Archives for May 2019

May 31, 2019

Phytophthora blight control in wet weather

Most of New Jersey has been plagued by heavy rains and pop-up thunderstorms these past few days making conditions ideal for pathogens such as Phytophthora blight (P. capsici) on pepper, eggplant, tomato, and cucurbit crops. Now that the temperatures are starting to rise the threat of infection will only begin to increase. Unfortunately, Phytophthora blight can be found on most farms in the southern part of the state. Poor crop rotations with susceptible hosts only make matters worse. The pathogen also has an increasing host range that also includes snap and lima beans, and all other crops, other than a few resistant bell pepper cultivars, lack any resistance to the pathogen.

Control of Phytophthora blight is extremely difficult (even with the use of fungicides) in the extremely wet weather conditions that parts of New Jersey. In the past few years a number of new fungicides, with new active ingredients, have become commercially-available for controlling phytophthora on multiple crops. Mefenoxam or metalaxyl, both once widely-used to effectively control Phytophthora blight has been hit by resistance issues around much of Southern New Jersey the past decade. Growers with a known history of mefenoxam-insensitivity on their farm should use Presidio, Previcur Flex, or Ranman plus a Phosphite fungicide in rotation in their drip application programs. Importantly, if mefenoxam has not been used in particular fields on any crop for a number of years (more than 5+) the fungus may revert back to being mefenoxam-sensitive and control with these products may return. Orondis Gold, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, and the phosphites are the most systemic of the group and should readily be taken up the by plant via application through the drip. Presidio has locally systemic and has translaminar activity and offers protection of the root system via drip. Ranman has protectant-like activity and thus will offer root system protection.

For more information on these fungicides and specific crop uses, please see the 2020/2021 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Fungicide Recommendations Guide.

 

Filed Under: Organic Production, Vegetable Crops Tagged With:
May 31, 2019

Early-season Phytophthora blight control in pepper

Phytophthora blight typically develops in low-lying areas after a heavy rain and can spread quickly throughout the entire field. Fortunately, this spring in New Jersey has been really dry – too dry thus far, but that does not need you don’t need to prepare for potential phytophthora issues down the road. This is particularly important if are in fields with a known history of Phytophthora blight. Although the extended period of dry weather works against Phytophthora development, it can lead to Rhizoctonia root rot issues in newly transplanted plugs.

Cultural Recommendations

In general, planting on a ridge or raised, dome-shaped bed will help provide better soil drainage. In fields with known low-lying or wet areas, avoid transplanting in those areas all together. In fields with a known history of Phytophthora blight, plant ONLY resistant cultivars to help reduce plant losses. If mefenoxam-insensitivity is known to exist in a field/farm, plant only tolerant cultivars. Do not apply mefenoxam or metalaxyl in fields where insensitivity is known to exist.
[Read more…]

Filed Under: Organic Production, Vegetable Crops Tagged With: ,
May 31, 2019

Vegetable Disease Update – 5/31/19

  • Downy mildew in pea has been reported in southern New Jersey.
  • Bacterial leaf spot of parsley has been reported in southern New Jersey.
  • Cucurbit downy mildew has been reported as far north as southern Georgia.
  • Weather the past week has been ideal for downy mildew development on spring crops. Growers are advised to scout fields on a regular basis
  • The heavy rains and warmer weather have been ideal conditions for early-season damping off caused by Pythium root rot and Phytophthora crown rot. Growers should continue to scout on a regular basis and remain proactive in their fungicide programs as long as current weather patterns continue.
  • For more information on controlling these and other important diseases please see the 2019 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Guide. The guide is available for FREE online by following the links on the Plant and Pest Advisory website. Hardcopies of the 2019 guide can be purchased through your local county Extension office.
Filed Under: Vegetable Crops
May 31, 2019

2019 Cranberry Growers Twilight Meeting

Location: Pine Island Cranberry Company, Inc.
Address: 3353A Rte 563, Chatsworth, NJ 08019
Date: Thursday June 13, 2019
Time: 5:30 P.M. to 8:00 P.M

Agenda

5:30-6:00 PM Dinner

6:00-6:25 PM “Cranberry Disease Management”
Dr. Peter Oudemans, Professor Blueberry/Cranberry Pathology

6:25-6:45 PM “Systemic Diseases of Cranberry”
Dr. James Polashock, Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS

6:45-7:10 PM “Cranberry Weed Control Update”
Dr. Thierry Besancon, Assistant Extension Specialist, Weed Science

7:10-7:35 PM “Fruit Rot Resistance Variety Trials”
Dr. Nicholi Vorsa, Professor and Director, Rutgers P.E, Marucci Center
Dr. Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese, Research Associate

7:35-8:00 PM “Cranberry Insect Pest Management”
Dr. Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Extension Specialist, Entomology

Filed Under: Uncategorized
May 30, 2019

Sparganothis Fruitworm Degree-Day Update: as of May 30, 2019

Based on our degree-day model for Sparganothis fruitworm, flight initiation is expected at around 596 DD (see chart). As of May 30,

Sparganothis degree-day model benchmarks

Sparganothis degree-day model benchmarks

Sparganothis has accumulated 683 DD (using March 1 as biofix- a biofix used for the model) or 529 DD (using April 15 as biofix- a biofix more relevant to New Jersey cranberry cultural practices). This indicates that flight activity has just started or will start very soon. Growers are advised to place pheromone traps for monitoring this pest by this or next week, if they haven’t done so already.

Filed Under: Cranberry, Fruit
May 29, 2019

IPM Update 5/29/19

Sweet Corn

 IPM Personnel are still capturing low numbers of European corn borer (ECB) moths, although even these captures are fairly sporadic, and extremely low in the northern counties (see map at left).  Despite this, single digit feeding percentages were found on Middlesex county whorl stage corn on Wednesday of this week.  It is likely that ECB injury has occurred on early plantings in most areas, although it is probably very light.  Early plantings grown under plastic will be at risk first, followed by the first bare ground plantings.   Growers should begin scouting whorl corn for injury.

 

ECB Tassel

Sweet corn emerging tassel with ECB droppings.
Photo: Kris Holmstrom

Look for the characteristic “shot-hole” type of feeding (photo below at right) and consider treating when infested plants exceed 12% in a 50 plant sample.  As plantings proceed to the pre-tassel stage, ECB larvae may be found in emerging tassels (see photo at left).  It is a good idea to treat individual plantings as they move into the full tassel/first silk stage one time.  This eliminates any ECB larvae that have emerged with the tassels as they begin to move down the stalk to re-enter near developing ears.

Useful insecticides for this particular application include synthetic pyrethroids (IRAC Grp 3), spinosyns (including OMRI approved Entrust) IRAC Grp 5), and diamides such as Coragen (IRAC Grp 28) or materials such as Besiege which include the active ingredient in Coragen.  Synthetic pyrethroids alone should NOT be used for corn earworm (CEW) protection on silking corn.  Control with these materials is very inconsistent.

 

 

The highest nightly trap catches of ECB for the week ending 5/29/19 are as follows:

Downer   2 Centerton   1 Hillsborough   1
Medford   2 Elm   1 Jones Island   1
Califon   1 Folsom   1 Oldwick   1

[Read more…]

Filed Under: Organic Production, Vegetable Crops