Peach:

Borers:  Where mating disruption dispensers are used there should be no need for butt sprays. If mating disruption was not used, the only other options are pyrethroids with a label for the use. The New Jersey Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide recommends either Asana or Pounce. Pyrethroids lack a long residual so our recommendation would be a late August/early September butt spray followed by an additional application in mid to late September. Since this would be a labor intensive practice it would be most efficient to give priority younger and most productive orchards. Remember to follow the label as to the maximum allowable amount per season of either material.

Apples and Pears

Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs: Brown Marmorated Stink bugs are nearly absent in orchards statewide, likewise native stinkbug populations have been very low. If stinkbugs are a concern for your orchard, see the NJ Tree Fruit Production guide for effective materials. If treatment is needed for orchards near harvest. Venerate has a +++ rating for stink bugs and a 0 day PHI. In tests conducted by Dr. Neilsen’s lab, Venerate always performed better when applied at half the highest labeled rate.

Codling Moth (CM): Second generation treatments according to the degree day model are now over. Additional treatments should be made if trap captures are over 5 moths/trap. Most orchards have very low CM pressure, however a few orchards have had continuing trap captures above threshold.

Summer Diseases: Disease control is over for early season apple varieties. Mid to late season varieties will need further applications on a two week schedule until mid september for sooty blotch and fly speck.

Lesser Appleworm: In 2022 some orchards in southern counties have had internal worm damage that we think was Lesser Apple Worm. This sporadic pest sometimes shows up in late summer and fall. The damage is similar to codling moth. Larvae complete their life cycle quickly and often by the time damage is seen the larvae is already gone. Typically LAW will feed in the fruit calyx and not go into the flesh, however they may also feed on fruit flesh excavating a small hole under the skin and occasionally tunneling into the fruit. Control options are the same as for codling moth. LAW can be monitored using traps baited with OFM pheromone.

Grape

Bunch Rots: Disease management continues to focus on downy and powdery mildew and also turns to bunch rot management. Refer to the NJ Commercial Grape Production Guide as well as the linked presentation from Dr. Nita in Virginia.

Grape Berry Moth: The timing for the third generation is past. In some hot summers a fourth generation may occur, however no further treatments should be needed, especially where insecticides are being applied for SLF and SWD.

Drosophila’s and Sour Rot: SWD adults are being caught in and around commercial vineyards. As the sugars start to increase in early verities like Chardonnay, be aware of Spotted Wing Drosophila combined with native fruit fly species. These populations increase at this time of year and help spread sour rot. Sour rot will only be pres ent when you also have injured fruit. Fruit splits and various insects can help cause that initial injury. It is thought that the spotted wing drosophila (SWD), because of its saw-like ovipositor, can help cause this initial injury, helping to make the fruit more attractive to native drosophilid species.  After injury the fruit serves as a food source for ethanol-producing yeasts and acetic acid producing bacteria, the causal agents of sour rot. This in turn attracts more fruit flies to lay more eggs and spread the decay. Good canopy management for air circulation is useful to reduce sour rot incidence. However, this must be combined with insecticides and antimicrobials. A treatment regime that consists of weekly applications of an insecticide (Mustang Maxx (or other pyrethroid), Malathion, Delegate/Entrust, Verdepryn).  Add Oxidate 2.0 if fruit cracking from rain or other causes is observed. Since it is important to rotate insecticide classes when treating this often, growers should use no pyrethroid or other insecticide class more that 2 times in a row. These treatments should be started before the onset of visible sour rot and fruit fly presence.

Spotted Lantern Fly: Spotted lantern fly adults are not yet appearing in vineyards, however they should be soon. When the first adults are observed, border treatments with effective materials should be adequate since most adults will be found on vineyard edges and populations will be low. As we move into September adult migration will increase and at that point growers should apply materials with long residual efficacy (refer to the table from Penn State below.) More information on biology and control can be found from Penn State.

Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  All timings for first generation OFM have past. Third generation timings are updated below:

OFM 2nd Generation Timing
		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by  6/30 base 45	Conventional 2100-2200 2350-2450	Diamide 2025-2150 2375-2450
Gloucester – Southern	1742	1st –about 7/17 2nd –about 7/25	1st –about 7/16 2nd –about 7/23
Middlesex – Northern	1719	1st – about 7/22 2nd – about 7/29	1st – about 7/19 2nd – about 7/30

 

Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Catfacing insects are active, and activity is increasing with dry weather and summer temperatures. Very little recent fruit feeding has been observed.

