Fruit — Page 68 — Plant & Pest Advisory

Fruit Crops Edition

Seasonal updates on diseases, insects, weeds impacting tree fruit and small fruit (blueberry, cranberry, and wine grape). Fruit Pest Alerts are also available via this category feed.

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June 8, 2022 Dave Schmitt

Tree Fruit IPM Report for June 8, 2022

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Bacterial spot fruit symptoms are increasing statewide. The first infections occurred during the mothers day storm. So far levels of fruit infection are very low however we still have not yet seen the development of symptoms from recent rain events. Leaf symptoms appear after 1 week and fruit symptoms take 3 weeks to appear. Growers should continue to manage aggressively to suppress infections. Fruit will become less susceptible to infection at pit hardening which is occurring now.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/11 in southern counties, and on 4/14 in northern counties. The second generation timings are updated below.


		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by 6/8 base 45	Conventional 1150-1200 1450-1500	Diamide 1075-1150 1375-1450
Gloucester – Southern	796	1^st –6/14-6/16 2^nd –too far off	1^st –6/12-6/15 2^nd –too far off
Middlesex – Northern	882	1^st –6/19-6/21 2^nd –too far off	1^st –6/18-6/21 2^nd –too far off

Plum Curculio; Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Plum Curculio start to move into orchards at about 88-100 degree days base 50 after January 1. Applications for PC should be initiated once all petals are off, with a second application made with ovicidal materials at 379-402 DD. Growers can monitor degree day development at their site by finding the nearest weather station and using the degree day development tool at NEWA. PC activity should be past peak and decreasing except in high pressure orchards. Catfacing insect activity is increasing with the arrival of hot weather and are present at moderate to high levels in some orchards.

Lesser Peach Tree Borer and Peach Tree Borer: Lesser Borer adults are flying in all growing regions. Greater Peach tree borers are now flying in southern counties.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Fire blight and Scab are present at low levels in a few orchards. Fire Blight should be cut out using the ugly stub method. Summer scab, rots and sooty blotch and fly speck are the main targets at this stage. Where scab is present rely primarily on protectant fungicides. Last year Captan plus a phosphite like Prophyt was observed to slow scab development as well as provide good summer disease control.

Codling Moth (CM): The first codling moth flight has started. A biofix was set for CM on April 25^th in southern counties, and May 6 in Northern counties (Middlesex County). No biofix has yet been set for northern counties. Timings are updated below.

	Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
		Application and Insecticide Type
County Area	Biofix	Rimon: 75-100DD + 14-17 days later		Intrepid 150 + 450 DD Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later		Cyd-X, Madex 250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)	Standard Insecticides – Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids 250 DD + 550 DD
DD		75	100	150	450	250	250	550
Southern	April 25	past	past	past	past	past	past	past
Northern	May 6	past	past	past	past	past	past	6/9

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): A biofix was set statewide on May 6. The first alternate middle applications for TABM will be on or about June 1 in all counties. This has been considered a minor pest in recent years. With the exception of Assail and and granulosis virus formulations (e.g. Madex), most materials used for Codling Moth will control TABM.

Grapes:

Diseases: Grape diseases active at this growth stage are phomopsis, powdery mildew, downy mildew, and black rot.

Phomopsis on grape leaves and cane. (Photo – D. Schmitt)

Black rot leaf lesion on grape (Photo – D. Schmitt)

Phomopsis symptoms are present in southern counties. Black rot symtpoms have not yet been observed but should appear any time now. Disease infection periods can be monitored using the NEWA models. Choose the weather station closest to your vineyard.

Insects: Leafhoppers have been seen in a few spots. This complex is generally not of concern. Potato leafhoppers, which arrive sometime in June, can cause some minor damage. Spotted Lantern Fly nymphs are present in high numbers on many vineyards. These nymphs do little damage and generally don’t need special treatments when present. Even so, vineyards should be monitored for SLF presence and if they are found use an insecticide effective for SLF when treating for Grape Berry Moth in late June.

