Archives for June 2022

June 30, 2022 Dave Schmitt

Tree Fruit IPM Report for June 30, 2022

Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/11 in southern counties, and on 4/14 in northern counties. The second generation timings are updated below.


		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by 6/30 base 45	Conventional 1150-1200 1450-1500	Diamide 1075-1150 1375-1450
Gloucester – Southern	1522	1^st –past 2^nd –past	1^st –past 2^nd –past
Middlesex – Northern	1447	1^st –past 2^nd –6/30-7/2	1^st –past 2^nd –6/29-6/30

Japanese Beetles: Japanese beetles have emerged and have been observed in some orchards. Products containing imidacloprid (Admire Pro, etc.) are effective and have a short preharvest interval. See the Tree Fruit Production guide for more information.

Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Catfacing insect activity is increasing with the arrival of hot weather and is present at moderate to high levels in some orchards. Brown Marmorated Stink bugs are present at low to moderate levels in orchards statewide.

Lesser Peach Tree Borer and Peach Tree Borer: Lesser Borer adults are flying in all growing regions. Greater Peach tree borers are now flying in southern counties.

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Summer scab, rots and sooty blotch and fly speck are the main targets at this stage. Where scab is present rely primarily on protectant fungicides. Last year Captan plus a phosphorous acid like Prophyt was observed to slow scab development as well as provide good summer disease control.

Codling Moth (CM): The Second CM flight will be starting soon. If trap captures are above 5 moths/trap continue using effective materials. A biofix was set for CM on April 25^th in southern counties, and May 6 in Northern counties (Middlesex County). Estimated timings for the second generation are updated below.

	Codling Moth Degree Day Timing
		Application and Insecticide Type
County Area	Biofix	Intrepid; Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: 1150-1200 + 1450-1500 DD		Cyd-X, Madex 1250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)	Standard Insecticides – Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids 1250 DD + 1550-1600 DD
DD		1150-1200	1450-1500	1250	1250	1550-1600
Southern	April 25	7/3-7/5	too far off	7/7	7/7	too far off
Northern	May 6	7/6-7/7	too far off	7/9	7/9	too far off

Grapes:

Diseases: Grape diseases active at this growth stage are powdery mildew, downy mildew, and black rot.

Phomopsis on grape leaves and cane. (Photo – D. Schmitt)

Black rot leaf lesion on grape (Photo – D. Schmitt)

Phomopsis and downy mildew symptoms are present in southern counties. Black rot symptoms have not yet been observed but should appear any time now. Disease infection periods can be monitored using the NEWA models. Choose the weather station closest to your vineyard.

Insects: Leafhoppers have been seen in a few spots. This complex is generally not of concern. Potato leafhoppers, which arrive sometime in June, can cause some minor damage. Spotted Lantern Fly nymphs are present in high numbers on many vineyards. These nymphs do little damage and generally don’t need special treatments when present. Even so, vineyards should be monitored for SLF presence and if they are found use an insecticide effective for SLF when treating for Grape Berry Moth. More information for SLF can be found at the Penn State SLF website.

Downy Mildew on grape Leaves. (Photo – D. Schmitt)

Grape Berry Moth (GBM): The biofix in southern counties for GBM was 5/25. Timing for the second generation treatments using Diamides or Intrepid is set at 810 degree days base 47⁰F. Other materials may be applied a few days later. Given the current weather patterns, this should be about the late June/early July in southern counties. Insecticides that will control both GBM and SLF include pyrethroids and premixes such as Leverage and Voliam Flexi. Voliam Flexi is a diamide premix and should be applied at the 810 degree day timing.

Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

Weekending	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/9/2022	2				0		0
4/16/2022	0				2		3
4/23/2022	11	0	0		28		5	0	0
4/30/2022	5	0	1		31		4	0	0
5/7/2022	5	1	3		50		4	0	0
5/14/2022	8	5	3		19		2	0	0
5/21/2022	3	5	5		20		2	7	3
5/28/2022	0	19	3		13		0	11	36
6/4/2022	0	10	3		5		1	13	49	0
6/11/2022	0	9	2		6	36	0	8	47	3
6/18/2022	0	4	1		0	62	0	3	13	1
6/25/2022	16	0	0	6	3	16	0	0	18	4

Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties

Weekending	STLM	TABM-A	CM	BMSB	OFM-A	DWB	OFM-P	TABM-P	LPTB	PTB
4/9/2022
4/16/2022		0	0				1
4/23/2022		0	0				2	0
4/30/2022		0	0				2.5	0
5/7/2022		0	1				4	0
5/14/2022		1	2			0	5	0.5	0	0
5/21/2022	6	8	4		27	2	5	6	5	0
5/28/2022	34	19	3		6	13	1	23	15	0
6/4/2022	17	21	4		4	11	1	27	17	0
6/11/2022	22	25	2		1	4	0	30	9	0
6/18/2022	66	20	2	2	2	5	2	27	7	0
6/25/2022	58	21	1	8	8	2	4	22	4	0

Pest Event or Growth Stage	Approximate Date	2022 Observed Date
Bud Swell (Redhaven)	March 23 +/- 15 Days	March 20
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious	March 31 +/- 13 Days	March 21
Pink Peach (Redhaven)	April 4 +/- 15 Days	March 31
Tight Cluster Red Delicious	April 9 +/- 13 Days	March 31
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven)	April 9 +/- 14 Days	April 10
Pink Apple (Red Delicious)	April 14 +/- 12 Days	April 14
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious)	April 22 +/- 11 Days	April 21
Petal Fall (Redhaven)	April 22 +/- 10 Days	April 14
Petal Fall (Red Delicious)	April 27 +/- 13 Days	May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven)	April 30 +/- 11 Days	April 26
Pit Hardening	June 15 +/- 9 Days	June 10

Filed Under: Tree Fruit, Wine Grape Tagged With: apple, Apple Disease, Apple Insect, IPM, peach, Peach Disease, Peach Insect, wine grape, wine grape disease, wine grape insect, wine grape pest management

June 30, 2022 Michelle Infante-Casella

USDA June Acreage Report for Corn, Soybean and Wheat

The USDA released its June Acreage Report Here are the numbers: 2022 Corn Intended Acres: 89.9 million acres compared to the USDA March 31 report of 89.5 million acres and 93.3 million acres in 2021. This would be down 400,00 acres from the March report and down 3.4 million acres from last year. 2022 Soybean Planted Acres: 88.3 million acres vs. the USDA March 31 at 90.9 million acres and 87.2 million acres in 2021. This would be down 2.6 million acres from the March 31 report and up 1.2 million acres from last year. 2022 Wheat Planted Acres: 47.1 million acres this compares to the USDA March 31 report at 47.351 million acres and 46.703 million acres in 2021. Initial thoughts after reviewing the survey numbers: The numbers are neutral to corn and wheat and bullish short term and long term for soybeans. The total corn and soybean acreage is just 178.2 million acres. It looks like my early projection of 3 million acres of prevent plant may be 2 million acres too low.

The soybean market will be very weather sensitive, with 2.6 million acres less acres than the March 30 Prospective Planting report, this could create 134 million less soybean bushels than earlier estimates.

Shared from: https://www.agriculture.com/markets/analysis/actual-acres-planted-to-corn-rise-while-soybeans-drop-in-2022-usda-says?did=802009-20220630&utm_campaign=todays-news_newsletter&utm_source=agriculture.com&utm_medium=email&utm_content=063022&cid=802009&mid=91029761676&lctg=123588474

Filed Under: Field, Forage & Livestock Tagged With: corn, soybean, wheat

June 30, 2022 Andy Wyenandt

Recognizing Angular Leaf Spot in Cucurbits

Angular leaf spot is common in New Jersey and the region. It often shows up during cooler, wet weather and isolated rain.

Symptoms of angular leaf spot in cucurbit.

