Archives for July 2020

Vegetable IPM Update 7/15/20

Sweet Corn

European corn borer (ECB) adults have all but disappeared over the past week, and no map will appear in this edition.    Larval infestations are sparse now, as the last corn plantings to be exposed to ECB in the whorl now have entered the silk stage.

The highest nightly trap catches of ECB for the week ending 7/15/20 are as follows:

Califon   1 Eldora   1
Cinnaminson   1 Old Bridge   1
Crosswicks   1 Tabernacle   1

Fall armyworm (FAW) has declined, and larval infestations are no longer evident in the northern counties.  There are still low infestations in Cape May County, and moths are being captured there as well as near the Burlington/Camden County border.  This is the time of the summer when FAW can show up, resulting in significant injury to whorl and even seedling stage corn.  Injury from newly hatched larvae shows up as “window panes” or areas where leaf tissue has been eaten down the the lower epidermis (see photo at left).  This injury leads down into the whorl.  As larvae gain size, they begin to consume leaf tissue in its’ entirety, creating ragged holes and lots of droppings (see photo at right).  FAW can be tough to manage because it is resistant to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (IRAC 3A) and because larvae are often covered by their own droppings, making contact with the insecticide more difficult.  Treat when 12% or more plants exhibit FAW injury alone, or in combination with ECB injury.

Corn earworm (CEW) moth captures remained steady at reasonably low levels in blacklight traps this past week.   Despite these lower counts,  silking corn continues to require protection from this pest.  Blacklight catches remain highest overall along the coast (see map at left).

The highest nightly trap catches of CEW in black light traps for the week ending 7/15/20 are as follows:

Matawan   5 Denville   1 Farmingdale   1
Centerton   1 Downer   1 Jones Island   1
Clinton   1 East Vineland  1 Medford   1
Crosswicks   1 Elm   1 Milltown   1

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Worker Protection Standard: Videos for Annual Training of Workers and Handlers

Use Rutgers NJAES Worker Protection website loaded with “Quick-Connect” With EPA’s short term WPS training exemptions for COVID-19,  provide your workers and handlers access to videos they can watch without being disturbed as an alternative to large group training,  These videos can be viewed on a computer or even a cell phone. Make sure that […]

EPA Releases Guidance on Pesticide Safety Training Requirements During COVID-19

Agricultural workers and pesticide handlers directly support the nation’s agricultural production and food supply and EPA is committed to ensuring they are protected from workplace hazards. EPA has released guidance regarding the annual pesticide safety training requirements outlined in the Agricultural Worker Protection Standard (WPS) that offers flexibility during the COVID-19 public health emergency. The […]

Fruit IPM for 7/15/20

Stink Bugs Apples and Peaches: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) activity is starting to increase in spotty locations. [Read more…]

Tropical Storm Brings Rain But What About Gray Leaf Spot?

The passing of tropical storm, Fay brought some needed precipitation to the region, albeit too much at once in many places. Relatively dry soils (assumes not being over-irrigated) and the long, warm days of summer should allow turfs to dry out reasonably fast. But what about gray leaf spot? Spores of the pathogen are thought […]

Fungicide plots

Cranberry Toad Bug Monitoring and Management

Cranberry toad bugs (Figure 1) should be the last insect pest of concern this season. Growers should start monitoring for this insect from now until the end of July.

Cranberry Toad Bug

Figure 1. Toad bug nymph. Photo by Elvira de Lange

Life cycle. Toad bugs, Phylloscelis rubra (Hemiptera, Dictyopharidae), feed only on cranberries. This insect has a single generation per year. It overwinters as eggs. The nymphs appear by the end of June through early September; nymphal abundance peaks between last week in July and 1st week in August (Figure 2). The adults emerge from end of July through October (harvest) and eggs are laid from end of August through October (Figure 2). Figure 3 shows seasonal abundance of toad bug nymphs and adults in New Jersey cranberries based on sweep net samples.

Toad bug life cycle

Figure 2. Toad bug life cycle

Injury. Feeding injury can be noticed in two stages. First stage feeding injury on vines causes closing in (towards the branch) of the leaves on the new growth. Second stage feeding causes changed in color (reddish to brown) of new growth (Figure 4). The injury can be seen from July until harvest. This injury will cause dying of the branch and the berries to shrivel up (Figure 4). Heavy infestation will result in dwarfed berries.

Seasonal abundance of toad bugs

Figure 3. Seasonal abundance of toad bugs in cranberry bogs

Toad bug injury

Figure 4. Toad bug injury to cranberries

Management. To determine infestation levels, lightly sweep problematic beds (bugs should be easy to catch in sweep nets as they are very active). There is currently no threshold established. Thus, insecticide applications should be based on the relative number of bugs per sweep compared with other sites and previous history of infestation. Currently, growers can use the following control options: Sevin 4F (carbamate), Diazinon, Imidan 70W (organophosphates), Actara or Assail 30SG (neonicotinoids). If infestation is high, treatments should be applied before the 1st week of August.