Grape Berry Moth (GBM): The biofix in southern counties for GBM was 5/25. Model timing will predict IGR and diamide materials for the second generation. The first generation is not really important in cultivated grapes, but is starting now in wild grapes, with some adults starting to come into vineyards. Timing for the second generation treatments using Diamides or Intrepid is set at 810 degree days base 47⁰F. Other materials may be applied a few days later. Given the current weather patterns, this should be about the last week of June in southern counties.

Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

Weekending	STLM	TABM-A	CM	AM	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/9/2022	2				0		0
4/16/2022	0				2		3
4/23/2022	11	0	0		28		5	0	0
4/30/2022	5	0	1		31		4	0	0
5/7/2022	5	1	3		50		4	0	0
5/14/2022	8	5	3		19		2	0	0
5/21/2022	3	5	5		20		2	7	3
5/28/2022	0	19	3		13		0	11	36
6/4/2022	0	10	3		5		1	13	49	0

Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties

Weekending	STLM	TABM-A	CM	AM	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/9/2022
4/16/2022		0	0				1
4/23/2022		0	0				2	0
4/30/2022		0	0				2.5	0
5/7/2022		0	1				4	0
5/14/2022		1	2			0	5	0.5	0	0
5/21/2022	6	8	4		27	2	5	6	5	0
5/28/2022	34	19	3		6	13	1	23	15	0
6/4/2022	17	21	4		4	11	1	27	17	0

Pest Event or Growth Stage	Approximate Date	2022 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven)	March 23 +/- 15 Days	March 20
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious	March 31 +/- 13 Days	March 21
Pink Peach (Redhaven)	April 4 +/- 15 Days	March 31
Tight Cluster Red Delicious	April 9 +/- 13 Days	March 31
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)	April 9 +/- 14 Days	April 10
Pink Apple (Red Delicious)	April 14 +/- 12 Days	April 14
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)	April 22 +/- 11 Days	April 21
Petal Fall (Redhaven)	April 22 +/- 10 Days	April 14
Petal Fall (Red Delicious)	April 27 +/- 13 Days	May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven)	April 30 +/- 11 Days	April 26
Pit Hardening	June 15 +/- 9 Days	June 10

Filed Under: Tree Fruit, Wine Grape Tagged With: apple, Apple Disease, Apple Insect, IPM, peach, Peach Disease, Peach Insect, wine grape, wine grape disease, wine grape insect, wine grape pest management

June 8, 2022 Cesar Rodriguez-Saona

Status of Fanfare in Cranberries

The information from this article was kindly shared by Lindsay Wells-Hansen (Sr. Agricultural Scientist, Ocean Spray).

As many of you might be aware by now, there are several formulations of the newly registered product Fanfare (bifenthrin) for which we have supplemental labels for use in cranberry. However, there has been a bit of confusion surrounding which of these products are actually registered for use in the state of NJ.

Currently, FANFARE ES (EPA Registration # 066222-0099) IS registered for use in NJ. The supplemental label can be found here (https://www.cdms.net/ldat/ldB3C000.pdf) and is valid until 12/21/2024. Unfortunately, this formulation seems to be difficult to obtain from distributors at this time.

Fanfare 2EC (EPA Registration # 066222-0236) and Fanfare EC (EPA Registration # 066222-0261) are NOT registered for use in NJ at this time despite the fact that there are supplemental labels for cranberry for these products and it sounds like some local distributors are carrying the 2EC formulation of this product. Unfortunately, the 2EC and EC formulations CANNOT be used in NJ in 2022. The manufacturer is working on getting all formulations registered in NJ, so hopefully we’ll have more options available for use in the future.

I hope this helps to clear up some confusion surrounding bifenthrin products.

Filed Under: Cranberry, Fruit

June 7, 2022 Megan Muehlbauer

North and South Jersey Wine Grape Twilight – II Meetings (Next Week)

The focus of these meetings will be on equipment demonstrations specifically with regard to canopy management such as leaf pulling and hedging. There will also be discussion on timely updates on pest management. Please feel free to bring samples for disease and pest identification.