Thrips: Flower Thrips have caused slight damage on highly colored ripening fruit, especially in poorly managed ground covers that contain clover or other flowering weeds. The current weather pattern has turned to unfavorable for thrips but they still may cause some damage. Thrips damage appears as “silvering” and usually appears on fruit close to harvest. If populations are high damage can be extensive. Presence of thrips may be scouted for using a beating tray to detect the presence of adults and nymphs in the tree. Flowering weeeds and shrubs on orchard edges may also be scouted by shaking flowers onto a beating tray or a sheet of paper. Delegate or Entrust at the highest labeled rate are the usual recommended materials for thrips in stone fruit. Lannate may be effective in some orchards but has not worked well in recent years. These materials all have short PHI’s and may be applied close to harvest when damage typically appears. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information. Thrips continue to damage highly colored ripening fruit near harvest.

Japanese Beetle: Japanese beetles have been observed feeding on fruit in southern counties. Adults are attracted to ripening fruit. June bugs also do similar damage. Insecticides that are effective against Japanese beetles and june bugs are products that contain imidacloprid (admire pro and leverage 360); danitol; and sevin.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Now that primary scab has ended, the focus turns toward summer diseases such as fruit rots (esp. Bitter rot), and sooty blotch and fly speck. Bitter rot control has been difficult at best in recent years even where management programs have been rigorous. Research has suggested products such as Merivon, Luna Sensation and Inspire Super may be effective, and longtime reliable broad spectrum fungicides such as captan and ziram should provide control. Experience has suggested that the addition of phosphorous acid products such as Prophyt or Rampart to captan sprays may improve control. Observations are that these products improve control of other summer diseases such as sooty blotch and flyspeck, and may help suppress scab infections where present. Bitter Rot symptoms are now appearing in southern counties.

Codling Moth (CM): The first generation codling moth timings have ended. Trap captures continue and decreased in most southern county orchards this week. A biofix was set for CM on April 17^th in both northern and southern counties. Second generation timings are updated below. Rimon is not recommended for this and later generations.

	Codling Moth Degree Day Timing – Second Generation
		Application and Insecticide Type
County Area	Biofix	Rimon: 75-100DD + 14-17 days later		Intrepid 1150 + 1450 DD Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)		Madex 1250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)	Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids 1250 DD + 1550 DD
DD				1150	1450	1250	1250	1550
Southern	April 17	past	past	past	7/18	7/12	7/12	7/21
Northern	April 17	past	past	past	7/19	7/13	7/13	7/22

 

Pear: Pear Psylla are still actively laying eggs and nymphs continue to hatch. Options for control include spynosyn products such as Delegate and Entrust, and the neocitinoids (IRAC group 4A). The addition of 0.25-1 gal of summer oil may improve control. Other options include Movento, the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur, and products containing abamectin. Be sure to read and follow the label instructions regarding the addition of penetrants for abamectin products.

Grape: Early blooming native grapes were at 50% bloom on 5/24, therefore we have set the the Grape Berry Moth biofix at 5/24 for southern counties. Typically we would use the bloom date for V. riparia to set the biofix date, however the usual locations we have used in the past did not have viable vines to look at, and it is difficult to scout new locations for V. riparia this year. Since V. riparia typically blooms with early natives we used Concord and Ives to set the biofix. The model works best when growers record their own bloom dates and use the Grape Berry Moth model at NEWA. Applications for GBM using Intrepid or Diamides should be made at 810 DD base 47 (occurred on July 2). Other effective materials can be applied a few days later. The next timing for GBM using Intrepid or Altacor will be at 1620 DD Base 45. This should occur about the end of July. Second generation GBM hatch has started in southern counties.

Japanese Beetle: Japanese beetles have emerged in southern counties. Adults are attracted to leaves and tender shoots. Insecticides that are effective against Japanese beetles are products that contain imidacloprid (admire pro, macho, leverage 360); danitol; and sevin.

Powdery Mildew (PM):  PM symptoms began appearing on berries and rachises around the end of June in several vineyards. Options for eradication or suppression of established infections are limited. Sulfur, Oxidate, potassium bicarbonate products, and mineral oils are most often recommended. Note that sulfur should be used with care and avoided on sulfur sensitive varieties. Sulfur and Captan should never be combined with or used within 2 weeks of oil applications.

