Notes:

This edition of the Vegetable IPM Update will be the last regular one of the season.  Should a pest situation arise that is important to the grower community, special posts will appear in the Plant and Pest Advisory.

Thank you and good luck to Dr. Joseph Ingerson-Mahar!

Joe has retired after nearly 35 years of service to Rutgers Integrated Pest Management, both in field and vegetable crops.  In 1987, after receiving his B.S. and M.S. degrees at Michigan State University, and serving as a private crop consultant in Michigan, Joe came to Rutgers.  Aside from receiving his PhD here and supervising field crops and vegetable IPM program activities, Joe taught many entomology classes for undergraduate students and has been heavily involved with various Master Gardener programs.  His identification of the primary sources of pepper weevil infestations in southern New Jersey is high among his helpful accomplishments on behalf of growers in our state.  We thank him and wish him the very best in this next phase!

Sweet Corn

Northern and central blacklight traps and all pheromone traps continue to catch corn earworm (CEW) moths, but numbers continue to fall.   Pheromone trap information is available from all northern and central sites, with now very limited input from southern New Jersey.  We will use a combination of pheromone and blacklight trap types to derive silk spray schedules by region.   We are now only able to check many traps on a weekly basis, as our student help has returned to their studies.  This can give some areas an artificially high or low appearance of activity.    Green areas on the map (at right) indicate a 4 day schedule.    Any remaining silking corn is at limited risk of CEW infestation at this time.

 

No blacklight trap catches of CEW for the week ending 10/04/23 are above 1/night, with many having gone all week with no CEW.

The highest nightly pheromone trap catches of CEW for the week ending 10/04/23 are as follows:

Green Creek   6	South Branch   3	Snyder Farm (Hunterdon)   2
Georgetown   4	Califon   2	Chester   1
Allamuchy   3	Farmingdale   2	Dayton   1
East Vineland   3	Matawan   2	Pennington   1

Silking Spray Schedules*:
South – 4 days

Central – 4 -5 days

North – 4-5 days

*These recommendations are based on regional catches.  Adhere to tighter spray schedules if indicated by local trap catches.  Synthetic pyrethroids alone should NOT be used for corn earworm (CEW) protection on silking corn, or for fall armyworm (FAW) management at any stage.  Control with these materials is very inconsistent.

 

Cole Crops

Fall plantings are now impacted by diamondback moth larvae ((DBM) see photo at right), as well as imported cabbage worm (ICW), cross striped cabbage worm (CSCW) and beet armyworm (BAW).  DBM can multiply quickly, and does not respond to chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) in many parts of the state.  Effective materials continue to be IRAC 5 materials (spinosyns), and the IRAC 6 material, ememectin benzoate (Proclaim).  Consultants and scouts report good efficacy with the IRAC 21A, tolfenpyrad (Torac) .  Be sure to check the Cole Crops Section of the 2022-23 Commercial Guide for specifics, as PHI’s and crop labels vary.  It is important to return to treated fields within 2-3 days to assess the efficacy of the insecticide applications.  Effective materials should eliminate DBM larvae within 48 hours.  BAW will not be controlled by pyrethroids. ICW and CSCW have not shown resistance to labeled materials in our area.

Pepper Weevil

Pepper weevil infestations appear to be down for NJ growers this year.  As of this writing, only two farms are, or have been infested, both in the Vineland – East Vineland area.  Given the time of year and cooling weather, pepper weevil will become less of a problem.  Continue to look for small, aborted fruit, cutting them open to examine the interior for feeding damage or small grey-white grubs.  Vydate (IRAC 1A) appears to be one of the better materials for trying to manage weevils, along with Actara (IRAC 4A). Never rely upon pyrethroids alone to manage weevils.

Beet Armyworm

Pheromone catches of beet armyworm have declined in southern NJ traps at this time.    However, BAW larvae continue to appear in cole crop plantings in scouted cole crop plantings in central and northern counties.  While numbers are not high in these areas, their presence points to possible higher infestations in southern parts of the state.  This pest (photo at near left) has the ability to defoliate pepper plants and damage fruit, and can cause severe damage on other crops (see photo of chard at far left). BAW is resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, and other materials should be used in response to infestations.  Effective materials include spinosyns (IRAC 5) and diamides (IRAC 28).