North Jersey Twilight – II: Beneduce Vineyards (1 Jeremiah Ln, Pittstown, NJ 08867)

June 13^th (Monday)

4:00 – 6:00 PM

RSVP: Please call or E-mail to Kim Crommelin at 908-788-1338 or kfrey@co.hunterdon.nj.us

South Jersey Twilight – II: Bellview Winery (150 Atlantic St, Landisville, NJ 08326)

June 14^th (Tuesday)

4:00 – 6:00 PM

RSVP: Please call or E-mail to Joan Medany at 856- 224- 8030 or jmedany@co.gloucester.nj.us

Light fare will be provided. However, please RSVP using above contact information.

If any additional assistance is needed, please contact Megan Muehlbauer muehlbauer@njaes.rutgers.edu (North Jersey) or Hemant Gohil gohil@njaes.rutgers.edu (South Jersey) prior to the meeting.

Filed Under: Fruit, Wine Grape

June 1, 2022 Meredith Melendez

Farms and the New Jersey Cottage Food Law – Q&A

New Jersey farms may be interested in adding Cottage Food products to their product line at their farm stands and markets. The Cottage Food Law is very specific about the types of products it covers, the total sales value of the Cottage Food products, and the production location of these products. Municipalities must be consulted prior to a permit application submittal, and we know of some instances where local ordinances and zoning have prohibited Cottage Food activities. Answers to some common questions are below.

What type of business can operate under the NJ Cottage Food Law?
Businesses who choose to produce products allowed under the law (see below), using a home kitchen, and who sell less than $50,000 of cottage food law covered products must comply with the provisions of the Cottage Food Law. The law allows production of the products listed below only in home kitchens. No other facilities may be used for the production of these Cottage Food items.

What are the food items covered by the NJ Cottage Food Law?
Baked goods that do not require refrigeration.
Candies
Chocolate covered nuts and fruits
Dried fruit
Dried herbs and seasonings, and mixes
Dried pasta
Dry baking mix
Fruit jams, fruit jellies, and fruit preserves
Fruit pies, fruit empanadas, fruit tamales (not pumpkin)
Fudge
Granola, cereal, and trail mix
Sweet sorghum syrup
Nuts and nut mixtures
Nut butters
Popcorn and caramel corn
[Read more…]

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Food Safety, Fruit, Vegetable Crops

June 1, 2022 Dave Schmitt

Tree Fruit IPM Report for June 1, 2022

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Bacterial spot fruit symptoms started to appear last week statewide. These infections occurred during the mothers day storm. So far levels of fruit infection are very low however we have not yet seen the development of symptoms from recent rain events. Leaf symptoms appear after 1 week and fruit symptoms take 3 weeks to appear. Growers should continue to manage aggressively to suppress infection events. Fruit will become less susceptible to infection at pit hardening which should occur around the middle of June.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/11 in southern counties, and on 4/14 in northern counties. The first generation timings are updated below.


		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by 6/1 base 45	Conventional 1150-1200 1450-1500	Diamide 1075-1150 1375-1450
Gloucester – Southern	796	1^st –6/11-6/13 2^nd –too far off	1^st –6/8-6/11 2^nd –too far off
Middlesex – Northern	718	1^st –6/10-6/12 2^nd –too far off	1^st –6/7-6/10 2^nd –too far off

Plum Curculio; Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Plum Curculio start to move into orchards at about 88-100 degree days base 50 after January 1. Applications for PC should be initiated once all petals are off, with a second application made with ovicidal materials at 379-402 DD. Growers can monitor degree day development at their site by finding the nearest weather station and using the degree day development tool at NEWA. PC activity should be past peak and decreasing excpet in high pressure orchards. Catfacing insect activity is increasing with the arrival of hot weather and are present at moderate to high levels in some orchards.