Angular leaf spot of pumpkin. Note the 'shot holes' in the leaf.

Angular leaf spot of pumpkin. Note leaf ‘shot holes’.

Angular leaf spot will first appear as, small water-soaked lesions which will expand until they reach a larger leaf vein resulting in the angular looking symptoms on leaves. Under heavy disease pressure, the bacteria will infect fruit causing small, water-soaked circular spots. In many cases once weather conditions become dry again, infected tissue in leaves will die and fall out leaving the characteristic ‘shot hole’ symptoms. Control of angular leaf spot begins with the application of labeled rates of fixed copper plus mancozeb to help suppress the spread of the disease until hot, dry weather returns.

Filed Under: Vegetable Crops Tagged With: angular leaf spot, cucurbits

June 29, 2022 Kris Holmstrom and Joe Ingerson-Mahar

Vegetable IPM Update 6/29/22

Sweet Corn

Low numbers of European corn borer (ECB) moths remain a sporadic, low component of blacklight trap catches. Feeding in whorl and pre-tassel stage is now less common, as control has been applied to infested plantings and later blocks (now in whorl stage) have avoided most of the egg laying period. Slightly higher adult activity is in scattered pockets around the state (see map below at right). ECB injury over the threshold of 12% of plants infested, while still around, has generally been declining over this past week. We expect feeding wind down over the next week or so as we move into the period between generations.

Look for the characteristic “shot-hole” type of feeding (photo below at right) and consider treating when infested plants exceed 12% in a 50 plant sample. As plantings proceed to the pre-tassel stage, ECB larvae may be found in emerging tassels (see photo at left). It is a good idea to treat individual plantings as they move into the full tassel/first silk stage one time. This eliminates any ECB larvae that have emerged with the tassels as they begin to move down the stalk to re-enter near developing ears.

Useful insecticides for this particular application include synthetic pyrethroids (IRAC Grp 3), spinosyns (including OMRI approved Entrust) IRAC Grp 5), and diamides such as Coragen or Vantacor (IRAC Grp 28) or materials such as Besiege which include the active ingredient in Coragen. Synthetic pyrethroids alone should NOT be used for corn earworm (CEW) protection on silking corn. Control with these materials is very inconsistent.

The highest nightly trap catches of ECB for the week ending 6/29/22 are as follows:

Bellemeade 1	Farmingdale 1	Morristown 1
Blairstown 1	Georgetown 1	New Egypt 1
Centerton 1	Lawrenceville 1	Princeton 1
Crosswicks 1	Matawan 1	Sergeantsville 1

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Organic Production, Vegetable Crops

June 29, 2022 Andy Wyenandt

Preparing for Anthracnose and Alternaria Leaf Blights in Cucurbit Crops

Anthracnose and Alternaria leaf blight can become problematic in cucurbit crops during long periods of wet, humid weather. Both can cause significant losses if not controlled properly. With the production season in full swing, now is a good time to review a few of these important diseases. [Read more…]

Filed Under: Vegetable Crops Tagged With: alternaria, anthracnose, cucurbit crops

June 28, 2022 Andy Wyenandt

Don’t Rely on Disinfestants for Disease Control

The hot, then windy, then wet weather these past few weeks have brought with it prolonged windy days and rain to many areas. In general, this type of weather is ideal for the development and spread of many vegetable diseases.

By now most growers are on weekly protectant fungicide programs to help prevent disease development. It’s important to remember at this point in the season when disease pressure is high that growers stick with their standard fungicide programs.

Growers should not replace fungicides with disinfestant-type products in their weekly fungicide programs.

Remember, disinfestants only kill what they come into direct and immediate contact with and do not offer any residual activity like fungicides do. Disinfestants should be used in conjunction with weekly fungicide programs and be applied based on specific weather events such as following rainfall or overhead irrigation or after certain cultural practices such as tying or pruning where plant injury or wounding may occur.

Filed Under: Vegetable Crops Tagged With: disinfestants