Sweet Corn

Northern and central blacklight traps and all pheromone traps continue to catch corn earworm (CEW) moths. However, the dramatic drop in nighttime temperatures following the tropical storm have significantly lowered catch numbers this week. Should temperatures moderate, we will know whether this indicates a reduced population or simply lower activity.  Pheromone trap information is available from all northern and central sites, with now very limited input from southern New Jersey.  We will use a combination of pheromone and blacklight trap types to derive silk spray schedules by region.   We are now only able to check many traps on a weekly basis, as our student help has returned to their studies.  This can give some areas an artificially high or low appearance of activity.   Red areas on the pheromone trap map (at right) indicate a 3-day spray schedule.  Green areas indicate a 4 day schedule.      Silking corn is remains at risk of CEW infestation at this time.  Be sure to access information from this publication in the upcoming weeks to determine how frequently you should treat silking sweet corn to protect it from CEW infestation.

 

The highest nightly blacklight trap catches of CEW for the week ending 9/27/23 are as follows:

Allamuchy   3	Califon   1	Oldwick   1
Allentown   2	Chester   1	Princeton   1
Milltown   2	Clinton   1	Sergeantsville   1
Bellemeade   1	New Egypt   1	South Branch   1

The highest nightly pheromone trap catches of CEW for the week ending 9/27/23 are as follows:

East Vineland   40	Green Creek   4	South Branch   2
Georgetown   19	Matawan   3	Chester   1
Farmingdale   14	Califon   2	Pennington   1
Allamuchy   6	Snyder Farm (Hunterdon)   2	Sparta   1

Silking Spray Schedules*:
South – 3-4 days

Central – 4  days

North – 4 days

*These recommendations are based on regional catches.  Adhere to tighter spray schedules if indicated by local trap catches.  Synthetic pyrethroids alone should NOT be used for corn earworm (CEW) protection on silking corn, or for fall armyworm (FAW) management at any stage.  Control with these materials is very inconsistent.

 

Cole Crops

Fall plantings are now impacted by diamondback moth larvae ((DBM) see photo at right), as well as imported cabbage worm (ICW), cross striped cabbage worm (CSCW) and beet armyworm (BAW).  DBM can multiply quickly, and does not respond to chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) in many parts of the state.  Effective materials continue to be IRAC 5 materials (spinosyns), and the IRAC 6 material, ememectin benzoate (Proclaim).  Consultants and scouts report good efficacy with the IRAC 21A, tolfenpyrad (Torac) .  Be sure to check the Cole Crops Section of the 2022-23 Commercial Guide for specifics, as PHI’s and crop labels vary.  It is important to return to treated fields within 2-3 days to assess the efficacy of the insecticide applications.  Effective materials should eliminate DBM larvae within 48 hours.  BAW will not be controlled by pyrethroids. ICW and CSCW have not shown resistance to labeled materials in our area.

Hawaiian Beet Webworm

Hawaiian beet webworm (HBWW) continues to impact crops.  Large numbers of  moths may be found in weedy areas adjacent to host crops (photo at left).  Galinsoga and pigweed patches seem to be favored by the moths.  Injury to host crops (beet greens, swiss chard, spinach) has been reported from many parts of the state.  Growers in all counties would be wise to check plantings of these hosts at least weekly for the presence of foliar injury.  Numerous holes in leaves, with larvae on the lower leaf surfaces (photo at right).  Recommended insecticides may be found in the Spinach Section of the 2022-23 Commercial Guide.

 

Pepper Weevil

Pepper weevil infestations appear to be down for NJ growers this year.  As of this writing, only two farms are, or have been infested, both in the Vineland – East Vineland area.  Given the time of year and cooling weather, pepper weevil will become less of a problem.  Continue to look for small, aborted fruit, cutting them open to examine the interior for feeding damage or small grey-white grubs.  Vydate (IRAC 1A) appears to be one of the better materials for trying to manage weevils, along with Actara (IRAC 4A). Never rely upon pyrethroids alone to manage weevils.