Scale Insects: White peach scale (WPS) crawlersshould be past peak emergence in southern counties. San Jose scale (SJS) crawlers began emergence last week and will continue until the first week of July. If you have scale infestations on your trees, it is important to note if crawlers are present, even if you treated with oil in the early spring. If crawlers are present then treatment options include Esteem, Movento, Centaur, Venerate, and Diazinon. Esteem, Centaur, Venerate and Movento should be applied at the beginning of crawler emergence. Movento requires a penetrant as per the label. Venerate should be be applied at the low rate of 1 qt/A and may need more than one application. Diazinon is labeled for only one post bloom or foliar application on stone fruit (Rec = max. of 2 lb/acre of the 50W). The apple label allows up to 2 foliar applications per year as long as a prebloom application was not made. Foliar applications may cause russet on apples, but has worked in the field for scale crawlers as long as applications are made 1-2 weeks after the start of crawler emergence and again 2 weeks later. Belay and Assail are also effective against scale crawlers but may need more than one application during the emergence which typically lasts about 4 weeks for WPS and 6 weeks for SJS.

Lesser Peach Tree Borer and Peach Tree Borer: Lesser Borer adults are flying in all growing regions. Greater Peach tree borers are not being caught in traps yet. If you haven’t placed mating disruption dispensers yet there is still time to get them out before the greater peach tree borer flight which usually begins in June.

Apples and Pears:

	Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
		Application and Insecticide Type
County Area	Biofix	Rimon: 75-100DD + 14-17 days later		Intrepid 150 + 450 DD Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD) + 14-21 days later		Cyd-X, Madex 250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)	Standard Insecticides – Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids 250 DD + 550 DD
DD		75	100	150	450	250	250	550
Southern	April 25	5/7	5/12	5/15	5/31	5/21	5/21	6/4
Northern	May 6	5/14	5/16	5/19	6/3	5/24	5/24	6/8

Grapes: Bloom is the critical time to protect against cluster infections from Downy and Powdery Mildew; Black rot; Botrytis; and ripe rot. Dr. Nita at Virginia Tech has a comprehensive summary of fungicide choices for bloom. Growers should also monitor wild grape bloom near thier vineyard and record the date the first wild grape bloom occurs. This is important for grape berry moth management using the NEWA Grape Berry Moth tool. Wild grape trace bloom was observed on May 25 in Gloucester County.

Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

Weekending	STLM	TABM-A	CM	AM	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/9/2022	2				0		0
4/16/2022	0				2		3
4/23/2022	11	0	0		28		5	0	0
4/30/2022	5	0	1		31		4	0	0
5/7/2022	5	1	3		50		4	0	0
5/14/2022	8	5	3		19		2	0	0
5/21/2022	3	5	5		20		2	7	3
5/28/2022	0	19	3		13		0	11	36

Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties

Weekending	STLM	TABM-A	CM	AM	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/9/2022
4/16/2022		0	0				1
4/23/2022		0	0				2	0
4/30/2022		0	0				2.5	0
5/7/2022		0	1				4	0
5/14/2022		1	2			0	5	0.5	0	0
5/21/2022	6	8	4		27	2	5	6	5	0
5/28/2022	34	19	3		6	13	1	23	15	0

Pest Event or Growth Stage	Approximate Date	2022 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven)	March 23 +/- 15 Days	March 20
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious	March 31 +/- 13 Days	March 21
Pink Peach (Redhaven)	April 4 +/- 15 Days	March 31
Tight Cluster Red Delicious	April 9 +/- 13 Days	March 31
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)	April 9 +/- 14 Days	April 10
Pink Apple (Red Delicious)	April 14 +/- 12 Days	April 14
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)	April 22 +/- 11 Days	April 21
Petal Fall (Redhaven)	April 22 +/- 10 Days	April 14
Petal Fall (Red Delicious)	April 27 +/- 13 Days	May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven)	April 30 +/- 11 Days	April 26
Pit Hardening	June 15 +/- 9 Days

May 28, 2022 Cesar Rodriguez-Saona

Recommendations for Blunt-nosed Leafhopper Management in Cranberries

Blunt-nosed leafhoppers (BNLH) continue to be an increasing threat to cranberries in NJ. BNLH has one generation a year. It overwinters as eggs, which begin to hatch in early May. The nymphs (Picture 1) will go through five instars in about a month. The adults begin to appear by the end of June and are most abundant in mid-July. Numbers of this species start to diminish by the end of July. The adults have a characteristic blunt head and vary from light yellowish-gray to dark brown. Eggs are laid in June-July. Nymphs and adults get their food by sucking the plant juices of the cranberry vines with their piercing-sucking mouthparts. This direct injury is, however, not noticeable. They are most important as vectors of false blossom disease. Infected uprights produce sterile flowers (do not produce berries). Branching is stimulated in infected plants resulting in a witches’ broom. Foliage on infected plants might redden prematurely and fall.

