Rutgers University | New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station | Pesticide User Responsibility

December 19, 2024

Reminder to Dairy Cattle Owners to Stay Vigilant Regarding Biosecurity

To New Jersey Dairy Producers and Dairy Cattle Owners:

There has been a rise in HPAI detections in domestic poultry and dairy cattle, particularly in western states, over the past few months. The U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) has also reported over 60 human cases related to individuals who had close contact with infected livestock or poultry. While H5N1 bird flu currently has not been detected in dairy cattle or people in New Jersey, due to the ongoing outbreaks in other states, New Jersey farm owners and farm workers should be aware of the risks and monitor dairy cattle, domestic poultry, other livestock, farm pets, and farm workers for signs of illness. Cattle farms should identify areas of potential improvement in biosecurity, including limiting farm access to essential employees only, cleaning and disinfection of vehicles, implementing strategies for wild bird determent, and use of footbaths at barn entryways. Multi-species operations, particularly those with both poultry and ruminants on-site, are encouraged to mitigate areas in which the spread of disease between species may be at risk.

For resources regarding biosecurity plans, please refer to the memo from Dr. Amar Patil, DVM, MVSc, Ph.D., Diplomate ACVM, Director of the Division of Animal Health/State Veterinarian: December 2024 HPAI Letter to Dairy Owners

Also, New Jersey has developed a Voluntary Dairy Herd Health Monitoring Program which is available to all dairies in the state. If you are interested in learning more about this program, please contact Dan Wunderlich (Daniel.Wunderlich@ag.nj.gov) at the New Jersey Department of Agriculture.

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Field, Forage & Livestock
December 19, 2024

Reminder to Backyard Flock Poultry Owners to Stay Vigilant Regarding Biosecurity

To Backyard Flock Poultry Owners:

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been confirmed (by USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)) in commercial and backyard flocks throughout the nation since 2022. The HPAI virus remains present in wild birds and other wildlife, as well as domestic poultry and livestock in the United States. As HPAI continues to spread across the country, poultry owners are urged to review their biosecurity practices and remain on alert for clinical signs of HPAI in their flock. Multi-species operations, particularly those with both poultry and ruminants on-site, are encouraged to mitigate areas in which the spread of disease between species may be at risk.

For resources regarding biosecurity plans, please refer to the memo from Dr. Amar Patil, DVM, MVSc, Ph.D., Diplomate ACVM, Director of the Division of Animal Health/State Veterinarian: Dec 2024 HPAI Letter to BYF Poultry Owners

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Field, Forage & Livestock
December 17, 2024

NJDA Memo – First Theileria orientalis Ikeda Positive Cattle Case in New Jersey

I’ve included for you a memo from the New Jersey Department of Agriculture regarding Theileria orientalis subtype Ikeda found in NJ.

Theileria orientalis Ikeda is a tickborne protozoan infection in cattle (but can impact sheep and goats) that is most commonly spread through the bite of an ixodid tick. An emerging vector for this disease is the Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis), a tick that was first identified in Hunterdon County in 2017 and has since been detected in 21 states and DC. This tick is active in New Jersey from March through October or early November (Ticks Don’t Take a Winter Vacation).

Well, what will happen if animals get bitten by an infected tick?

  • The T. orientalis Ikeda protozoa will infect the red and white blood cells, which results in anemia in affected animals.
    • Due to anemia, infected cattle may appear similar to those affected by anaplasmosis.
  •  Common clinical signs include weakness, inappetence, pyrexia (elevated body temperature), mucosal pallor (pale gums/mucus membranes), jaundice, and elevated respiratory and heart rates.

T. orientalis Ikeda infections have been reported to cause mortality in 1- 5% of infected cattle but can be as high as 50%. Pregnant heifers and calves are particularly susceptible to infection. While there are several types of T. orientalis found in the United States, to date, only T. orientalis genotype Ikeda has been shown to cause severe illness in animals.

How do you control it?

  • There is no approved treatment or vaccine for T. orientalis in cattle in the United States.
  • The best method of prevention is tick control. Recommended strategies include:
    • Veterinary-approved pesticide treatment (such as pour-on and ear tags)
    • Regular tick inspections
    • Clearing of bushes
    • Keeping pastures and grass mowed short.

A useful document can be found here: Managing the Asian Longhorned Tick: Checklist for Best Management Practices for Cattle Producers

The NJDA Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory (AHDL) is currently working to coordinate diagnostic testing for T. orientalis. For further information on testing, veterinarians should contact the laboratory at (609) 406-6999 or via email at jerseyvetlab@ag.nj.gov. As an emerging disease in New Jersey, knowing detected cases of T. orientalis can help determine the impact of this disease on New Jersey cattle.

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Field, Forage & Livestock
December 6, 2024

Nationwide Survey on Vectors through Iowa State Center for Food Security and Public Health

The Iowa State University Center for Food Security and Public Health (CFSPH) would like to hear from you and your colleagues! They are requesting participation in a 5-minute survey on vectors (ticks, mosquitoes, mites, and other arthropods of veterinary health concern) where responses will help guide resource creation. This survey is part of a project funded by USDA’s National Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Program (NADPRP).

