Fruit IPM Report 6-30-2015

Peach

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM): We are between 2nd and 3rd generation broods in southern counties, but still treating emerging larvae in northern counties. Growers who have trap counts that are less than 6 moths per trap can skip insecticides that are intended for OFM. If trap counts are higher, then time your sprays according to the following table:

Brown Rot and Anthracnose:Rot pressure is moderate following last week’s stormy weather. See last week’s post (below) for more information.

Begin pre-harvest applications about 3 weeks prior to harvest. For the earliest fruit Captan alone should be sufficient. As the season progresses begin to phase in better chemistries. Research has shown that the best timings for pre-harvest sprays are 19, 9, and 1 day before harvest. A good rotation for brown rot resistance management might be, for example, Gem, Indar, and Fontellis. Indar has a supplemental label for use up to 12 ozs. Where anthracnose has been a problem use Pristine, Merivon, or azoxystrobin products instead of Gem, and start the pre-harvest program about 3-4 weeks out. Do not use azoxystrobin near apples or in the same sprayer used for apples.

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): Any treatments for 1st brood TABM should have already been applied in all counties. We are between generations, and treatments will not be required in southern counties until the end of the month, and at the beginning of August in northern counties. No 1st brood TABM damage has been seen in either peaches or apples as of this date.

June Beetle; Japanese Beetle: June beetles and Japanese beetles are now flying. These insects can be troublesome on ripening fruit and usually peak around Redhaven season. Sevin is the most commonly recommended material and is effective even at low rates. Admire Pro is also effective and has a 0 day PHI. Most materials being applied for BMSB should be effective, but residual activity will vary, depending on the material, precipitation and heat.

Thrips: Thrips activity was observed in a block of ripening Easternglo this week. Highly colored fruit is particularly susceptible to thrips injury. Delegate or Entrust at the high rate are most effective. Lannate at the high rate has a shorter PHI and may have good knock down in some orchards, but will lack residual control.

Apple

European Red Mites (ERM): Mites are increasing in numbers, but are below treatment levels in most orchards. A few northern locations have populations above 5 mites per leaf. This is a treatment level over the next few weeks, but this is also the time of year that predators start to build. Miticides will be needed if there are no to only a few predators present.

Tufted Apple Budmoth (TABM): We are between broods in all counties. No treatments should be needed for this pest.

Codling Moth (CM): The 2nd brood should be starting as adults lay eggs starting later this week. The first treatment in southern counties will be due over the weekend with a second application following in about 2 weeks If using Intrepid, applications need to go on 1-2 days earlier than if using standard materials. Do not use trap counts as a guide for this second generation degree day timed spray. Treatments should be completed at the optimum timing with the correct rate and volume. After 2 complete CM treatments have been applied, then trap counts can be used as a guide to help determine the need for supplemental applications. Unlike peaches, this pest is an internal worm that will need to be targeted along with brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB).

Grape

Grape Berry Moth (GBM): As indicated in the last newsletter, the timing for grape berry moth treatments in southern counties was late last week (Thursday to Friday). The 810 DD target that the model derives for GBM timing is for Intrepid and the diamides (Altacor, Belt), or those insecticides have to be used early in the insect’s development. Other ‘standard’ insecticides can be also be used, but up to 4-5 days later. If you missed the earlier timing, or if the rain washed your application off, then Do Not repeat with the same material, but rather use a pyrethroid, OP or Carbamate. Do not mix EC formulations with Captan.

Blueberry

Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD): The first male SWD was captured in a trap in Burlington County on Wednesday June 24th. One male SWD was found in a trap at one site in Burlington County last week and 8 males were found in traps at 5 sites in Atlantic County. Trap monitoring for SWD adult males will continue throughout the remainder of the season. We also started salt testing the berries for presence of larvae. To date no larvae have been found in any of the salt tests in either counties. All growers should continue to follow the 7-day insecticide program for SWD. Insecticides effective against SWD include: Asana, Adjourn, Brigade, Danitol, Exirel, Hero, Imidan, Lannate, Malathion and Delegate. Fruit being exported to Canada SHOULD NOT receive any additional Imidan applications, since the MRL in Canada is less than in the U.S. Instead, plan on Lannate anywhere aphids may still be an issue. Where aphids are not a problem then Danitol would be a good choice. If you are not exporting to Canada, then any pyrethroid will do, and Imidan is fair game. Delegate is a good choice for SWD, and should be in an alternating program during the last 2-3 weeks of the program. It actually has a higher MRL for Canada than we have in the U.S. It has a 3 day PHI and should be used at a rate of 5-6 oz/A with a maximum use of 19.5 oz/A/season. This means you get 3 applications 6-7 days apart, alternating with another chemistry. Malathion still has a 24C label for the high rate as used last year with a 1-day PHI. This means you can use the Malathion 8F at up to 2.5 pt/A or 2.5 lb ai/A. The high rate is what is needed for good SWD control.

Blueberry Maggot (BBM): We continue to find BBM on traps in Atlantic County. Since the first catch on June 15th BBM has been found in traps on 7 farms in Atlantic County out of 33 farms sampled. To date, no BBM have been observed on traps in Burlington County. According to the updated Blueberry Certification Program; “The first insecticide application must be made within five days of blueberry maggot emergence, as determined by the NPPO or its designee. Subsequent sprays must be made at five- to twelve-day intervals, depending on the insecticide, until the end of harvest.” This is a change from previous years, and allows for various insecticide properties, and/or weather conditions. Treatment options effective against BBM and SWD include: Asana, Adjourn, Brigade, Danitol, Exirel, Hero, Imidan, Lannate, Malathion and Delegate.

Aphids:  Aphid presence was similar to the previous week with 67.5% of the sampled sites having positive shoot samples with an average of 10.6% aphids per 50 shoot sample. There was a decrease in the number of sites with over 10% shoot infestation to 26%.

Sharp-nosed Leafhopper (SNLH): Trap counts remained about the same compared to the previous week in both Atlantic and Burlington Counties (see table below). Most aphicides will also control leafhoppers, as will materials that target SWD.

Oriental Beetle (OB): Trap numbers have increased in Atlantic County and remained about the same in Burlington County (see table below) indicating peak emergence is soon. Treatments of Imidacloprid are recommended for OB. This appears to be the peak of OB adult emergence. While there is still time to use AdmirePro or generics, remember that this material is not effective on 3rd instar larvae, and 3rd instar larvae can start to appear in late July.

Putnam Scale: The number of sites positive for scale was 26%, which was similar to last week. Out of the 33 sites with scale, 19% of the sites had scale on more than 1% of fruit. Second generation crawlers can be treated at the end of July to the beginning of August. More on this as second generation crawlers emerge.

Tree Fruit Scouting Calendar Southern Counties

The following table is intended as an aid for orchard scouting. It should not be used to time pesticide applications. Median dates for pest events and crop phenology are displayed. These dates are compiled from observations made over the past 5-10 years in Gloucester County. Events in northern New Jersey should occur 7-10 days later.

Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

Tree Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties