Tree Fruit IPM Report June 12, 2024

Peach:

Bacterial Spot: Fruit symptoms have begun to appear in southern counties. So far fruit symptoms are very low and only in highly susceptible varieties. Peaches are at or past pit hardening and fruit now has some resistance to bacterial spot. Infections can still occur but will be less unsightly and may still make grade. Growers should continue to manage using Oxytetracyclene and lower rates of copper, especially around rainy periods and severe weather.

Oriental Fruit Moth: A biofix point for OFM was set on 4/10 in both northern and southern counties.  All Treatments for the first generation have past.

OFM 2nd Generation Timing
Insecticide Type
County/Region Degree Days by  6/11base 45 Conventional

1150-1200

1450-1500

Intrepid/Rimon

1050-1150

1300-1400

Diamides/Virus

1075-1150

1375-1450

Gloucester – Southern 1163 1st –June 11-13

2nd – June 20-23

1st –June 7-10

2nd – June 16-19

1st –June 8-10

2nd – June18-21

Middlesex – Northern 1033 1st – June 15-17

2nd – too far off

1st – June 12-16

2nd – too far off

1st – June 13-16

2nd – too far off

Tarnished Plant Bugs; and Other Catfacing Insects: Catfacing insects are active, and activity is increasing with dry weather and summer temperatures. Very little recent fruit feeding has been observed.

Scale Insects: White peach scale crawlers began emergence around mid-May in southern counties and San jose scale crawlers began emergence around May 25 and will continue emergence for up to 6 weeks. Control options during crawler emergence include Neonicitiniods (suppression only), Sivanto, and the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur. Refer to the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

Thrips: If the current dry spell continues Flower Thrips may become an issue in highly colored ripening fruit, especially in poorly managed ground covers that contain clover or other flowering weeds. Thrips damage appears as “silvering” and usually appears on fruit close to harvest. If populations are high damage can be extensive. Presence of thrips may be scouted for using a beating tray to detect the presence of adults and nymphs in the tree. Flowering weeeds and shrubs on orchard edges may also be scouted by shaking flowers onto a beating tray or a sheet of paper. Delegate or Entrust at the highest labeled rate are the usual recommended materials for thrips in stone fruit. Lannate may be effective in some orchards but has not worked well in recent years. These materials all have short PHI’s and may be applied close to harvest when damage typically appears. Thrips have also been observed to mark cherries. Damage is different than peach and appears as a dark streak in a similar pattern as silvering. Refer to the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

 

Apples and Pears:

Diseases: Now that primary scab is nearing the end, or has ended, the focus turns toward summer diseases such as fruit rots (esp. Bitter rot), and sooty blotch and fly speck. Bitter rot control has been difficult at best in recent years even where management programs have been rigorous. Research has suggested Products such as Merivon, Luna Sensation, Inspire Super, and Aprovia may be effective, and longtime reliable broad spectrum fungicides such as omega, captan and ziram should provide control. Experience has suggested that the addition of phosphorous acid products such as Prophyt or Rampart to captan sprays may improve control. Observations are that these products improve control of other summer diseases such as sooty blotch and flyspeck, and may help suppress scab infections where present.

Fire Blight: Fire Blight symptoms began appearing in southern county apple and pear orchards the week of 5/20, and in northern counties the week of 5/13. Typically it is recommended to cut out infected limbs however this is a practical decision that must be made. This blog post from Michigan State may be helpful to decide whether it is worth cutting out infected tissue. Once the terminal buds set, typically in July, infected wood should be removed to prevent colonization by the bitter rot pathogen.

Codling Moth (CM): The first generation codling moth timings have ended. Trap captures Continue and increased in some southern county orchards this week. A biofix was set for CM on April 17th in both northern and southern counties. Second generation timings are updated below. Rimon is not recommended for this and later generations.

Codling Moth Degree Day Timing – Second Generation
Application and Insecticide Type
County Area Biofix Intrepid

1150 + 1450 DD

Diamides – Altacor, Voliam mixes: (150-200 DD)

Madex

1250 DD + every 7-9 days during brood hatch (later if first spray is an IGR)

Standard Insecticides –  Delegate, Avaunt, OP’s, carbamates, pyrethroids

1250 DD + 1550 DD

 

DD 1150 1450 1250 1250 1550
Southern April 22 Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off
Northern  May 1 Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off Too far off

Ambrosia Beetle : Infested trees are showing signs of stress. If you have had a history of this pest in your orchard, now is a good time remove and burn any trees that have been attacked as the flight appears to be declining or is over.