CFSPH invites responses from anyone over the age of 18 who lives or works with animals (including honey bees). This includes: U.S. veterinary personnel, animal health professionals, farmers/producers, pet owners, and beekeepers.

Access to this survey will close on December 15th, 2024, so there is still time to participate.

If interested, here is the link to access the survey: Survey on Vectors

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates
June 13, 2024

Additional Information for New Jersey Farm Owners on H5N1 Bird Flu

The New Jersey Departments of Health (NJDOH) and Agriculture (NJDA) are closely monitoring the emerging situation with H5N1 bird flu and would like to provide important information to New Jersey farm owners. Please refer to the memo from NJDOH and NJDA: Information for Farm Owners and Farm Workers (highlights provided below). The public health risk of H5N1 bird flu is low, but people can sometimes get bird flu, usually after close, unprotected contact with infected animals. Poultry and livestock farmers and workers, veterinarians and veterinary staff, and slaughterhouse workers performing certain tasks on lactating dairy cattle are at increased risk of exposure to animals infected with bird flu viruses. Farms containing multiple species, particularly cattle, and/or poultry, should uphold biosecurity practices that reduce the risk of disease spreading between animals. Farm staff and visitors should adhere to recommended precautions regarding contact with other animals and follow personal protective equipment (PPE) protocols.

Rutgers Cooperative Extension is collaborating with NJDOH, following guidance from the CDC, to assist farm owners with preparedness by providing initial PPE supplies by request at county extension offices. To request PPE supplies and/or receive additional information, please contact your respective county extension office (https://njaes.rutgers.edu/county/). You will be asked to specify the quantity and type of PPE needed for your operation.

Refer to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s flyer “Protect Yourself from H5N1 When Working With Farm Animals,” for more guidance on the application, removal, and disposal (or possible re-use) of each personal protective equipment item.

PPE from NJDOH includes the following as supply remains available:

  • Bouffant caps
  • Coveralls
  • Face shields and refills
  • Goggles
  • Gloves
  • N95 respirators
  • Gowns
  • Shoe covers
Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Field, Forage & Livestock, Food Safety
April 29, 2024

Effective today, 4/29/2024: USDA Federal Order on testing and reporting Influenza A in cattle

Please see the attached memo from Dr. Amar Patil, DVM, MVSc, Ph.D., Diplomate ACVM, Director of the Division of Animal Health/State Veterinarian: Federal Order Influenza A in Cattle Memo April 27, 2024

This order includes specific requirements regarding the testing of lactating cows for Bovine Influenza A Virus (H5N1) before interstate movement. New Jersey dairy producers needing pre-movement testing should contact their attending veterinarian to arrange for sample collection, which must occur no more than seven (7) days before interstate movement. The test sample required from lactating dairy cattle is milk/udder secretions from each quarter per individual cow (ensure each quarter is sampled, as there have been reports of only one quarter having the virus), which is then combined into one sample tube (a total volume of 3-10 ml of milk per animal should be submitted). The samples can be submitted to the NJDA Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory (AHDL), a USDA-approved National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) laboratory. Samples submitted to the NJDA AHDL will be tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for influenza A, which will be completed at no cost to the producers/veterinarians. Influenza A testing for interstate dairy cattle movement is an additional requirement to the preexisting livestock importation regulations in New Jersey, N.J.A.C. 2:3 Livestock and Poultry Importation. Persons moving dairy cattle are reminded that these requirements are in addition to the official identification, certificate of veterinary inspection (CVI), and testing requirements conventionally required for cattle movement. Please consult the receiving state to confirm all other interstate movement requirements prior to affecting an animal’s movement.

Listed below are particularly important aspects of the Federal Order and USDA guidance.

Mandatory Testing for Interstate Movement of Dairy Cattle:

  • Prior to interstate movement, non-clinical lactating dairy cows are required to receive a negative test for Influenza A virus at an approved National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) laboratory in addition to meeting the importing state’s testing requirements and a certificate of veterinary inspection (CVI).
  • Non-clinical lactating dairy cows moving interstate direct to slaughter do not require influenza A testing but require a certificate of veterinary inspection (CVI).
  • Non-clinical lactating dairy cows moving interstate through auction markets in New Jersey to out-of-state slaughter do not require influenza A testing but require a certificate of veterinary inspection (CVI).
  • Non-clinical lactating dairy cows moving interstate to auction market in another state require influenza A testing and a certificate of veterinary inspection.
  • Nonlactating dairy cattle, including bull calves, dry cows, and heifers; and beef cattle are exempt from Influenza A testing for interstate movement.
  • Movement tests are valid for seven (7) days from the date of sample collection.
  • For imported cattle attending a New Jersey Fair/Show, Influenza A testing is required for lactating dairy cattle in addition to meeting requirements in the 2024 fair and show letter.
  • Owners of herds in which dairy cattle test positive for interstate movement will be required to provide epidemiological information, including animal movement tracing.
  • Sick cattle are not eligible for movement. Dairy cattle herds that have tested positive for influenza A must wait 30 days and retest negative to be eligible for movement.

Mandatory Reporting: Laboratories and state veterinarians must report positive Influenza A detection diagnostic results in livestock to USDA APHIS.

Filed Under: Commercial Ag Updates, Field, Forage & Livestock, Food Safety