Beet Armyworm

Pheromone catches of beet armyworm are high in some southern NJ areas at this time.  65 moths per night in East Vineland have been reported.  Additionally, BAW larvae have been found in cole crop plantings northward to Hunterdon County this week.  While numbers are not high in these areas, their presence points to possible higher infestations in southern parts of the state.  This pest (photo at near left) has the ability to defoliate pepper plants and damage fruit, and can cause severe damage on other crops (see photo of chard at far left). BAW is resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, and other materials should be used in response to infestations.  Effective materials include spinosyns (IRAC 5) and diamides (IRAC 28).

Sweet Corn

Northern and central blacklight traps and all pheromone traps continue to catch corn earworm (CEW) moths, although recent night temperatures in the low 50s have depressed numbers somewhat this week.  Pheromone trap information is available from all northern and central sites, with now very limited input from southern New Jersey.  We will use a combination of pheromone and blacklight trap types to derive silk spray schedules by region.   We are now only able to check many traps on a weekly basis, as our student help has returned to their studies.  This can give some areas an artificially high or low appearance of activity.   Nonetheless, very high pheromone trap catches continue into Morris County.  Red areas on the pheromone trap map (at upper right) indicate a 3-day spray schedule.  Although the green areas indicate a 4 day schedule, blacklight trap catches in those areas remain consistent with a 3-day schedule.  This is reflected in the suggested spray schedules below.  Cool evening temperatures  may further suppress activity temporarily.   If this occurs and trap types are in agreement, more relaxed silk spray schedules may be suggested.  Silking corn is at high risk of CEW infestation at this time.  Be sure to access information from this publication in the upcoming weeks to determine how frequently you should treat silking sweet corn to protect it from CEW infestation.

 

The highest nightly blacklight trap catches of CEW for the week ending 9/20/23 are as follows:

Georgetown   12	Allentown   4	South Branch   3
Hackettstown   8	Hillsborough   4	Chester   2
Princeton   8	Lawrenceville   3	Dayton   2
Bellemeade   5	Oldwick   3	Pennington   2

The highest nightly pheromone trap catches of CEW for the week ending 9/20/23 are as follows:

Woodstown   88	Green Creek   25	Farmingdale   10
East Vineland   60	Sparta   22	Matawan   9
Georgetown   46	Chester   20	Berlin   8
Snyder Farm (Hunterdon)   33	Califon   14	Dayton   6

Silking Spray Schedules*:
South – 3 days

Central – 3  days

North – 3 days

*These recommendations are based on regional catches.  Adhere to tighter spray schedules if indicated by local trap catches.  Synthetic pyrethroids alone should NOT be used for corn earworm (CEW) protection on silking corn, or for fall armyworm (FAW) management at any stage.  Control with these materials is very inconsistent.

 

Cole Crops

With fall plantings now underway, it is typical for diamondback moth larvae ((DBM) see photo at right) to become the dominant caterpillar pest in many cole crop fields.  This pest can multiply quickly, with a generation completed in under 2 weeks with high temperatures.  Furthermore, this pest is not responding to chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) in many parts of the state.  Effective materials continue to be IRAC 5 materials (spinosyns), and the IRAC 6 material, ememectin benzoate (Proclaim).  Consultants and scouts report good efficacy with the IRAC 21A, tolfenpyrad (Torac) .  Be sure to check the Cole Crops Section of the 2022-23 Commercial Guide for specifics, as PHI’s and crop labels vary.  It is important to return to treated fields within 2-3 days to assess the efficacy of the insecticide applications.  Effective materials should eliminate DBM larvae within 48 hours.

Hawaiian Beet Webworm

Recent farm visits in the northern half of the state have revealed high numbers of Hawaiian beet webworm (HBWW) moths in weedy areas (photo at left).  Galinsoga patches seem to be favored by the moths.  Injury to host crops (beet greens, swiss chard, spinach) has been reported from Middlesex County, and has been observed by IPM staff in Hunterdon County.  Growers in all counties would be wise to check plantings of these hosts at least weekly for the presence of foliar injury.  Numerous holes in leaves, with larvae on the lower leaf surfaces (photo at right).  Recommended insecticides may be found in the Spinach Section of the 2022-23 Commercial Guide.

