Fruit IPM For 07/03/19

Peach:

Oriental Fruit Moth: Second generation timings are updated below. Second flight adults are still flying statewide. Treatments for the second generation have just finished in statewide. Applications for OFM should now be made only if trap captures exceed and average of 6 moths/trap.

Brown Rot: With the recent rains, sulfur should not be part of the spray program. Most growers should be relying on a captan based program for mid-season covers, followed by better materials during the last 3 weeks pre harvest.

Scale Insects: Second generation White Peach Scale crawlers should emerge some this week or next. Second generation San Jose Scale crawlers emerge about 7/17 +/- 8 days. Esteem is a good scale material that has a 14 day PHI for stone fruit. Centaur is also effective, has a 14 day PHI and can be used only once during the growing season. The neonicotinoids, Belay and Actara have some efficacy but do not have as long a residual as the other 2 products. Belay has a 21 day PHI, and Actara has a 14 day PHI. Neonicotinoids should not be used unless the orchard groundcover is free of blooming weeds.

Apple:

Codling Moth (CM): The timings are updated below for second generation CM. Trap counts and emergence are still very low, but should increase over the next week.

Aphids, Green apple aphid and Spirea aphid complex: Populations continue to build in some orchards. This is an insect that we can tolerate to at least when 50% of terminals infested with healthy colonies. These aphids DO NOT transmit Fire Blight or other diseases. As populations start to build, they will attract a number of predators, some of which will also feed on mites.

Scale Insects: Second generation San Jose Scale should emerge about mid-July. Options include Esteem (2 applications/year; 45 day PHI); Centaur (1 application/year; 14 day PHI); Diazinon 50W (2 applications/year; 21 day PHI).

Grapes

Disease management should focus primarily on Downy Mildew control at this time of year.

Grape Berry Moth (GRB): Treatments for the 2^nd generation, or the first generation that is important in cultivated grapes are over. Treatments for the third generation should be approximately in  the middle of the month, or at an accumulation of 1620 degree days (base 47.14) since the biofix of May 13 in the Bridgeton area.

Grape Trap Counts

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Southern Counties

Tree  Fruit Trap Counts – Northern Counties

Blueberry

Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD): Populations have increased since last week. While trap captures are only relative, and there is no treatment threshold, trap counts have increased up to 10 fold on some farms. All plantings should continue to have protection, even ‘Duke’ if it is still several days away from picking. All recommendations that were covered in last week’s newsletter, also apply for this week.

The following section is repeated from last week’s newsletter, since some growers are still not doing salt and filter tests on harvested fruit. Make sure to run 1 qt samples of unsorted fruit from every picking from every field. If a sample comes up positive for an SWD maggot, then re-run the sample from the same field and picking after it’s sorted and packed. Low numbers will be eliminated in the line if the sorters are set for firm fruit. Use the Steve VanTimmeren’s Filter Method for fruit, and outlined below. A microscope is not necessary, but a magnifier or good hand lens helps: See also Spotted Wing Drosophila IPM in Blueberries on the NE IPM website:

Use 1 qt of fruit and place in a 2 gal Ziploc bag (or into two 1 gal bags). Gently press the berries to break the skins. Add saturated salt water to cover the fruit in the bag(s), squeezing out the air to keep berries immersed, and stand the bags for about one hour in a plastic tub so they are upright. Bend a piece of ¼” hardware cloth in a large funnel, and pour the contents of the bag through the funnel into a reusable stainless steel coffee filter. Then rinse the empty bag and berries with a sprayer to wash off any remaining larvae into the stainless steel coffee filter. Use a strong hand lens or a dissecting microscope to count the larvae caught in the coffee filter. This method is detailed in: Van Timmerman, S., Diepenbrock, L.M., Bertone, M.A., Burrack, H.J., Isaacs, R. 2017. A filter method for improved monitoring of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) larvae in fruit. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 8(1):23; 1–7.

The following insecticide choices are again published this week.

¹ = Use a 10-15 day PHI for berries going to Canada.

Blueberry Maggot (BBM): Adults continue to be captured at very low levels, and are “0” on most traps. The insect is present at higher numbers on some farms.

Scale: We are between the 1^st and 2^nd generations of Putnam Scale. For those growers with scale infested bushes, it’s a good idea to wait until the second generation of crawlers are present in another few weeks.

Aphids: Aphid infestations are close to the same levels as seen during the previous week, although on some farms there have been increases in the percent of shoots infested. Colony size averages about 2-5 aphids per shoot.

Anthracnose and Alternaria: Anthracnose field symptoms are present on both Duke and Bluecrop. Average infection rates are .07% with a maximum of 1.3% on unpicked fruit. Some Alternaria is also present at very low levels.

Traps

Atlantic County Traps

Burlington County Traps