Wooly Apple Aphid (WAA); Green Apple (Spirea) Aphids (GAA): GAA colonies are beginning to appear in some apple blocks. GAA is generally a pest that can be tolerated since they do little direct damage. Treatment thresholds for GAA are if 50% of the shoots are infested with no beneficial insects present. WAA aerial colonies are present in orchards statewide. We have observed high degrees of parasitism in many orchards and therefore no controls have been needed. Refer to the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

Potato Leafhoppers (PLH): PLH adults may be still present in apples. PLH should not be tolerated in non-bearing orchards because they can stunt the growth of new shoots. Likewise they should not be tolerated in orchards were fire blight is present because they have been demonstrated to spread the disease. PLH appear as light green smallish leafhoppers and are often found on the new leaves in the growing tips. Neonicitiods are generally recommended for control however there are other broad spectrum materials that are effective. Refer to the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for more information.

Pear Third generation pear psylla began hatching about June 8. Options for control include spynosyn products such as Delegate and Entrust, and the neocitinoids (IRAC group 4A). The addition of 0.25-1 gal of summer oil may improve control. Other options include Movento, the IGR’s Esteem and Centaur, and products containing abamectin. Be sure to read and follow the label instructions regarding the addition of penetrants for abamectin products, and movento. Pear Psylla are still actively laying eggs and nymphs continue to hatch.

Grape: Early blooming native grapes were at trace bloom on 5/24, therefore we have set the the Grape Berry Moth biofix at 5/24 for southern counties. Since V. riparia typically blooms with early natives we used Concord and Ives to set the biofix. The model works best when growers record their own bloom dates and use the Grape Berry Moth model at NEWA. Applications for GBM using Intrepid or Diamides should be made at 810 DD base 47. Other effective materials can be applied a few days later. Applications have been historically made around the end of June in southern counties. As for diseases we are seeing low levels of phomopsis on older leaves in some vineyards.

Phenology Table: Based on annual observations made in Gloucester County.

Pest Event or Growth Stage Approximate Date 2024 Observed Date
 Bud Swell (Redhaven/PF-17)  March 23 +/- 15 Days March 13
1/4″ Green Tip Red Delicious March 31 +/- 13 Days March 18
Pink Peach (Redhaven/PF-17) April 4 +/- 15 Days March 18
Tight Cluster Red Delicious April 9 +/- 13 Days March 30
Full Bloom Peach (Redhaven/PF-17) April 9 +/- 14 Days April 5
Pink Apple (Red Delicious) April 14 +/- 12 Days April 9
Full Bloom Apple (Red Delicious) April 22 +/- 11 Days April 20
Petal Fall (Redhaven) April 22 +/- 10 Days April 15
Petal Fall (Red Delicious) April 27 +/- 13 Days  May 3
Shuck Split (Redhaven) April 30 +/- 11 Days  April 22
Pit Hardening June 15 +/- 9 Days  June 10

 

 

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Southern Counties

STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB
3/23/2024 70 0
3/30/2024 29 0 0
4/6/2024 421 0 0
4/13/2024 415 7 1
4/20/2024 900 7 0
4/27/2024 312 2 22  1
5/4/2024 137 2 8 27 1 5
5/11/2024 6 2 15 2 1 10 42
5/18/2024 5 6 11 2 6 0 12 41
5/25/2014 33 29 7 4 25 0 44 37
6/1/2024 719 12 12 1 1 0 44 57
6/8/2024 163 7 6 0 27 0 35 52 3

Tree Fruit Trap Captures – Northern Counties

STLM TABM-A CM BMSB OFM-A DWB OFM-P TABM-P LPTB PTB AMBROSIA BEETLE
3/23/2024
3/30/2024
4/6/2024 0 0
4/13/2024 3.25 37.6
4/20/2024 11.75 93
4/27/2024 0 19 50
5/4/2024 1 16 19 124
5/11/2024 3 4 18 112
5/18/2024 4 2 1 2 2 2 83
5/25/2024 7 5 0 16 8 23 55
6/1/2024 16 7 0 28 7 21 37
6/8/2024 17 4 0 23 3 16 2 12