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/15/2023	433				20		1
4/23/2023	423		1		13		8	4
4/30/2023	417		7		15		4	1	0
5/06/2023	9		2		3		1	0	0
5/13/2023	18	2	7		2	3	0	6	6
5/20/2023	5	18	6		0	51	0	13	67
5/27/2023	1	11	4		0	17	0	11	49
6/03/23	3	8	2		1	24	0	13	65
6/10/2023	21	14	5		0	55	0	6	54	0
6/17/2023	10	11	5		0	57	0	8	46	4
6/24/2023	15	5	2		0	57	0	6	47	2
7/1/2023	342	3	0		0	69	0	3	37	6
7/8/2023	463	0	0		0	26	0	0	35	6

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/8/2023	10
4/15/2023	20						3
4/30/2023	28		11						6
5/06/2023	22		2				19		9
5/13/2023	34	1	3		2		5		0
5/20/2023	31	6	7		1		6		0
5/27/23	16	18	4		1	17	3		11
6/03/23	12	26	2		0	17	2		12
6/10/2023	21	14	5		0	55	0		54
6/17/2023	63	53	2		1	15	1		6
6/24/2023	134	52	3	1	0	11	3		8
7/1/2023

Phenology Table: Based on annual observations made in Gloucester County.

Pest Event or Growth Stage	Approximate Date	2023 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven)	March 23 +/- 15 Days	March 7
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious	March 31 +/- 13 Days	March 27
Pink Peach (Redhaven)	April 4 +/- 15 Days	March 24
Tight Cluster Red Delicious	April 9 +/- 13 Days	April 7
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)	April 9 +/- 14 Days	April 4
Pink Apple (Red Delicious)	April 14 +/- 12 Days	April 11
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)	April 22 +/- 11 Days	April 16
Petal Fall (Redhaven)	April 22 +/- 10 Days	April 15
Petal Fall (Red Delicious)	April 27 +/- 13 Days	May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven)	April 30 +/- 11 Days	April 21
Pit Hardening	June 15 +/- 9 Days	June 11

 

 

 

Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  All timings for first generation OFM have past. Third generation timings are updated below:

OFM 2nd Generation Timing
		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by  6/30 base 45	Conventional 2100-2200 2350-2450	Diamide 2025-2150 2375-2450
Gloucester – Southern	1404	1st –about 7/22 2nd –about 7/27	1st –about 7/20 2nd –about 7/25
Middlesex – Northern	1386	1st – about 7/23 2nd – about 7/28	1st – about 7/21 2nd – about 7/29

Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Catfacing insects are active, and activity is increasing with dry weather and summer temperatures. Very little recent fruit feeding has been observed.

Thrips: Flower Thrips have caused slight damage on highly colored ripening fruit, especially in poorly managed ground covers that contain clover or other flowering weeds. The current weather pattern has turned to unfavorable for thrips but they still may cause some damage. Thrips damage appears as “silvering” and usually appears on fruit close to harvest. If populations are high damage can be extensive. Presence of thrips may be scouted for using a beating tray to detect the presence of adults and nymphs in the tree. Flowering weeeds and shrubs on orchard edges may also be scouted by shaking flowers onto a beating tray or a sheet of paper. Delegate or Entrust at the highest labeled rate are the usual recommended materials for thrips in stone fruit. Lannate may be effective in some orchards but has not worked well in recent years. These materials all have short PHI’s and may be applied close to harvest when damage typically appears. See the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

 

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Now that primary scab has ended, the focus turns toward summer diseases such as fruit rots (esp. Bitter rot), and sooty blotch and fly speck. Bitter rot control has been difficult at best in recent years even where management programs have been rigorous. Research has suggested products such as Merivon, Luna Sensation and Inspire Super may be effective, and longtime reliable broad spectrum fungicides such as captan and ziram should provide control. Experience has suggested that the addition of phosphorous acid products such as Prophyt or Rampart to captan sprays may improve control. Observations are that these products improve control of other summer diseases such as sooty blotch and flyspeck, and may help suppress scab infections where present.

Fire Blight: Fire Blight symptoms began appearing in southern county apple and pear orchards the week of 5/1. Typically it is recommended to cut out infected limbs however this is a practical decision that must be made. This blog post from Michigan State may be helpful to decide whether it is worth cutting out infected tissue. Once the terminal buds set, typically in July, infected wood should be removed to prevent colonization by the bitter rot pathogen. In southern counties terminal buds have set in most varieties. It should be safe to start cutting out blighted wood however this should be done during dry weather.

Codling Moth (CM): The first generation codling moth timings have ended. Trap captures continue and decreased in most southern county orchards this week. A biofix was set for CM on April 17^th in both northern and southern counties. Second generation timings are updated below. Rimon is not recommended for this and later generations.