Beet Armyworm

Pheromone catches of beet armyworm are high in some southern NJ areas at this time.  148 moths per night in Woodstown and 7 per night in East Vineland have been reported.  This pest (photo at near left) has the ability to defoliate pepper plants and damage fruit, and can cause severe damage on other crops (see photo of chard at far left). BAW is resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, and other materials should be used in response to infestations.  Effective materials include spinosyns (IRAC 5) and diamides (IRAC 28).

Sweet Corn

Fall armyworm (FAW) infestations in whorl stage plantings in northern and central counties have dropped to very low levels.    This may not be the case in southern counties.  Growers are advised to check whorl and seedling stage corn plantings weekly for signs of FAW.  Consider treating if infestation rates exceed 10%.  This pest is capable of significant injury to sweet corn plants, resulting in severe stunting and failure to produce viable ears.  Note that growers of Attribute II type genetically engineered corn are unlikely to see damage from FAW.

Newly hatched FAW larvae cause holes and scratches on leaves that are similar to European corn borer (ECB) feeding, except that they tend to be more concentrated and always lead down into the whorl  (see photos at left).  As the larvae grow, the feeding becomes more destructive, with large ragged holes and obvious droppings deposited in the whorl (see photo at right). 

We will provide updates on new FAW appearances and severity as reports come in.  FAW are resistant to synthetic pyrethroids.  Effective sprays should include IRAC grp. 5 (spinosyns) or IRAC grp. 28 (diamides).  The carbamate (IRAC grp. 1A) Lannate is also still effective.  Sufficient water should be used in the applications to allow the solution to penetrate the layer of droppings that may have formed above the caterpillar.

 

[Read more…]

Sweet Corn

Fall armyworm (FAW) infestations in whorl stage plantings in northern and central counties have dropped to very low levels.    This may not be the case in southern counties.  Growers are advised to check whorl and seedling stage corn plantings weekly for signs of FAW.  Consider treating if infestation rates exceed 10%.  This pest is capable of significant injury to sweet corn plants, resulting in severe stunting and failure to produce viable ears.  Note that growers of Attribute II type genetically engineered corn are unlikely to see damage from FAW.

Newly hatched FAW larvae cause holes and scratches on leaves that are similar to European corn borer (ECB) feeding, except that they tend to be more concentrated and always lead down into the whorl  (see photos at left).  As the larvae grow, the feeding becomes more destructive, with large ragged holes and obvious droppings deposited in the whorl (see photo at right). 

We will provide updates on new FAW appearances and severity as reports come in.  FAW are resistant to synthetic pyrethroids.  Effective sprays should include IRAC grp. 5 (spinosyns) or IRAC grp. 28 (diamides).  The carbamate (IRAC grp. 1A) Lannate is also still effective.  Sufficient water should be used in the applications to allow the solution to penetrate the layer of droppings that may have formed above the caterpillar.

 

[Read more…]

Sweet Corn

Fall armyworm (FAW) infestations in whorl stage plantings remain a presence, although in many scouted fields in northern and central counties, the incidence of FAW has declined.  Re-infestation rates are fairly low, even in coastal areas.    This may not be the case in southern counties.  Growers are advised to check whorl and seedling stage corn plantings weekly for signs of FAW.  Consider treating if infestation rates exceed 10%.  This pest is capable of significant injury to sweet corn plants, resulting in severe stunting and failure to produce viable ears.  Note that growers of Attribute II type genetically engineered corn are unlikely to see damage from FAW.

Newly hatched FAW larvae cause holes and scratches on leaves that are similar to European corn borer (ECB) feeding, except that they tend to be more concentrated and always lead down into the whorl  (see photos at left).  As the larvae grow, the feeding becomes more destructive, with large ragged holes and obvious droppings deposited in the whorl (see photo at right). 

We will provide updates on new FAW appearances and severity as reports come in.  FAW are resistant to synthetic pyrethroids.  Effective sprays should include IRAC grp. 5 (spinosyns) or IRAC grp. 28 (diamides).  The carbamate (IRAC grp. 1A) Lannate is also still effective.  Sufficient water should be used in the applications to allow the solution to penetrate the layer of droppings that may have formed above the caterpillar.

 

[Read more…]