.2 0 0 0.02 0.5    
6/27 0.001 0.3 0.001 0.2 0.03 0.6 0.005 0.1
7/4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.5 0.0005 0.1
7/11 0.005 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.5 0.0 0.0
7/18 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.4 0 0

 

Trap Counts
Week Ending CBFW-

AC

CBFW-BC SWD-

AC

SWD-

BC

OB-BC OB-AC
  Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max
5/11 0.1 1 0 0                
5/18 0 0 0 0                
5/25 0.1 1 0.25 1 0.8 7 0 0        
5/30 0 0 0.25 1 .75 5 .55 1        
6/6 5.5 34 0.75 3 2 8 2.1 5        
6/13 5.6 22 3.5 8 4 14 7.7 20 3.2 11 18 340
6/19 7.2 48 6.5 18 4.64 30 4.9 16 71.75 675 21.4 68
6/27 0 0 3.5 8 2.8 12 4.3 25 1834 13750 462 2025
7/4 0.22 1 1 3 4.17 16 11.3 46 2421 8775 976 5062
7/11 0.11 1 0.25 1 5.8 27 6.6 22 1093 5000 1997 6075
7/18 0.11 1 0.5 2 5.3 19 4.6 14 769 5000 1575 6750
 
Week Ending SNLH – AC SNLH-BC BBM-AC BBM-BC    
  Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max
6/27 0.14 3 0.8 4 0 0 0 0        
7/4 0.08 1 0.8 5 0.009 1 0 0        
7/11 0.12 1 1.82 6 0 0 0 0        
7/18 0.11 2 1.16 5 0 0 0 0        
Key: PC=plum curculio, Scale=Putnam scale, CBFW=cranberry fruitworm, SWD=spotted wing drosophila, OB=oriental beetle, SNLH-sharpnosed leafhopper, BBM=blueberry maggot, BC=Burlington County, AC=Atlantic County