	Codling Moth Degree Day Timing – Second Generation
		Application and Insecticide Type
County Area	Biofix	Rimon: 75-100DD + 14-17 days later		Intrepid 1150 + 1450 DD Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)		Madex 1250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)	Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids 1250 DD + 1550 DD
DD				1150	1450	1250	1250	1550
Southern	April 17	past	past	7/8	7/18	7/11	7/11	7/21
Northern	April 17	past	past	7/8	7/18	7/11	7/11	7/21

Potato Leafhoppers (PLH): PLH adults began appearing in apples this past week. PLH should not be tolerated in non-bearing orchards because they can stunt the growth of new shoots. Likewise they should not be tolerated in orchards were fire blight is present because they have been demonstrated to spread the disease. PLH appear as light green smallish leafhoppers and are often found on the new leaves in the growing tips. Neonicitiods are generally recommended for control however there are other braod spectrum materials that are effective. Refer to the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

Wooly Apple Aphid (WAA); Green Apple (Spirea) Aphids (GAA): GAA colonies are present in most apple blocks. GAA is generally a pest that can be tolerated since they do little direct damage. Treatment thresholds for GAA are if 50% of the shoots are infested with no beneficial insects present. Wooly apple aphids are also appearing, and are building up in some southern county orchards. In most years these are controlled by beneficials however in some years like 2022, serious outbreaks can occur. The best control for WAA is Movento applied before or when the first colonies appear. Diazinon is also effective at knocking down infestations. Both materials will suppress scale at this time. Do not combine Diazinon with Captan.

Pear:  Second generation pear psylla began hatching about 5/15. Options for control include spynosyn products such as Delegate and Entrust, and the neocitinoids (IRAC group 4A). The addition of 0.25-1 gal of summer oil may improve control. Other options include Movento, the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur, and products containing abamectin. Be sure to read and follow the label instructions regarding the addition of penetrants for abamectin products. Pear Psylla are still actively laying eggs and nymphs continue to hatch.

Grape: Early blooming native grapes were at 50% bloom on 5/24, therefore we have set the the Grape Berry Moth biofix at 5/24 for southern counties. Typically we would use the bloom date for V. riparia to set the biofix date, however the usual locations we have used in the past did not have viable vines to look at, and it is difficult to scout new locations for V. riparia this year. Since V. riparia typically blooms with early natives we used Concord and Ives to set the biofix. The model works best when growers record their own bloom dates and use the Grape Berry Moth model at NEWA. Applications for GBM using Intrepid or Diamides should be made at 810 DD base 47. Other effective materials can be applied a few days later. Currently we are at 735 DD in southern counties. Applications have been historically made around the end of June in southern counties.

Powdery Mildew (PM):  PM symptoms began appearing on berries and rachises this past week in several vineyards. Options for eradication or suppression of established infections are limited. Sulfur, Oxidate, potassium bicarbonate products, and mineral oils are most often recommended. Note that sulfur should be used with care and avoided on sulfur sensitive varieties. Sulfur or Captan should never be combined with or used within 2 weeks of oil applications.

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/15/2023	433				20		1
4/23/2023	423		1		13		8	4
4/30/2023	417		7		15		4	1	0
5/06/2023	9		2		3		1	0	0
5/13/2023	18	2	7		2	3	0	6	6
5/20/2023	5	18	6		0	51	0	13	67
5/27/2023	1	11	4		0	17	0	11	49
6/03/23	3	8	2		1	24	0	13	65
6/10/2023	21	14	5		0	55	0	6	54	0
6/17/2023	10	11	5		0	57	0	8	46	4
6/24/2023	15	5	2		0	57	0	6	47	2
7/1/2023	342	3	0		0	69	0	3	37	6

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/8/2023	10
4/15/2023	20						3
4/30/2023	28		11						6
5/06/2023	22		2				19		9
5/13/2023	34	1	3		2		5		0
5/20/2023	31	6	7		1		6		0
5/27/23	16	18	4		1	17	3		11
6/03/23	12	26	2		0	17	2		12
6/10/2023	21	14	5		0	55	0		54
6/17/2023	63	53	2		1	15	1		6
6/24/2023	134	52	3	1	0	11	3		8
7/1/2023

Phenology Table: Based on annual observations made in Gloucester County.

Pest Event or Growth Stage	Approximate Date	2023 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven)	March 23 +/- 15 Days	March 7
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious	March 31 +/- 13 Days	March 27
Pink Peach (Redhaven)	April 4 +/- 15 Days	March 24
Tight Cluster Red Delicious	April 9 +/- 13 Days	April 7
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)	April 9 +/- 14 Days	April 4
Pink Apple (Red Delicious)	April 14 +/- 12 Days	April 11
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)	April 22 +/- 11 Days	April 16
Petal Fall (Redhaven)	April 22 +/- 10 Days	April 15
Petal Fall (Red Delicious)	April 27 +/- 13 Days	May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven)	April 30 +/- 11 Days	April 21
Pit Hardening	June 15 +/- 9 Days	June 11