Picture 1. Blunt-nosed leafhopper nymph. Photo by Elvira de Lange.

Here are some guidelines to consider when managing BNLH in cranberries:

The most important point in BNLH control is locating the sites of infestation. Monitoring for this insect is accomplished best with an insect sweep net. Nymphs should be monitored before bloom using sweep nets (this time of year). Nymphs before bloom are small; thus, ideally, you may need to freeze the samples (to kill them), and then count the number of nymphs under a microscope or using a magnifying lens.
To monitor, perform sweep sets of 25 sweeps each. The recommended number of sweep sets is: 1 per 1–10 acres, at least 10 sweep sets per 10–20 acres, and 1 sweep set per 2 acres for more than 20 acres.
A challenge for managing BNLH is the fact that they vector a phytoplasma that causes false blossom disease. For this reason, it is difficult to establish economic thresholds for this pest because we do not know the proportion of individuals that are infected in the population. Moreover, this proportion can vary depending on the variety. For instance, we have observed higher incidence of infection in the newer varieties even when populations of leafhoppers are low.
Although this needs to be tested, based on experience, I came up with the following tentative treatment thresholds:

– An average of 20 nymphs per sweep set if it is a new variety bed, bed with young plantings, and/or a bed that has a recent history of false blossom.

– An average of 40 nymphs per sweep set if it is an older bed and older variety with no previous history of false blossom.

If BNLH populations are increasing compared to previous years and the beds have not been treated for BNLH for 2-3 years, growers should consider treatment.
If growers have treated for BNLH in the previous year and populations are low (average of less than 10-20 BNLH per sweep set), there is no need to treat again. Keep a record of the BNLH numbers and check those same beds again the following year to see if the numbers have increased.
In most cases, there is no need to apply broad-spectrum insecticides (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids) to control BNLH for two or more consecutive years. These insecticides will disrupt the biological control of other pests such as Sparganothis fruitworm and therefore cause increases in insecticide use.
If treatment is necessary, we have a few options to manage BNLH. The best timing for insecticide treatment is before bloom to target the young nymphs, i.e., at this time of the year. We recommend the use of organophosphates such as Diazinon (diazinon) and Orthene (acephate), carbamates like Sevin (carbaryl), and pyrethroids like Fanfare (bifenthrin) and Danitol (fenpropathrin). Although not proven scientifically, there are claims that Orthene and Sevin can reduce pollinator activity by repelling bees. The neonicotinoids Assail (acetamiprid) and Actara (thiamethoxam) also work well against nymphs, but we do not recommend the use of neonicotinoids before bloom due to potential negative effects on bees; neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides that can accumulate in the pollen and nectar. Closer (sulfoxaflor) is a new registered insecticide in cranberries with a similar mode of action as the neonicotinoids but that belongs to a different class of insecticides. We have tested Closer in small plot trials at the P.E. Marucci Center and shown that it is effective against BNLH nymphs; however, more data are needed to confirm its efficacy at larger scales in commercial farms.

Filed Under: Cranberry, Fruit

Fruit Crops Edition

Tree Fruit IPM Report for June 8, 2022

Status of Fanfare in Cranberries

North and South Jersey Wine Grape Twilight – II Meetings (Next Week)

North and South Jersey Wine Grape Twilight – II Meetings (Next Week)

North Jersey Twilight – II: Beneduce Vineyards (1 Jeremiah Ln, Pittstown, NJ 08867)

South Jersey Twilight – II: Bellview Winery (150 Atlantic St, Landisville, NJ 08326)

Farms and the New Jersey Cottage Food Law – Q&A

Tree Fruit IPM Report for June 1, 2022

Recommendations for Blunt-nosed Leafhopper Management in Cranberries

NJ Weekly Apple Maturity Review

Dr. Tree Fruit and Don: A Podcast from Penn State Extension

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